Capítulos de libros

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Agrobiodiversity in mountain territories: family farming and the challenges of social-environmental changes
(Springer, 2023) Ibarra Eliessetch, Jose Tomas; Marchant, Carla; Olivares, Fernanda; Caviedes, Julián; Santana Sagredo, Francisca; Monterrubio-Solís, Constanza; Sarmiento, Fausto O.; Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile
Family farming plays a fundamental role in food production. However, it faces rapid processes of social-environmental change, such as the application of hegemonic agrarian modernization policies and restrictions on the circulation of traditional seeds. Institutional changes are also altering practices and social relations, while climate change is the main factor in biodiversity loss and increased human vulnerability and the threat to livelihoods. The negative effects of these processes are particularly alarming in mountain territories. These systems are considered “biocultural refuges” since they often contain high levels of agrobiodiversity, complex systems of knowledge, and unique agricultural practices with identity value for local communities and indigenous peoples. This chapter examines the role of mountain family farming as a biocultural refuge and discusses the challenges it faces in a context of social-environmental crises, describing cases of mountain agricultural systems in nine of the world’s main mountain territories and showing that they are fragile spaces and highly vulnerable to certain processes of social-environmental change. For this reason, we urge the identification and promotion of strategies to foster the adaptation and resilience of mountain family farming as a way of contributing to the food security and sovereignty of the communities that inhabit these territories.
Air Quality in Latin American Buildings
(2023) Molina Carvallo, Constanza Del Pilar; Benjamin Jones; Giobertti Morantes
Asentamientos populares en América Latina: trayectorias de investigación y conceptualizaciones contemporáneas para un objeto de estudio complejo
(RIL Editores, 2023) Ruiz-Tagle Venero, Javier Ignacio; Valenzuela Ormeño, Felipe Eduardo; Núñez, Ana; Matus, Christian; Mosso, Emilia; Zenteno, Elizabeth; Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social (COES); Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Este libro recopila las presentaciones de un simposio realizado durante el VI Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Antropología. Los artículos analizan las dinámicas de disputa en las ciudades y territorios por parte de sectores populares frente a la mercantilización urbana. Se destacan las tácticas y estrategias utilizadas por estas comunidades para producir su entorno. Este enfoque busca influir no solo en la academia, sino también en la toma de decisiones que afectan el hábitat, promoviendo políticas públicas y planificación urbana que reconozcan y fortalezcan las formas de producción social del espacio-tiempo utilizadas por las comunidades.
Clinical social work in Chile
(2022) Muñoz-Guzmán, Carolina; Grau, María Olaya; González, Karla; Garrido López, Valentina
Social work in Latin America has been framed by an ethical-political dimension committed to democracy and change in social structures to ensure social justice. This has put under dispute the possibilities of clinical social work, which has been defined as a reduced understanding of social problems in Latin America. The increasing complexity of people’s lives, related not only to poverty but to the convergence of many difficulties across life’s course, provides a disciplinary opportunity for social workers to innovate in ways to deliver effective tools and skills in coping with violence, addiction, mental health problems, discrimination, and exclusion. Thus, supplementing traditional social work practice in the region, with clinical social work as a specialised area of intervention, seems urgent. This chapter examines the contributions that clinical social work can make to reach social justice in Latin America, specifically in Chile. The discussion focuses on the need for a specialised professional training in clinical social work, one that acknowledges critical social work perspectives in order to avoid reductionism when understanding social problems.
Disentanglements
(2019) Matus Cánovas, Claudia
This chapter argues that the production of ethnographies can be a critical source for informing policy design on issues of diversity and inclusion. Ethnography from a post-representational perspective and the implications for the ways we conceptualize and represent issues of difference in school contexts and policy-making are explored. In making sense of the possibilities ethnographic research practices afford for informing policy design, the chapter engages in the exploration of new ways of thinking and researching inequalities, and the possibilities of change and transformation they might bring. I contend that the regulation of subjectivities through specific meanings of normalcy and difference leaves no opening for active politics. This chapter intends to advance on more creative ways to achieve social transformation.
