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Browsing Capítulos de libros by Subject "01 No poverty"
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- ItemAgrobiodiversity in mountain territories: family farming and the challenges of social-environmental changes(Springer, 2023) Ibarra Eliessetch, Jose Tomas; Marchant, Carla; Olivares, Fernanda; Caviedes, Julián; Santana Sagredo, Francisca; Monterrubio-Solís, Constanza; Sarmiento, Fausto O.; Pontifica Universidad Católica de ChileFamily farming plays a fundamental role in food production. However, it faces rapid processes of social-environmental change, such as the application of hegemonic agrarian modernization policies and restrictions on the circulation of traditional seeds. Institutional changes are also altering practices and social relations, while climate change is the main factor in biodiversity loss and increased human vulnerability and the threat to livelihoods. The negative effects of these processes are particularly alarming in mountain territories. These systems are considered “biocultural refuges” since they often contain high levels of agrobiodiversity, complex systems of knowledge, and unique agricultural practices with identity value for local communities and indigenous peoples. This chapter examines the role of mountain family farming as a biocultural refuge and discusses the challenges it faces in a context of social-environmental crises, describing cases of mountain agricultural systems in nine of the world’s main mountain territories and showing that they are fragile spaces and highly vulnerable to certain processes of social-environmental change. For this reason, we urge the identification and promotion of strategies to foster the adaptation and resilience of mountain family farming as a way of contributing to the food security and sovereignty of the communities that inhabit these territories.
- ItemAir Quality in Latin American Buildings(2023) Molina Carvallo, Constanza Del Pilar; Benjamin Jones; Giobertti Morantes
- ItemAsentamientos populares en América Latina: trayectorias de investigación y conceptualizaciones contemporáneas para un objeto de estudio complejo(RIL Editores, 2023) Ruiz-Tagle Venero, Javier Ignacio; Valenzuela Ormeño, Felipe Eduardo; Núñez, Ana; Matus, Christian; Mosso, Emilia; Zenteno, Elizabeth; Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social (COES); Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos. Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileEste libro recopila las presentaciones de un simposio realizado durante el VI Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Antropología. Los artículos analizan las dinámicas de disputa en las ciudades y territorios por parte de sectores populares frente a la mercantilización urbana. Se destacan las tácticas y estrategias utilizadas por estas comunidades para producir su entorno. Este enfoque busca influir no solo en la academia, sino también en la toma de decisiones que afectan el hábitat, promoviendo políticas públicas y planificación urbana que reconozcan y fortalezcan las formas de producción social del espacio-tiempo utilizadas por las comunidades.
- ItemChileans in China and How They View Their Role in Public Diplomacy: Between Entrepreneurship and State Policies(Palgrave Macmillan, 2021) Labarca, Claudia; Werner-Wildner, PhilipeSince the Free Trade Agreement between China and Chile took effect in 2006, a Chilean business-led diaspora has been growing in mainland China. Using a qualitative thematic analysis, and through perspectives gathered during 19 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, this chapter describes this diaspora community’s characteristics, motivations, identities, and levels of social capital. It also explores its contributions to public diplomacy efforts promoted by the Chilean government in China. By doing this, this chapter avoids the traditional focus on the political dimensions of diasporas to instead explore business-centered state-diaspora interactions.
- ItemClimate Change, Health, and Migration in LAC(Springer Cham, 2025) Batista, Carolina; Borjas-Cavero, Diego B.; Farante, Sofia Virginia; Melo Contreras, Óscar; Lescano, Andrés G.This chapter examines the interconnectedness of climate change, health, and migration in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A comprehensive literature review identified severe and disproportionate consequences of climate change on the health of migrants, with major impacts on vulnerable mobile groups such as indigenous peoples, children, women, and the LGBTI+ community. We analyzed the consequences of infectious diseases, such as vector-borne and neglected diseases, as well as non-communicable diseases and mental health. The findings highlight the urgent need to generate evidence on climate-induced migration at sub-regional and national level and to address the vulnerability of marginalized groups that contribute the least to greenhouse gas emissions, a matter of climate justice. Additionally, there is a need for further research on the health impacts of climate change on migrants in LAC, including those that migrate for non-climate-related reasons. These knowledge and action gaps underscore the importance of designing tailored health policies that ensure to reduce the vulnerability of migrants to health threats.
