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Browsing CEDEUS by Subject "02 Hambre cero"
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- ItemA modeling approach to determining the relationship between vegetative filter strip design and sediment composition(2017) Lobo, G.; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemA simple model for estimating changes in rainfall erosivity caused by variations in rainfall patterns(2018) Lobo, Gabriel P.; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemAccessibility disturbances to the biodiversity of urban wetlands due to built environment(2022) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Sepúlveda Zúñiga, Einer Alexander; Jorquera Guajardo, Felipe Ignacio; Munizaga, Juan; Pino, Joan; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemAportes y desafíos del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA) a la conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile(Interuniversity Institute of Geography and University of Alicante, 2019) Henríquez Ruiz, Cristian Gonzalo; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de GeografíaEnvironmental impact assessment systems are preventive management instruments whose main objective is to include environmental considerations in the processes and activities accompanying economic growth in a nation. The influence of these systems in the conservation of biodiversity is fundamental, since within the evaluation process, they enable identifying and evaluating potential environmental impacts, as well as defining reparations, compensations, or mitigations. Halting the loss of biodiversity caused by human activities and climate change is a global objective. Chile is also facing this challenge, considering its status of Biodiversity Hotspot, projections associated with climate change, and the outstanding issues that the Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA) shows regarding biodiversity conservation. The latest, based on the lack of strategic view when considering issues such as the territorial scope of the environmental impacts generated by the projects, under a systemic and transversal approach. This research analyses the main changes experienced since the creation of SEIA, and compares this system with other evaluation systems used in Latin America. National statistics on investment projects potentially affecting the conservation of biodiversity are given. Two issues are addressed to guide discussion of the operational changes that should be encouraged by the Chilean government, namely: 1) internalising the importance of protecting biodiversity beyond current regulations, and; 2) introducing improvements in environmental legislation that could indirectly lead to improvements in SEIA. The research concludes on the importance of strengthening the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and its integration with the SEIA, in order to encourage better project designs by including sustainability from the beginning.
- ItemAssessing spatial dynamics of urban growth using an integrated land use model. Application in Santiago Metropolitan Area, 2010-2045(2014) Puertas, Olga Lucia; Henríquez, Cristián; Meza, Francisco Javier; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemBoron accumulation in Puccinellia frigida, an extremely tolerant and promising species for boron phytoremediation(2015) Rámila, C.; Leiva, E.; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto; Pastén González, Pablo Arturo; Pizarro Puccio, Gonzalo E.; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemLa Campana-Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve in Central Chile: threats and challenges in a peri-urban transition zone(2015) RíoLópez,Camilodel; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemChallenges and opportunities for drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) in metal-rich areas: an integrated approach(2022) Briso, Alejandro; Vega, Alejandra; Molinos Senante, María; Pasten Gonzalez, Pablo Arturo; CEDEUS (Chile)The physicochemistry and production rate of drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) depends on the raw water composition and the plant operational parameters. DWTRs usually contain Fe and/or Al oxyhydroxides, sand, clay, organic matter, and other compounds such as metal(oids), which are relevant in mining countries. This work proposes a simple approach to identify DWTRs reuse opportunities and threats, relevant for public policies in countries with diverse geochemical conditions. Raw water pollution indexes and compositions of DWTRs were estimated for Chile as a model case. About 23% of the raw drinking water sources had moderate or seriously contamination from high turbidity and metal(loid) pollution If the untapped reactivity of clean DWRTs was used to treat resources water in the same water company, the 73 and 64% of these companies would be able to treat water sources with As and Cu above the drinking water regulations, respectively. Integrating plant operational data and the hydrochemical characteristics of raw waters allows the prediction of DWTRs production, chemical composition, and reactivity, which is necessary to identify challenges and opportunities for DWTRs management.
