The Identification of a Dusty Multiarm Spiral Galaxy at <i>z </i>=3.06 with JWST and ALMA

Spiral arms serve crucial purposes in star formation and galaxy evolution. In this paper, we report the identification of "A2744-DSG-z3," a dusty, multiarm spiral galaxy at z = 3.059 using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRISS imaging and grism spectroscopy. A2744-DSG-z3 was discovered as a gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxy with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). This is the most distant stellar spiral structure seen thus far, consistent with cosmological simulations that suggest z approximate to 3 as the epoch when spirals emerge. Thanks to the gravitational lensing and excellent spatial resolution of JWST, the spiral arms are resolved with a spatial resolution of approximate to 290 pc. Based on spectral energy distribution fitting, the spiral galaxy has a delensed star formation rate of 85 +/- 30 M (circle dot) yr(-1), and a stellar mass of approximate to 10(10.6) M (circle dot), indicating that A2744-DSG-z3 is a main-sequence galaxy. After fitting the spiral arms, we find a stellar effective radius (R (e,star)) of 5.0 +/- 1.5 kpc. Combining with ALMA measurements, we find that the effective radii ratio between dust and stars is approximate to 0.4, similar to those of massive star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z similar to 2, indicating a compact dusty core in A2744-DSG-z3. Moreover, this galaxy appears to be living in a group environment: including A2744-DSG-z3, at least three galaxies at z = 3.05-3.06 are spectroscopically confirmed by JWST/NIRISS and ALMA, residing within a lensing-corrected projected scale of approximate to 70 kpc. This, along with the asymmetric brightness profile, further suggests that the spiral arms may be triggered by minor-merger events at z greater than or similar to 3.