- ItemClinical social work in Chile(2022) Muñoz-Guzmán, Carolina; Grau, María Olaya; González, Karla; Garrido López, ValentinaSocial work in Latin America has been framed by an ethical-political dimension committed to democracy and change in social structures to ensure social justice. This has put under dispute the possibilities of clinical social work, which has been defined as a reduced understanding of social problems in Latin America. The increasing complexity of people’s lives, related not only to poverty but to the convergence of many difficulties across life’s course, provides a disciplinary opportunity for social workers to innovate in ways to deliver effective tools and skills in coping with violence, addiction, mental health problems, discrimination, and exclusion. Thus, supplementing traditional social work practice in the region, with clinical social work as a specialised area of intervention, seems urgent. This chapter examines the contributions that clinical social work can make to reach social justice in Latin America, specifically in Chile. The discussion focuses on the need for a specialised professional training in clinical social work, one that acknowledges critical social work perspectives in order to avoid reductionism when understanding social problems.
- ItemDisentanglements(2019) Matus Cánovas, ClaudiaThis chapter argues that the production of ethnographies can be a critical source for informing policy design on issues of diversity and inclusion. Ethnography from a post-representational perspective and the implications for the ways we conceptualize and represent issues of difference in school contexts and policy-making are explored. In making sense of the possibilities ethnographic research practices afford for informing policy design, the chapter engages in the exploration of new ways of thinking and researching inequalities, and the possibilities of change and transformation they might bring. I contend that the regulation of subjectivities through specific meanings of normalcy and difference leaves no opening for active politics. This chapter intends to advance on more creative ways to achieve social transformation.
- ItemEnabling mobilities: Reinterpreting concepts and tools(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni
- ItemInserción social y disputa cultural en la educación universitaria(Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, 2013) Daher Hechem, Antonio; Alarcón, Marco AntonioEsta ponencia plantea la tesis de la vocación de prójimo de las universidades católicas, y por ende su necesaria extroversión, proactiva inserción social, apertura e inclusión, y su indelegable aporte a la cultura de la solidaridad y al compromiso ciudadano. En rigor, se sostiene que, más que una mera responsabilidad social, la universidad católica tiene una verdadera "misión social y cultural". En medios secularizados, pero también de desencarnación cristiana, la tarea de las universidades católicas es a la vez de compromiso social y disputa y contradicción cultural. Frente a la fragmentación social y a la vulnerabilidad, a la indiferencia, al individualismo y a la inequidad, a las cicatrices de desamor, a la desconfianza e increencia, a la desesperanza y angustia social, la vocación de servicio y de alteridad de las universidades católicas -y su propia identidad y misióndeben traducirse en la construcción de una cultura de corresponsabilidad y comunión, contribuyendo así a configurar una sociedad más justa, más cohesionada y más fraterna.
- ItemIntroduction: Resource peripheries in the global economy(Springer Nature, 2021) Irarrázaval Irarrázaval, Felipe Andres; Arias Loyola, MartínThe relation between resource extraction and the places in which extraction takes place has been a long-standing issue for academic, social and political debates. The paths through which resource extraction alter developmental dynamics, the everyday life of the local population and the environmental context have called the attention of social science since its origins. Despite the long-standing dimensions, which have been in the spotlight, contemporary political, economic and social changes demand revising the way in which resource extraction connects global production with the places where extraction occurs, here referred to as resource peripheries. This introduction critically revisits the academic debate about resource peripheries, asking to move forward from an understanding of resource peripheries as local models, towards a dynamic approach that allows grasping the socio-spatial relations that make the extraction places peripheral. For doing so, this section proposes three core dimensions that must be revisited in the research about resource peripheries: (i) changes in how contemporary capitalism is organizing production through globalized value chains; (ii) the re-scalation of political dynamics, which shape the economic organization of the places of extraction; and (iii) emergent issues, such as long-distance commuting, climate change and human rights
- ItemIntroduction: Schools are being produced right now(2019) Matus Cánovas, ClaudiaThis chapter introduces the major theoretical frames that delineate the object of study for researching the production of normalcy in school contexts. The major intellectual exercise in this work is to trouble the discursive, material, and affective paths that define how and why we should study the intertwined relation between policy, research practice, and inequality. In this introduction, major theoretical concepts and articulations will be laid out. It will also provide a critical contextualization of where this research is developed, with a specific focus on how neoliberal economic cultures and liberal ways of understanding policy reproduce inequality. The introduction also offers a description of the coming chapters, their foci, and articulations.