- ItemChanges in macroaggregate stability as a result of wetting/drying cycles of soils with different organic matter and clay contents(2024) Melej, Maria Jesus; Acevedo, Sara E.; Contreras, Cristina P.; Giraldo, Carolina, V; Maurer, Tessa; Calderon, Francisco J.; Bonilla, Carlos A.; CEDEUS (Chile)The wetting-drying (WD) cycles, caused by natural or anthropogenic processes such as rainfall or irrigation, can affect many soil properties. Among these properties, soil aggregate stability has been introduced as a convenient soil health indicator because of its relation to the soil's primary particles (sand, silt, and clay) and organic matter content (OM). However, previous studies have shown erratic effects depending on soil type and WD cycle setup when measuring aggregate stability. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the soil primary particles composition and organic matter (OM) content of macroaggregates and measure the effects of WD cycles on aggregate stability. A series of soils with distinctive properties, such as OM and clay contents from five different USDA textural classes (loam, sandy loam, silty clay loam, silty loam, and clay loam) were used. Particle size distribution, OM, and mass fraction were measured in three aggregate size classes (2-1 mm, 1-0.5 mm, and 0.5-0.25 mm), and isolated aggregates were exposed to 3, 6, and 12 wetting and drying cycles. The main results indicate that soils with a high OM content have macroaggregates with finer particles, and the OM in soils is linearly related to the macroaggregate OM content. For 2-1 mm aggregates, a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of water-stable aggregates compared to the control sample (0 cycles) was observed for every cycle, with reduction values between 4.8-7.3 %. An increase was observed only between 6-12 cycles (1.84 %). Additionally, statistically significant reductions were observed after the first three cycles in 1-0.5 mm aggregates and the first six in 0.5-0.25 mm aggregates. Finally, the macroaggregates were more resistant to the WD cycles when their clay and OM contents increased or the soil pH decreased. This study provides high-resolution results of macroaggregate particle size distribution and OM. It relates them to the effects of WD cycles in water-stable aggregates and soils with different land uses.
- ItemClimate change adaptive capacity in Santiago de Chile : Creating a governance regime for sustainability planning(2013) Barton, Jonathan R.; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemCollaborative governance and the challenges of participatory climate change adaptation planning in Santiago de Chile(2015) Barton, Jonathan R.; Krellenberg, K.; Harris, J.; CEDEUS (Chile)
- Item¿Cuántas ollas comunes funcionaron en Chile durante el COVID-19?(Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2025) Valenzuela Levi, Nicolás Darío; Ponce, Javiera; Aguirre, José; Iturrieta Lobos, Danitza Andrea; CEDEUS (Chile)Este estudio concluye que, en Chile, las ollas comunes actúan como una “infraestructura desde abajo”, activada en tiempos de crisis, beneficiando a una cantidad significativa de personas, sin coordinación, ni apoyo oficial. A modo de sugerencia, las políticas públicas para la resiliencia deben integrar la organización de ollas comunes para enfrentar la inseguridad alimentaria, aprovechando su capacidad de movilizar recursos y prestar servicios solidarios a nivel de comunidad.
- ItemEffect of data availability and pedotransfer estimates on water flow modelling in wildfire-affected soils(2023) Acevedo, Sara E.; Martinez, Sofia I.; Contreras, Cristina P.; Bonilla, Carlos A.; CEDEUS (Chile)Understanding the impact of wildfires on soils exposed to fire is critical, especially in the current climate sce-nario, where an increase in the occurrence of wildfires is expected. Near-surface soil physical properties are affected by temperature increases caused by wildfires; therefore, changes in the soil water retention curve (SWRC) are expected. Parameters describing the SWRC can be obtained either by measuring or deriving using pedotransfer functions (PTF). However, PTFs have been developed using data from agricultural soils without major heating events; therefore, it is uncertain whether the estimation of parameters in fire-affected soils is reliable. This study evaluated changes in the hydraulic properties of near-surface soil due to fire during three wildfire events of different magnitudes. The objectives were: a) to identify changes in soil properties and SWRC due to wildfires, b) to assess the PTF performance (Rosetta versions 1, 2, and 3) of non-affected and fire-affected soils and (c) to evaluate changes in SWRC due to wildfires and water flow behavior changes through modelling using the HYDRUS-1D model. Decreases in organic matter (OM) and Ksat and increases in pH and bulk density (BD) were observed in fire-affected soils compared to non-affected soils. Based on sand, silt, clay, bulk density, and field capacity, Rosetta version 1 had the lowest values of root-mean-square error for the entire range of suctions, although it did not accurately estimate theta s or Ksat. Among Rosetta's estimations, Ksat showed the highest variations, which were more marked in fire-affected soils, when measured values were 15.85 cm d-1 while those estimated were 79.14 cm d-1 on average. The implications for hydrologic modelling were translated into lower annual water content and higher infiltration when using Rosetta inputs compared to inputs based on the measured SWRC.
