Artículos de revistas

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https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/1156
Esta colección incluye artículos de revistas de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.

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Browsing Artículos de revistas by browse.metadata.categoriaods "03 Salud y bienestar"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Noninvasive pathway for stratifying fibrosis in suspected metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD)
    (2025) Diaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Tavaglione, Federica; Mittal, Nikita; Bettencourt, Ricki; Amangurbanova, Maral; Johnson, Amy; Marti-Aguado, David; Tincopa, Monica; Loomba, Ria; Khan-Riches, Asma; Madamba, Egbert; Siddiqi, Harris; Richards, Lisa; Sirlin, Claude B.; Ajmera, Veeral; Loomba, Rohit
    Background: Metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD) may increase liver fibrosis progression, but data on screening are scarce. We aimed to assess the performance of noninvasive tests (NITs) for detecting significant fibrosis in individuals with suspected MetALD.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of prospectively enrolled adults identified as overweight or obese. We included adults with suspected MetALD defined by ≥1 of 5 cardiometabolic criteria and self-reported alcohol use within MetALD ranges or lower self-reported alcohol use but with phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels ≥25 ng/mL. Clinical assessment included contemporaneous magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Significant fibrosis was defined as MRE ≥3.14 kPa (or VCTE ≥7.6 kPa if MRE was missing). Analyses included AUROCs.Results: Among 617 individuals screened, we identified 97 (15.7%) with suspected MetALD. The mean age was 50.6±12.8 years, 67% were men, the mean body mass index was 31.4±6.5 kg/m2, 12.4% had diabetes, and 8% had significant fibrosis. Fibrosis-4 ≥1.3 demonstrated good performance for significant fibrosis (AUROC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.58–0.98, sensitivity 80%, specificity 76%, positive predictive value 17%, and negative predictive value 98%). VCTE ≥8 kPa also had good performance (AUROC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66–1.00, sensitivity 80%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 36%, and negative predictive value 99%). A stepwise approach using fibrosis-4 followed by VCTE yielded a low false negative rate (2% misclassified as low risk).Conclusions: A clinical care algorithm utilizing a stepwise approach with fibrosis-4 and VCTE shows adequate performance in detecting significant fibrosis in individuals with suspected MetALD.
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    Physical Activity in Immersive Virtual Reality: A Scoping Review
    (2023) Espoz Lazo, Sebastián Ignacio
    Physical activity has benefits for health, but many adolescents are inactive. However, video games such as Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) have grown in popularity as a leisure activity among young people, allowing them to manipulate objects in virtual environments increasing the practice of physical activity. The evidence indicates that the interest in physical activity through IVR is greater than in traditional methods, and different experiences have been reported. However, few studies indicate the sample evaluated, the effects found, or the IVR instruments used. Due to this, is the aim of this study is to identify the publications referring to IVR and physical activity, characterize them, and present the obtained main findings. For this, the guidelines described in the PRISMA-ScR for scoping reviews were applied. After the use of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles were included. Results show evidence regarding physiological outcomes, perceptual variables, interest and enjoyment, and psychological effects regarding physical activity through IVR. Additionally, the use of different devices and their prescriptions are explored. It is concluded that there is interest from the scientific community for the practice of physical activity through IVR, as well as for its application for the maintenance of active habits. This is important as it positions IVR as a method that can be a more experiential and effective way to develop and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
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    Psychotherapeutic Process in Adults with Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Who Report Childhood Maltreatment: A Scoping Review
    (2025) Vaccarezza, Stephanie; Labbé, Nicolás; López, Alberto; Mundt, Adrian P.; Errázuriz, Paula
    Extensive research exists regarding the impact of childhood maltreatment (CM) on depression and anxiety in adulthood. Still, its effect on the psychotherapeutic process, particularly symptomatic change and working alliance, remains unclear. Evaluating studies on the impact of CM on the psychotherapeutic process can help identify research gaps. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of studies on the psychotherapeutic process in individual psychotherapy of adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety who report CM. The study followed the JBI Scoping Review Methodology. Searches were conducted in October 2022 across eight databases for peer-reviewed articles, books, and gray literature. Eligible studies examined the psychotherapeutic process in individual psychotherapy of adults with depression and/or anxiety who reported CM. A narrative method was employed to analyze and synthesize the studies. A total of 39 studies were included, consisting of 35 scientific articles and four doctoral dissertations. Most were randomized controlled trials evaluating different psychotherapeutic approaches, primarily cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and psychodynamic therapies. Patients with CM responded to psychotherapies for anxiety and depression, but showed higher symptom levels at both the beginning and end of treatment, along with delayed responses. A strong working alliance was essential for outcomes across different psychotherapeutic approaches. Psychotherapies for anxiety and depression in patients with CM should focus on building a strong working alliance and consider additional time for treatment responses. Future psychotherapy research on people with CM should report on the processes, including the working alliance. More studies assessing personality, anxiety, therapists’ perspectives, and employing qualitative methodologies are needed
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    Public Health Policies and Strategies to Prevent Alcohol-Related Morbidity and Mortality
    (2025) El Zibaoui, Roba; Diaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Idalsoaga Ferrer, Francisco Javier; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo
    Abstract Purpose of Review Alcohol consumption significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, particularly in individuals with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of public health policies in reducing alcohol-related harm, focusing on SAFER initiatives and World Health Organization (WHO) “best buys.” Recent Findings Key strategies to reduce the affordability of alcohol, such as alcohol taxation, minimum unit pricing, and legislation, have proven effective in reducing alcohol consumption and ALD-related deaths. However, their success varies across different regions and populations. Innovative approaches to further mitigate alcohol-related harm are also explored. Summary The review highlights the need for more robust, evidence-based public health policies to address alcohol-related diseases. A comprehensive, focused approach is essential to mitigate the global alcohol epidemic and its consequences, with an emphasis on policy refinement and greater understanding of alcohol-related harm.