- ItemRaíces de la desigualdad: Impacto de la conformación del precio inmobiliario en la segregación urbana(Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 2019) Aguirre, Carlos; Encinas Pino, Felipe Alfonso; Truffello Robledo, Ricardo EnriqueLa segregación socio residencial es uno de los grandes problemas de las ciudades chilenas. Muchos diagnósticos han avanzado en la generación de una agenda de investigación a este respecto, pero la mecánica económica que está subyacente al fenómeno ha sido un material más esquivo y poco constante en la agenda. Este trabajo busca iniciar un debate sobre la modelación económica del mercado inmobiliario y como los preceptos de la modelación – propia de un mercado en libre competencia y con las características del bien vivienda– solamente pueden generar una ciudad segregada. Las formulaciones permiten explicar el desarrollo de un mercado inmobiliario sin regulaciones, el cual en un contexto de desigualdad de ingresos solo permitiría la generación de una ciudad segregada socio espacialmente.
- ItemReformulación del sistema local de protección de la infancia en el espacio comunal: prevención de la vulneración de derechos(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Centro de Políticas Públicas, 2019) Centro de Políticas Públicas UC; Domínguez Hidalgo, Carmen Aída; Muñoz Guzmán, Carolina Beatriz; Alvarado Marambio, José Tomás; Villalón, Malva; Irarrázaval, Ignacio; Piña, Elisa; Letelier, Magdalena; Jeldes, María IgnaciaEsta propuesta de política pública plantea una reformulación de las Oficinasde Protección de Derechos (OPD), dirigida a reforzar las acciones preventivas de vulneración de derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes de estasinstancias de intervención local-comunal del país. Con el objetivo de revisarel funcionamiento de las OPD y proponer estrategias preventivas, este estudio desarrolló una amplia revisión de la bibliografía sobre prevención dederechos a nivel local, de estudios, informes y otros documentos referidos ala legislación y política local de infancia, así como de la normativa vigente,su coordinación a nivel interministerial y las reformas pendientes en la materia. Se realizaron, además, entrevistas a los equipos profesionales de 11OPD distribuidas en el centro, norte y sur de Chile, con el fin de identificarlos factores facilitadores y obstaculizadores del trabajo de prevención de lavulneración percibidos por estos actores.A partir del análisis de los datos recolectados, se elaboró una propuestade prevención que incluye: a) acciones legislativas que garanticen que cadagobierno local cuente con estrategias de prevención; b) una institucionalidadque administre a nivel local medidas preventivas que reduzcan la necesidad de protección especializada; y c) propuestas específicas de estrategiasde apoyo a la familia y la protección de sus niños y niñas. A través de estainvestigación, se busca contribuir a la prevención de la vulneración de losderechos de los niños, proponiendo medidas que favorezcan su bienestary permitan su mejor desarrollo en el seno de su familia. Esta propuesta sesitúa en el nivel de prevención primaria, que corresponde a una prevenciónuniversal, que aborda las causas sociales subyacentes del maltrato infantil enla población en general.
- ItemSocialization into Politics: Parental Position-Taking and Value Formation in Children among Elite and Non-Elite Groups(Routledge, 2023) Gayo, Modesto; Mendez Layera, Maria LuisaIn this chapter we trace individuals’ political subjectivities back to their social background and to the parenting they received as children. In seeking the roots of political socialisation, we raise the question of possible trajectories in the future. Political socialisation is not only about transmitting and sharing similar socio-political views; it also refers to a learning process of political embodiment through practices that are context-specific. In this chapter we also analyse data on intergenerational practices of political mobilisation and ideological positioning and participation. We combine these dimensions with the political orientations/subjectivities developed in previous chapters (Networked Pragmatism, Individualised, Communitarian Individualism). New historical circumstances, even those conceived as essential parts of globalised narratives concerning common trends, cannot be framed as simple causes of worldviews at stake today. As such, neoliberal subjectivities should be explained not only as a derivation of something that happens at the macro-level, but as a fragmented and diverse dynamic that has to do significantly with the emergence of socio-political views that grow in intimate connection with pre-existing ideologies and political practices that were part of a certain habitus or generally under-scrutinised perspective of social life rooted in the histories of families.
