I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales

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Building Resilient Communities: The Environmental Observatory for Mining Projects and Climate Change Indicators
(2023) Bergamini Ladron De Guevara, Kay Joaquin; Piroska Ángel; Vanessa Rugiero; José Ignacio Medina; Katherine Mollenhauer
Forma urbana e infraestructura social: el Anillo Interior y el Parque Inundable de la Aguada para un Santiago de Chile Resiliente
(Ministerio de Fomento, 2022) Rosas-Vera J.; Bannen-Lanata P.; Moris-Iturrieta R.
© 2022, Ministerio de Fomento. All rights reserved.The valley in Santiago de Chile is crossed by the Zanjón de la Aguada, a natural wadi of rainwa-ter, agricultural channels and sewage of the city. In much of its urban history, on the periphery of the center, it was constituted as an inner frontier border, vulnerable and stigmatized by slums, industrial zones and recurrent floods. In 2001, a regeneration process began with a focus on the transformation of pericen-tral areas lagging behind the modernization process, named Inner Ring of Santiago, which includes the transformation of the Zanjón into the Aguada Flood Park. Its design strengthens metropolitan capacities in the face of flood risk and requalifies the quality of the adjacent public space, becoming a benchmark for social infrastructure and resilience. An opportunity for the metropolis to navigate its future challenges: achieving a better balance with its environment and better social cohesion.
Nature-Based Solutions as Critical Urban Infrastructure for Water Resilience
(Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023) McPhillips, Lauren; Wu, Hong; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Rosenzweig, Bernice; Sauer, Jason R.; Winfrey, Brandon
Nature-based solutions (NBS) are key for managing water resources, as well as providing many other benefits. While traditionally “gray” highly engineered strategies have been used to manage water in urban areas, we articulate the role that NBS can play in managing water related to flooding, drought, and water quality challenges. Specifically, NBS for water can range from hybrid ecological-technological features explicitly engineered to manage stormwater to other designed or intact natural features such as wetlands or parks that may provide water management as a co-benefit. Criteria are reviewed for choosing the best NBS for the intended goal(s), and we showcase several case examples of NBS for water resilience from around the world. Remaining knowledge gaps for NBS for water implementation include space challenges, changes in performance over time, and incorporation of NBS that are not explicitly engineered for water management into existing management and regulatory frameworks.
Perceptions, Tensions, and Contradictions in Timber Construction: Insights from End-Users in a Chilean Forest City
(2024) Encinas, Felipe; Truffello, Ricardo; Ubilla, Mario; Aguirre-Nunez, Carlos; Schueftan, Alejandra; CEDEUS (Chile)
The study addresses the underutilisation of wood in construction in Chile, particularly given the country's robust forestry sector. The research investigates perceptions, tensions, and contradictions among end-users regarding timber construction in Valdivia, a city with a mixed forestry industry. Methods included a comprehensive survey of 96 households across various socioeconomic clusters, utilising descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses. Key findings reveal persistent negative perceptions about wood's durability, fire resistance, and maintenance costs. However, positive aspects, such as lower construction costs and adequate thermal comfort, were also noted. Surprisingly, concerns were raised about wood's environmental impact, including deforestation and its role in combating climate change, contrasting with the material's known ecological benefits. The study concludes that these perceptions are deeply influenced by ideological and sociopolitical factors, suggesting that mere marketing strategies may not suffice to alter public opinion. Instead, a collaborative effort involving public policy, industry advancements, and transparent scientific communication is essential to promote the benefits of timber construction and address the entrenched biases.
Regulation and Protection of Urban Wetlands: A Comparative Analysis in Chile, Colombia, and Peru
(Springer, 2024) Moschella, Paola; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Aldana-Domínguez, Juanita; Stamm, Caroline Andre; Velásquez, Carlos Javier; Capera, Ingrid
Latin American countries have a set of legal instruments and public policies that contribute to the protection of urban wetlands against the pressure of city expansion that threatens their extent and quality. With the aim of discussing the role of public policies and regulations in the protection of urban wetlands, the situation in Chile, Colombia, and Peru is analyzed in a comparative manner. These countries are examples of diverse regulations and wetland biodiversity in urban environments. Legal instruments for environmental protection and conservation, spatial planning, and urban planning relevant to the management of urban wetlands are analyzed. In addition, advances in regulation and protection of urban wetlands are evaluated and contrasted based on national-level indicators. The lack of effective protection measures is demonstrated. The three countries have adhered to the Ramsar Convention to protect their wetlands and have established Ramsar sites; however, their existence does not stop the pressures and threats to the wetlands. It is identified that Peru has a larger surface area of Ramsar sites and that Colombia has the most extensive Ramsar urban wetland. It is highlighted that Chile has a recent urban wetlands law, while in Colombia and Peru the category of urban wetland does not exist in legislation. Meanwhile, in the protected natural areas, urban wetlands practically have no presence. Among the main weaknesses are the disarticulation between sectors and planning scales; in addition to outdated planning instruments regarding current challenges such as climate change, the water crisis, and the loss of biodiversity.
