Capítulos de libros

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Browsing Capítulos de libros by Subject "01 Fin de la pobreza"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Chileans in China and How They View Their Role in Public Diplomacy: Between Entrepreneurship and State Policies
    (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021) Labarca, Claudia; Werner-Wildner, Philipe
    Since the Free Trade Agreement between China and Chile took effect in 2006, a Chilean business-led diaspora has been growing in mainland China. Using a qualitative thematic analysis, and through perspectives gathered during 19 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, this chapter describes this diaspora community’s characteristics, motivations, identities, and levels of social capital. It also explores its contributions to public diplomacy efforts promoted by the Chilean government in China. By doing this, this chapter avoids the traditional focus on the political dimensions of diasporas to instead explore business-centered state-diaspora interactions.
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    Climate Change, Health, and Migration in LAC
    (Springer Cham, 2025) Batista, Carolina; Borjas-Cavero, Diego B.; Farante, Sofia Virginia; Melo Contreras, Óscar; Lescano, Andrés G.
    This chapter examines the interconnectedness of climate change, health, and migration in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A comprehensive literature review identified severe and disproportionate consequences of climate change on the health of migrants, with major impacts on vulnerable mobile groups such as indigenous peoples, children, women, and the LGBTI+ community. We analyzed the consequences of infectious diseases, such as vector-borne and neglected diseases, as well as non-communicable diseases and mental health. The findings highlight the urgent need to generate evidence on climate-induced migration at sub-regional and national level and to address the vulnerability of marginalized groups that contribute the least to greenhouse gas emissions, a matter of climate justice. Additionally, there is a need for further research on the health impacts of climate change on migrants in LAC, including those that migrate for non-climate-related reasons. These knowledge and action gaps underscore the importance of designing tailored health policies that ensure to reduce the vulnerability of migrants to health threats.
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    Introduction: Resource peripheries in the global economy
    (Springer Nature, 2021) Irarrázaval Irarrázaval, Felipe Andres; Arias Loyola, Martín
    The relation between resource extraction and the places in which extraction takes place has been a long-standing issue for academic, social and political debates. The paths through which resource extraction alter developmental dynamics, the everyday life of the local population and the environmental context have called the attention of social science since its origins. Despite the long-standing dimensions, which have been in the spotlight, contemporary political, economic and social changes demand revising the way in which resource extraction connects global production with the places where extraction occurs, here referred to as resource peripheries. This introduction critically revisits the academic debate about resource peripheries, asking to move forward from an understanding of resource peripheries as local models, towards a dynamic approach that allows grasping the socio-spatial relations that make the extraction places peripheral. For doing so, this section proposes three core dimensions that must be revisited in the research about resource peripheries: (i) changes in how contemporary capitalism is organizing production through globalized value chains; (ii) the re-scalation of political dynamics, which shape the economic organization of the places of extraction; and (iii) emergent issues, such as long-distance commuting, climate change and human rights
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    Reformulación del sistema local de protección de la infancia en el espacio comunal: prevención de la vulneración de derechos
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Centro de Políticas Públicas, 2019) Centro de Políticas Públicas UC; Domínguez Hidalgo, Carmen Aída; Muñoz Guzmán, Carolina Beatriz; Alvarado Marambio, José Tomás; Villalón, Malva; Irarrázaval, Ignacio; Piña, Elisa; Letelier, Magdalena; Jeldes, María Ignacia
    Esta propuesta de política pública plantea una reformulación de las Oficinasde Protección de Derechos (OPD), dirigida a reforzar las acciones preventivas de vulneración de derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes de estasinstancias de intervención local-comunal del país. Con el objetivo de revisarel funcionamiento de las OPD y proponer estrategias preventivas, este estudio desarrolló una amplia revisión de la bibliografía sobre prevención dederechos a nivel local, de estudios, informes y otros documentos referidos ala legislación y política local de infancia, así como de la normativa vigente,su coordinación a nivel interministerial y las reformas pendientes en la materia. Se realizaron, además, entrevistas a los equipos profesionales de 11OPD distribuidas en el centro, norte y sur de Chile, con el fin de identificarlos factores facilitadores y obstaculizadores del trabajo de prevención de lavulneración percibidos por estos actores.A partir del análisis de los datos recolectados, se elaboró una propuestade prevención que incluye: a) acciones legislativas que garanticen que cadagobierno local cuente con estrategias de prevención; b) una institucionalidadque administre a nivel local medidas preventivas que reduzcan la necesidad de protección especializada; y c) propuestas específicas de estrategiasde apoyo a la familia y la protección de sus niños y niñas. A través de estainvestigación, se busca contribuir a la prevención de la vulneración de losderechos de los niños, proponiendo medidas que favorezcan su bienestary permitan su mejor desarrollo en el seno de su familia. Esta propuesta sesitúa en el nivel de prevención primaria, que corresponde a una prevenciónuniversal, que aborda las causas sociales subyacentes del maltrato infantil enla población en general.
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    The Scales of Vulnerability. Mobility and Accessibility of the Vulnerable Active Population in Santiago de Chile
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025) Correa, Juan; Ladrón De Guevara González, Felipe Andres; Vecchio, Giovanni
    Social exclusion associated with urban mobility is a multi-scalar phenomenon. On the one hand, the possibility of accessing essential activities such as work depends on the availability of job opportunities (at the metropolitan level) as well as the availability of modal alternatives (at the neighborhood-community level); on the other hand, socioeconomic vulnerability can determine specific requirements for modes of transport—public/private, which may be less accessible in vulnerable neighborhoods. Considering these elements, the work proposes to determine the conditions of accessibility (urban and neighborhood) for workers to the public transport system in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (MAS), focusing on 40% most vulnerable households. The analysis considers urban-scale accessibility, considering average travel times in public transport, and accessibility to public transport at the neighborhood scale, considering access points, frequencies and relative times. The results show that workers from more vulnerable households have long travel times (30.1% travel more than 60 min to the city’s business center) and often live in areas with very low or low accessibility to public transport (53%). The results show that it is necessary to consider different scales to address the problem of accessibility, which affects the vulnerable active population of the city, considering that the relationship between accessibility and vulnerability allows to highlight priority areas for intervention from the public transport system and the opportunities available at the local level.