- ItemSocio-environmental Harms in Chile Under the Restorative Justice Lens: The Role of the State(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Bolivar Fernández, Daniela; Guerra Aburto, Liliana; Martinez, FelipeEnvironmental harm in Chile takes place in an economic, political, legal, and social context of extractivism. A multiscale process, extractivism involves the mobilisation of a significant amount and volume of natural resources, usually not processed, and the specialisation of areas or territories to produce one single type of product. As a policy, extractivism is encouraged by governments of different political colours from the Global South as a way to promote economic growth and social development. However, in Chile such policy has been disrespectful to nature, affecting seriously the balance of fragile ecosystems and the quality of life of populations who live already in poverty and social exclusion. In addition, environmental legislation in Chile is weak and contributes to abuses and environmental harm due to impunity. This chapter discusses the role of the state in the context of extractivist policies when considering responses to environmental harm from a restorative justice perspective. The authors suggest that the state should both recognise its own negligence and play a serious role in changing such a path in the future. However, the state as such cannot intervene as a third party in mediating between companies and communities but could promote the implementation of a collegial body, with representatives from different sectors of civil society, to identify and address environmental harm. Given the context, this chapter suggests and discusses the model of truth commissions.
- ItemTeachers’ beliefs about poverty: a barrier we must face(IntechOpen Limited, 2022) Gómez Nocetti, Viviana; González Vallejos, María Paz; Gutiérrez Rivera, Pablo SebastiánThe poorest children have the lowest educational results, which the neoliberal model has deepened. The State transferred its responsibility to private and municipalities through supply subsidies, but the amount did not ensure quality. To solve this problem, it provides an additional subsidy for each “priority” child, demanding accountability, but with high institutional and individual consequences. But the gap remains, and teachers are held accountable for these low results. The literature shows that teachers hold beliefs that prevent them from dealing constructively with this reality. Beliefs about poverty were investigated by asking 828 teachers from low and lower-middle SES schools with standardized test scores above and below the average of similar schools to point out four characteristics of vulnerable schools. The data were analyzed by means of thematic and semantic field analysis. A shared narrative was found, independent of the type of school, attributing failure to the degraded context that surrounds it, from which the families and children come. Neoliberal policies based on accountability have intensified the work of the teacher and the constant threat has led them to self-defense. There is an urgent need to change the approach if opportunities for the poorest children are to be improved.
- ItemThe Scales of Vulnerability. Mobility and Accessibility of the Vulnerable Active Population in Santiago de Chile(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025) Correa, Juan; Ladrón De Guevara González, Felipe Andres; Vecchio, GiovanniSocial exclusion associated with urban mobility is a multi-scalar phenomenon. On the one hand, the possibility of accessing essential activities such as work depends on the availability of job opportunities (at the metropolitan level) as well as the availability of modal alternatives (at the neighborhood-community level); on the other hand, socioeconomic vulnerability can determine specific requirements for modes of transport—public/private, which may be less accessible in vulnerable neighborhoods. Considering these elements, the work proposes to determine the conditions of accessibility (urban and neighborhood) for workers to the public transport system in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (MAS), focusing on 40% most vulnerable households. The analysis considers urban-scale accessibility, considering average travel times in public transport, and accessibility to public transport at the neighborhood scale, considering access points, frequencies and relative times. The results show that workers from more vulnerable households have long travel times (30.1% travel more than 60 min to the city’s business center) and often live in areas with very low or low accessibility to public transport (53%). The results show that it is necessary to consider different scales to address the problem of accessibility, which affects the vulnerable active population of the city, considering that the relationship between accessibility and vulnerability allows to highlight priority areas for intervention from the public transport system and the opportunities available at the local level.
- ItemWorun: Feeling safer through design. Reflections on gender inequalities in women’s urban running.(2025) Montt Blanchard, Denise; González, Sofía; Irrazabal, Fabiola; Dubois-Camacho, KarenThe Worun: Feeling Safer by Design project addresses gender-based disparities in urban running among women in Chile, presenting a design-led solution to improve safety and reduce perceived vulnerability. This mixed-method study involved 177 participants and combined in-depth interviews, autoethnographic observation, narrative cartography, and journey mapping to identify the barriers female runners face and their unmet needs. Drawing on these insights, the team co-created process a mobile application—Worun—that connects female runners based on shared preferences. Worun leverages community-building and connection to address safety concerns, highlighting the potential of human-centered design to advance gender equity and empowerment. The app was evaluated through a survey that incorporated a promotional video to simulate its use. Results suggest that the proposed solution may help reduce perceived vulnerability. The study found that all female runners experienced some level of vulnerability regardless of age, running pace, or distance. Participants reported a range of urban and social barriers, including inadequate lighting and harassment. By facilitating safer running experiences through connection and community, Worun demonstrates how design can operate as a tactical intervention to improve well-being and autonomy in public spaces. This research contributes to broader conversations on feminist and socially responsive design, emphasizing the need for context-specific solutions that address complex societal issues and support women’s active engagement in urban life.