Enabling mobilities: Reinterpreting concepts and tools
(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni
Inserción social y disputa cultural en la educación universitaria
(Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, 2013) Daher Hechem, Antonio; Alarcón, Marco Antonio
Esta ponencia plantea la tesis de la vocación de prójimo de las universidades católicas, y por ende su necesaria extroversión, proactiva inserción social, apertura e inclusión, y su indelegable aporte a la cultura de la solidaridad y al compromiso ciudadano. En rigor, se sostiene que, más que una mera responsabilidad social, la universidad católica tiene una verdadera "misión social y cultural". En medios secularizados, pero también de desencarnación cristiana, la tarea de las universidades católicas es a la vez de compromiso social y disputa y contradicción cultural. Frente a la fragmentación social y a la vulnerabilidad, a la indiferencia, al individualismo y a la inequidad, a las cicatrices de desamor, a la desconfianza e increencia, a la desesperanza y angustia social, la vocación de servicio y de alteridad de las universidades católicas -y su propia identidad y misióndeben traducirse en la construcción de una cultura de corresponsabilidad y comunión, contribuyendo así a configurar una sociedad más justa, más cohesionada y más fraterna.
Introduction: Schools are being produced right now
(2019) Matus Cánovas, Claudia
This chapter introduces the major theoretical frames that delineate the object of study for researching the production of normalcy in school contexts. The major intellectual exercise in this work is to trouble the discursive, material, and affective paths that define how and why we should study the intertwined relation between policy, research practice, and inequality. In this introduction, major theoretical concepts and articulations will be laid out. It will also provide a critical contextualization of where this research is developed, with a specific focus on how neoliberal economic cultures and liberal ways of understanding policy reproduce inequality. The introduction also offers a description of the coming chapters, their foci, and articulations.
Raíces de la desigualdad: Impacto de la conformación del precio inmobiliario en la segregación urbana
(Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 2019) Aguirre, Carlos; Encinas Pino, Felipe Alfonso; Truffello Robledo, Ricardo Enrique
La segregación socio residencial es uno de los grandes problemas de las ciudades chilenas. Muchos diagnósticos han avanzado en la generación de una agenda de investigación a este respecto, pero la mecánica económica que está subyacente al fenómeno ha sido un material más esquivo y poco constante en la agenda. Este trabajo busca iniciar un debate sobre la modelación económica del mercado inmobiliario y como los preceptos de la modelación – propia de un mercado en libre competencia y con las características del bien vivienda– solamente pueden generar una ciudad segregada. Las formulaciones permiten explicar el desarrollo de un mercado inmobiliario sin regulaciones, el cual en un contexto de desigualdad de ingresos solo permitiría la generación de una ciudad segregada socio espacialmente.
Socialization into Politics: Parental Position-Taking and Value Formation in Children among Elite and Non-Elite Groups
(Routledge, 2023) Gayo, Modesto; Mendez Layera, Maria Luisa
In this chapter we trace individuals’ political subjectivities back to their social background and to the parenting they received as children. In seeking the roots of political socialisation, we raise the question of possible trajectories in the future. Political socialisation is not only about transmitting and sharing similar socio-political views; it also refers to a learning process of political embodiment through practices that are context-specific. In this chapter we also analyse data on intergenerational practices of political mobilisation and ideological positioning and participation. We combine these dimensions with the political orientations/subjectivities developed in previous chapters (Networked Pragmatism, Individualised, Communitarian Individualism). New historical circumstances, even those conceived as essential parts of globalised narratives concerning common trends, cannot be framed as simple causes of worldviews at stake today. As such, neoliberal subjectivities should be explained not only as a derivation of something that happens at the macro-level, but as a fragmented and diverse dynamic that has to do significantly with the emergence of socio-political views that grow in intimate connection with pre-existing ideologies and political practices that were part of a certain habitus or generally under-scrutinised perspective of social life rooted in the histories of families.
