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Browsing CEDEUS by Subject "06 Clean Water and Sanitation"
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- ItemA composite indicator approach to assess the sustainability and resilience of wastewater management alternatives(2020) Sun, Y.; Garrido Baserba, M.; Molinos Senante, María; Donikian, N. A.; Poch, M.; Rosso, D.; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemChallenges in determining soil moisture and evaporation fluxes using distributed temperature sensing methods(2020) Lagos, M.; Serna, J. L.; Munoz, J. F.; Suárez Poch, Francisco Ignacio; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemDaily and seasonal variation of the surface temperature lapse rate and 0 degrees C isotherm height in the western subtropical Andes(2021) Ibáñez Reyes, María de los Ángeles; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Oberli Graf, Christian Robert; Cristián Chadwick; René D. Garreaud; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemIntegrated Water Resource Management and Energy Requirements for Water Supply in the Copiapo River Basin, Chile(MDPI, 2014) Suarez, Francisco; Munoz, Jose F.; Fernandez, Bonifacio; Dorsaz, Jean Marc; Hunter, Christian K.; Karavitis, Christos A.; Gironas, Jorge; CEDEUS (Chile)Population and industry growth in dry climates are fully tied to significant increase in water and energy demands. Because water affects many economic, social and environmental aspects, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to solve current and future water scarcity problems, and to minimize energy requirements in water production. Such a task requires integrated water modeling tools able to couple surface water and groundwater, which allow for managing complex basins where multiple stakeholders and water users face an intense competition for limited freshwater resources. This work develops an integrated water resource management model to investigate the water-energy nexus in reducing water stress in the Copiapo River basin, an arid, highly vulnerable basin in northern Chile. The model was utilized to characterize groundwater and surface water resources, and water demand and uses. Different management scenarios were evaluated to estimate future resource availability, and compared in terms of energy requirements and costs for desalinating seawater to eliminate the corresponding water deficit. Results show a basin facing a very complex future unless measures are adopted. When a 30% uniform reduction of water consumption is achieved, 70 GWh over the next 30 years are required to provide the energy needed to increase the available water through seawater desalination. In arid basins, this energy could be supplied by solar energy, thus addressing water shortage problems through integrated water resource management combined with new technologies of water production driven by renewable energy sources.
- ItemPerceptions, Tensions, and Contradictions in Timber Construction: Insights from End-Users in a Chilean Forest City(2024) Encinas, Felipe; Truffello, Ricardo; Ubilla, Mario; Aguirre-Nunez, Carlos; Schueftan, Alejandra; CEDEUS (Chile)The study addresses the underutilisation of wood in construction in Chile, particularly given the country's robust forestry sector. The research investigates perceptions, tensions, and contradictions among end-users regarding timber construction in Valdivia, a city with a mixed forestry industry. Methods included a comprehensive survey of 96 households across various socioeconomic clusters, utilising descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses. Key findings reveal persistent negative perceptions about wood's durability, fire resistance, and maintenance costs. However, positive aspects, such as lower construction costs and adequate thermal comfort, were also noted. Surprisingly, concerns were raised about wood's environmental impact, including deforestation and its role in combating climate change, contrasting with the material's known ecological benefits. The study concludes that these perceptions are deeply influenced by ideological and sociopolitical factors, suggesting that mere marketing strategies may not suffice to alter public opinion. Instead, a collaborative effort involving public policy, industry advancements, and transparent scientific communication is essential to promote the benefits of timber construction and address the entrenched biases.
- ItemUnderstanding the preferences for different types of urban greywater uses and the impact of qualitative attributes(2020) Amaris Castro, Gloria Estefany; Dawson, R.; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Hess, S.; Ortuzar, J. D.; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemUrban ecosystem Services in Latin America: mismatch between global concepts and regional realities?(2019) Dobbs, Cynnamon; Escobedo, Francisco J.; Clerici, Nicola; de la Barrera, Francisco; Eleuterio, Ana Alice; MacGregor-Fors, Ian; Reyes-Paecke, Sonia; Vasquez, Alexis; Zea Camano, Jorge Danilo; Jaime Hernandez, H.; CEDEUS (Chile)Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the most urbanized and biologically diverse regions in the world but is often characterized by weak environmental governance and socioeconomic inequalities. Given large expanses of intact biomes, a long history of pre-Colombian civilizations, and recent urbanization trends, the urban ecosystem services (UES) concept has the potential to address issues of well-being for its citizens. We review relevant regional and global literature and use expert-based knowledge to identify the state of the art of the UES concept as applicable to green spaces in LAC and elucidate three overarching guidelines for management and future research needs: 1. LAC cities can be socio-ecologically unique; 2. Drivers of UES in LAC can be different than in other regions; and 3. Context and demand need to be accounted for when valuing UES. Overall, we show that research on UES is mostly from the global north and rarely accounts for the diverse and complex socio-political and ecological drivers of LAC's urbanization processes. We find that, as in other regions, the biophysical context and land use policies play a major role on UES provision. However, socioeconomic inequalities and weak governance are key drivers in UES supply and demand in LAC. Context-specific information on how to promote, educate, and apply UES is particularly important, not only in LAC, but in other regions where inequities, rapid urbanization, and climate change effects are stressing socio-political and ecological systems and their adaptive capacities. Standardized approaches from developed countries should be used to complement - not substitute - LAC context specific approaches for studying and applying UES. We suggest that improved research funding and local governance can also provide critical strategies, information and the means for more effective management, planning, and equitable provision of UES.
- ItemUsing hybrid choice models to capture the impact of attitudes on residential greywater reuse preferences(2021) Amaris Castro, Gloria Estefany; Hess, S.; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemWater vulnerabilities mapping: a multi-criteria and multi-scale assessment in central Chile(IWA PUBLISHING, 2021) Paegelow, Martin; Quense, Jorge; Peltier, Anne; Henriquez Ruiz, Cristian; Le Goff, Lucie; Arenas Vasquez, Federico; Antoine, Jean Marc; CEDEUS (Chile)One of the major challenges that populations have to face is vulnerability to water: lack of water, flooding, pollution, hazard sensitivity and coping capacity. For the reason of economic, social and environmental inequalities, this paper focuses on water-related vulnerabilities in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago (RMS) in Chile. Our main objective is to understand, through mapping, the multiscalar logics of water vulnerability. This study is carried out at two scales: at the regional level (RMS), we proceed with open access municipal statistical data and maps, while at the local level, a more detailed analysis focussing on the Chacabuco Province is based on the same type of data but with either a higher spatial resolution (Census districts) or a spatially more intensive data processing in order to take into account intra-municipal differences. In this way, we put into perspective the discourse developed in the Chilean media and by the inhabitants of Chacabuco Province regarding the province as an environmental 'sacrifice zone' for the RMS. The vulnerability maps are carried out at different scales in a simple and reproducible way by multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). The results confirm the hypothesis of a sacrifice zone and show that high-resolution data and adequate data processing give, on average, lower vulnerability scores than using only statistical data on the municipal level. The results provide a cartographic decision support for stakeholders. Limitations of the study are discussed and required further research pointed out.