Spatial interactions between perceived biophilic values and neighborhood typologies in urban wetlands
(2024) Villagra, Paula; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Rojas, Octavio; Alves, Susana; CEDEUS (Chile)
Wetlands provide a wide range of ecosystem services; however, little is known about their perception value or use for improving urban planning and wetland management. This study explores the perception values towards the Los Batros Wetland in Chile, by inhabitants from different neighborhood typologies. A sample of 457 responses evaluated the wetland by applying the Kellert framework of 9 biophilic values using a Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) approach. A spatial autocorrelation analysis with hotspot revealed that the spatial distribution of biophilic values varies by neighborhood typology. Subsequent ANOVA and T-test suggest that such distribution is affected by perceived accessibility and visitation purposes, and is influenced by socio-demographic aspects that vary among neighborhood typology. Inhabitants of the garden city typology located next to the wetland area, whose residents have higher education and income levels and who have easy and moderate access to the wetland, agreed with a diverse type of biophilic values. In the garden city, the ecologistic-scientific value has the higher spatial concentration. In the condominium typology, with similar education and income levels and accessibility, but situated far from the wetland, there was less agreement with biophilic values, and these were more dispersed, i.e. biophilic values are less representative. In this case, the aesthetic value prevails over others. At the north area of the neighborhood unit, where residents had lower education and income levels along with moderate to difficult physical access to the wetland, but they developed horticultural activities alongside the wetland, inhabitants agree with various biophilic values, highlighting its symbolic value. Conversely, biophilic values of people in the favela were not in agreement nor disagreement, regardless they have similar physical access and distance to the wetland as residents in the condominium typology, but have the lowest income and education level. Findings suggest that effective wetlands management requires appreciation of the clusters of values assigned to wetland environments, which in this case relate to neighborhood typologies. These clusters should be considered when planning to restore, protect, and improve urban wetlands.
Urban development versus wetland loss in a coastal Latin American city : lessons for sustainable land use planning
(2019) Rojas, Carolina; Munizaga, Juan; Rojas, Octavio; Martínez; Reyes, Carolina del Pilar; Pino, Joan
Urban Wetland Losses and Land-Use Conservation Challenges in Three Latin American Cities
(Springer, 2024) Aldana-Domínguez, Juanita; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Munizaga, Juan; Moschella, Paola; Stamm, Caroline Andre; Martínez, Carolina
Wetlands are valuable and threatened ecosystems throughout the world. They are essential for the maintenance of life and ecological balance, in addition to providing a larger number of benefits to human societies. Wetlands reduce the risk of flooding by regulating the flow of water, being essential to reduce the impacts of climate change, especially along the coasts and coastal cities of the world. Urban growth poses a risk to wetlands in and around urban areas. In this work, we quantify the loss trends of wetlands in urban areas in three Latin American countries between the years 2002 and 2019. We selected as case studies the wetlands of Aconcagua in Chile, Ciénaga de Mallorquín in Colombia, and Pantanos de Villa in Peru. Through multitemporal analysis of Quickbird satellite imagery collections, we classify land covers at 2.5-m resolution and identify areas covered by wetland. We quantify the losses and gains of the wetland areas and the areas surrounding them. We found that the three wetlands analyzed lost area, confirming the worldwide trend of loss. The Ciénaga de Mallorquín wetland was the one that decreased the most due to coastal dynamics and urbanization. The Pantanos de Villa wetland reduced its area due to the increase in urban areas that grew filling the wetland under the pressure of informal settlements and beach condominiums. Lastly, the Aconcagua wetland was reduced due to the increase in grasslands together with the increase in bare soil, also affecting the beaches and dunes. In all three case studies, urban wetlands decreased due to urban growth. For this reason, we call attention to the urgency of improving urban planning to ensure the maintenance of these key ecosystems to ensure more sustainable and resilient cities, as proposed by Sustainable Development Goal 11.

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Browsing I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales by Subject "06 Agua limpia y saneamiento"

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