Socio-environmental Harms in Chile Under the Restorative Justice Lens: The Role of the State
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Bolivar Fernández, Daniela; Guerra Aburto, Liliana; Martinez, Felipe
Environmental harm in Chile takes place in an economic, political, legal, and social context of extractivism. A multiscale process, extractivism involves the mobilisation of a significant amount and volume of natural resources, usually not processed, and the specialisation of areas or territories to produce one single type of product. As a policy, extractivism is encouraged by governments of different political colours from the Global South as a way to promote economic growth and social development. However, in Chile such policy has been disrespectful to nature, affecting seriously the balance of fragile ecosystems and the quality of life of populations who live already in poverty and social exclusion. In addition, environmental legislation in Chile is weak and contributes to abuses and environmental harm due to impunity. This chapter discusses the role of the state in the context of extractivist policies when considering responses to environmental harm from a restorative justice perspective. The authors suggest that the state should both recognise its own negligence and play a serious role in changing such a path in the future. However, the state as such cannot intervene as a third party in mediating between companies and communities but could promote the implementation of a collegial body, with representatives from different sectors of civil society, to identify and address environmental harm. Given the context, this chapter suggests and discusses the model of truth commissions.
Teachers’ beliefs about poverty: a barrier we must face
(IntechOpen Limited, 2022) Gómez Nocetti, Viviana; González Vallejos, María Paz; Gutiérrez Rivera, Pablo Sebastián
The poorest children have the lowest educational results, which the neoliberal model has deepened. The State transferred its responsibility to private and municipalities through supply subsidies, but the amount did not ensure quality. To solve this problem, it provides an additional subsidy for each “priority” child, demanding accountability, but with high institutional and individual consequences. But the gap remains, and teachers are held accountable for these low results. The literature shows that teachers hold beliefs that prevent them from dealing constructively with this reality. Beliefs about poverty were investigated by asking 828 teachers from low and lower-middle SES schools with standardized test scores above and below the average of similar schools to point out four characteristics of vulnerable schools. The data were analyzed by means of thematic and semantic field analysis. A shared narrative was found, independent of the type of school, attributing failure to the degraded context that surrounds it, from which the families and children come. Neoliberal policies based on accountability have intensified the work of the teacher and the constant threat has led them to self-defense. There is an urgent need to change the approach if opportunities for the poorest children are to be improved.
Worun: Feeling safer through design. Reflections on gender inequalities in women’s urban running.
(2025) Montt Blanchard, Denise; González, Sofía; Irrazabal, Fabiola; Dubois-Camacho, Karen
The Worun: Feeling Safer by Design project addresses gender-based disparities in urban running among women in Chile, presenting a design-led solution to improve safety and reduce perceived vulnerability. This mixed-method study involved 177 participants and combined in-depth interviews, autoethnographic observation, narrative cartography, and journey mapping to identify the barriers female runners face and their unmet needs. Drawing on these insights, the team co-created process a mobile application—Worun—that connects female runners based on shared preferences. Worun leverages community-building and connection to address safety concerns, highlighting the potential of human-centered design to advance gender equity and empowerment. The app was evaluated through a survey that incorporated a promotional video to simulate its use. Results suggest that the proposed solution may help reduce perceived vulnerability. The study found that all female runners experienced some level of vulnerability regardless of age, running pace, or distance. Participants reported a range of urban and social barriers, including inadequate lighting and harassment. By facilitating safer running experiences through connection and community, Worun demonstrates how design can operate as a tactical intervention to improve well-being and autonomy in public spaces. This research contributes to broader conversations on feminist and socially responsive design, emphasizing the need for context-specific solutions that address complex societal issues and support women’s active engagement in urban life.

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