- ItemEffects of soil heating changes on soil hydraulic properties in Central Chile(2024) Giraldo, Carolina V.; Acevedo, Sara E.; Contreras, Cristina P.; Santibanez, Fernando; Saez, Esteban; Calderon, Francisco J.; Bonilla, Carlos A.; CEDEUS (Chile)Wildfires are natural phenomena for most ecosystems on Earth. Many soil properties are impacted by fire, including soil hydraulic properties. We used a laboratory experiment to replicate the temperatures reached by a natural wildfire and documented the effects on soil hydraulic properties. This study hypothesizes that the impact of heating on soil hydrological properties can be explained by the interaction of a number of variables especially organic matter content (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), texture, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The main objective of this study is to explore the interconnections between soil hydraulic, chemical, and physical properties, focusing on understanding how these relationships change across different ecoregions and temperatures. Sixteen soils were collected across 16 sites susceptible to forest fires in the Central Zone of Chile and heated to 100 degrees C and 300 degrees C for two hours. These sites were representative of two distinct ecoregions: the Chilean Matorral (CM) and the Valdivian Temperate Forests (VTF). Chemical, physical, and hydraulic soil properties were measured before and after heating. At 100 degrees C, there were no significant changes in chemical, physical, or hydraulic soil properties. At 300 degrees C, significant changes were observed in most soil properties in soils from both ecoregions. The OM content and CEC decreased, whereas pH and electrical conductivity increased. In addition, clay content and water aggregate stability (WSA) decreased, while all hydraulic properties increased their values. The aforementioned results demonstrate that infiltration increased after the soil was heated. This can be attributed primarily to decreases in clay content. At the same time, the water repellency (R) index decreased, allowing water to more easily wet the soil particles. Correlations revealed that CEC and clay are the main factors ruling soil hydraulic properties at all temperatures. Clay mineralogy also contributes to the soil hydraulic behavior observed. Nonlinear models were developed to estimate hydraulic properties at 100 degrees C and 300 degrees C, using the main soil properties. The models illustrated that the soils of the CM ecoregion, which are characterized by lower OM and influence of clay/CEC ratio, would be less affected by fire compared to the soils of VTF. The water holding capacity would decrease in both ecoregions. However, due to the greater changes in OM and clay in VTF, the impact would be greater than in CM.1
- ItemEnvironmental controls and long-term changes on carbon stocks under agricultural lands(2019) Ramirez, Paulina B.; Calderon, Francisco J.; Fonte, Steven J.; Bonilla, Carlos A.; CEDEUS (Chile)Improved understanding of changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is critical for developing strategies that ensure effective climate change mitigation and the long-term productivity. Changes in SOC are likely to vary across soil and climate conditions, yet long-term data to elucidate these trends across different ecosystems remains limited. In this study we evaluated long-term changes in SOC across a gradient of climate conditions (from arid to hyper humid), soil orders, and land uses (non-cultivated, woody perennial, and cultivated) in central Chile. Thus, we sought to find evidence for SOC changes in the agricultural lands over past three or four decades. Surface soils (8-29 cm depth) were sampled between 2014 and 2016 and analyzed for total C and N content, aggregate stability, texture, bulk density, pH as well as spectral properties using Mid-infrared (MidIR) and Near-infrared spectroscopy. SOC stocks were compared to those previously measured at the same sites between 1968 and 1994, covering a wide range of SOC values (from 12 Mg C ha(-1) to 128 Mg C ha(-1)). Our findings show that the largest SOC losses occurred in semiarid and subhumid areas for the time frame considered, decreasing from their initial C stocks by 24.7% and 26.1%, respectively. Moreover, cultivated soils in semiarid regions were more vulnerable than those in arid regions to SOC losses. The results also indicated that in cooler and humid regions, SOC stocks were stable or increased over time. Among soil orders, Mollisols showed the largest losses (29.9% reduction between sampling dates). The MidIR results indicate that the mineral bands for clays and silicates were associated with these sites demonstrating SOC conservation, suggesting that mineral protection played an important role in the long-term SOC storage in semiarid areas. This study provides a better understanding of temporal changes of SOC to address the restoration of degraded land and adaptation for future trends in global change.
- ItemEvaluating Spatial Scenarios for Sustainable Development in Quito, Ecuador(2020) Esthela Salazar; Henriquez Ruiz, Cristian Gonzalo; Richard Sliuzas; Jorge Qüense; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemExploring temporal dynamics of urban ecosystem services in Latin America: the case of Bogota (Colombia) and Santiago (Chile)(2018) Dobbs, Cynnamon; Hernandez-Moreno, A.; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Miranda, Marcelo; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemFrom Multi-Risk Evaluation to Resilience Planning: The Case of Central Chilean Coastal Cities(2019) Barria, Pilar; Luisa Cruzat, Maria; Cienfuegos, Rodrigo; Gironas, Jorge; Escauriaza Mesa, Cristian Rodrigo; Bonilla, Carlos; Moris, Roberto; Ledezma, Christian; Guerra, Maricarmen; Rodriguez, Raimundo; Torres, Alma; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemGermination requirements of the extremely boron-tolerant species, Puccinellia frigida(2017) Ramila, C.; Guilleminot, P.; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto; Pizarro Puccio, Gonzalo E.; Contreras E., Samuel; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemHydrogeological characterization of the Silala River catchment(2023) Carolina Gómez; Suarez Poch, Francisco; Sebastián García; José F. Muñoz; CEDEUS (Chile)