Artículos de revistas
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Esta colección incluye artículos de revistas de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.
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- ItemIntersecting inequalities in retirement trajectories under a privatized pension system: Gender, labor force status, and occupational prestige(2026) Rosemblatt Meta, Martín Oscar; Cabib, IgnacioThis study examines the gendered and de-standardized nature of retirement trajectories in Chile, a country with a long-standing privatized pension system. Drawing on life course theory and using nationally representative panel data from the Social Protection Survey (2004–2020), we apply multichannel sequence analysis to reconstruct retirement pathways based on labor force status and occupational prestige. Our analysis identifies six representative retirement patterns for both men and women, revealing stark gender differences. Men predominantly experience gradual transitions, often through partial retirement or bridge employment, while women's trajectories are marked by abrupt labor market exits and prolonged periods of inactivity. Occupational prestige significantly shapes these patterns. Individuals in high-prestige occupations tend to follow more uniform and delayed retirement paths, whereas those in low-prestige roles exhibit greater diversity and complexity. We find that retirement trajectories in Chile are moderately de-standardized and strongly gendered, with men displaying higher within-group diversity and complexity. These findings highlight the interplay between institutional design, labor market structures, and gender norms in shaping retirement outcomes. In particular, Chile's individual capitalization model reinforces life course inequalities, limiting retirement options for those with fragmented work histories, especially women. Our results underscore the need for policy reforms that address structural disadvantages in labor force participation and pension accumulation, particularly among low-prestige and female workers. This study contributes to broader debates on the de-standardization of the life course, gendered retirement inequalities, and the implications of liberal welfare regimes in aging societies.
- ItemDoes Intergroup Contact Affect Political Attitudes and Behaviours?—A Longitudinal Test of Tertiary Transfer Effects Using the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey (ELSOC)(2025) Friehs, Maria‐Therese; Plaza Reveco, Alejandro; Schäfer, Sarina J.; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Christ, OliverIntergroup contact has been known to not only affect attitudes towards contacted and non-contacted outgroups, but also to affect people's open and liberal thinking, which in turn affects a variety of human experiences, cognitions and behaviours outside the intergroup dimension (called tertiary transfer effect, TTE). This manuscript explores one suggested TTE of intergroup contact affecting political attitudes and behaviours mediated via intergroup ideologies in a multiverse approach combining several intergroup contact, intergroup ideologies and political attitudes and behaviours indicators. We used three waves of the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey (ELSOC, N = 2863). Using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models, we found numerous stable between-person associations between intergroup contact, intergroup ideologies and political attitudes and behaviours, but we did not find consistent longitudinal evidence supporting the investigated TTE on a within-person level. However, we did find isolated longitudinal effects of negative intergroup contact frequency predicting preference for social equality and outgroup liking on a within-person level, which we advise to interpret with caution (due to, e.g., overall very low frequency of contact in the analysed dataset). We contextualise our findings in the existing literature and provide suggestions for future research to investigate the causal processes proposed to underlie TTEs. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's community and social impact statement.
- ItemPsychological processes underlying normative transformation and social change(2025) González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Carvacho García, Héctor; Tausch, NicoleThere have been widespread social changes in the past decade, including changes in gender norms, increases in political polarization and populism, and noticeable shifts toward sustainability. In this Review, we analyse the psychological processes that drive social change, considering factors at the group and individual levels of analysis. We centre our analysis around the concept of social norms — socially shared views of what is common or desirable — and argue that the processes that trigger social change often begin when there is a substantive tension between norms within society. Normative tension can occur vertically between norms at the societal level and the norms that emerge at the group level, or between individuals’ normative preferences and the norms of their groups. Normative tension can also occur horizontally between the norms that different groups have regarding their values, preferences and behaviours. We explain how normative tension mobilizes individuals to engage in collective action and how conflicting social norms are contested at the group level. We also highlight individual differences that predispose people to challenge or defend existing social norms. Together, our Review highlights the complex interactions between societal, group and individual-level variables in societal transformations.
- ItemFrom protest to ideology: how social movements reshape political orientations over time(2025) Bargsted, Matías; Somma González, Nicolás Manuel; Cáceres Draper, Ignacio; Ortiz Inostroza, Camila Francisca; González Gutiérrez, RobertoDo attitudes toward social movements influence citizens' ideological preferences? We address this question by examining an unprecedented cycle of protests in Chile, during which social movements challenged deep inequalities. In this context, we argue that individuals who value progressive social movements will be more receptive to collective action frames aligned with leftist values. This, in turn, will encourage them to shift their ideological position toward the left. However, based on insights from social cognition theories, we also claim that this effect is mostly restricted to citizens highly interested in political affairs. Among their low-interest counterparts, the effect is smaller and short-lasting. We empirically evaluate these assertions by estimating dynamic linear panel models based on data from the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey from 2016 to 2021, a period marked by intense mobilization. Our results largely confirm our theoretical expectations, while also raising new questions for future research.
- ItemRheological properties of a novel cold asphalt mastic with fast curing by means of magnetic induction(2024) Lagos-Varas, Manuel; Fuente Navarro, Christopher Alfredo de la; Lastra-González, Pedro; Xiao, Feipeng; Castro-Fresno, DanielCuring time required by cold asphalt mixtures is quite long, what has induced researchers to develop a fast-curing method utilising magnetic induction. In this regard, this research evaluated the rheological consequences of the novel procedure on the mastic by comparison of two reference mastics: one cured following the U.S. Asphalt institute guidelines and another at room temperature for 7 days. In addition, a mastic made with a conventional polymer-modified binder (PMB) was considered as a control mastic. Rheological evaluation of the mastics was performed using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), dynamic shear rheometer-elastic recovery (DSR-ER), linear amplitude sweep (LAS) and binder yield energy (BYE). Burgers' mathematical model was used to develop the DSR-ER and MSCR results. It was found that the PMB mastic had the best performance in all tests. Whereas, all mastics made with asphalt emulsion, irrespective of the curing process, indicated low performance in terms of plastic deformation. Specifically, in terms of stiffness, accelerated curing by magnetic induction was more representative of what happened in real conditions, as oven curing leaded to premature ageing.