I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales
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Browsing I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales by Subject "01 Fin de la pobreza"
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- ItemApproaching urban vulnerability to climate change induced risks in socio-environmentally fragmented areas – The case of Santiago de Chile(Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), 2015) Krellenberg, Kerstin; Link Lazo, Felipe Alejandro; Welz, Juliane; Barth, Katrin; Harris Jordan, Michael; Irarrázaval Irarrázaval, Felipe Andres; Valenzuela, FelipeThe present report contains the results of the initial working steps of the CLAVE project which is a) the theoretical combination of fragmentation and vulnerability, and b) the development of a methodology for assessing socio-environmental fragmentation and residential vulnerability in order to enhance the overall knowledge of urban vulnerability. This is seen as the primary prerequisite for the subsequent elaboration and implementation of local adaptation measures. The different methodological steps and in-depth analyses to be undertaken are described by using selected municipalities within the MAS. Chapter 2 focuses on describing the underlying problem of linking the theoretical approaches of fragmentation and vulnerability from a general point of view. Existing approaches presented by other authors are discussed, in order to link as well as distinguish the work presented here with/from others. Chapter 3 shows how the concepts of fragmentation and vulnerability are interlinked from the project’s point of view. Chapter 4 describes the theoretical background of climate change adaptation and adaptive capacity in order to allow a better understanding of both the CLAVE project approach and its application. The case study, the MAS, is described and illustrated in Chapter 5 by providing a general overview of the city together with existing findings with regard to fragmentation and vulnerability. This chapter thereby explains the context in which the approach is to be applied. Chapter 6 presents the project’s methodological framework with its three-stage approach as an integrated assessment of urban vulnerability to climate change. Options for validating the approach are likewise discussed. Chapter 7 summarizes the main conclusions and provides an outlook by describing success stories and lessons learned for validating the theoretical approach. The development of strategies to deal with future climate change in these and other regions worldwide is discussed.
- ItemConflictos, autopistas urbanas y discursos sobre la (in)justicia en Santiago de Chile(2016) Stamm, Caroline AndreLa lucha contra la construcción de autopistas urbanas ha sido un caso emblemático de la movilización ciudadana postdictadura en la capital chilena, dando lugar a un debate sobre la justicia en la ciudad. Considerando que lo que distingue la desigualdad de la injusticia es que haya alguien para protestar o por lo menos constatar que esta desigualdad no es justa, nos enfocamos en estudiar los discursos y representaciones de la justicia. En este artículo analizamos, a partir del caso del proyecto de autopista Vespucio Oriente en Santiago de Chile, cómo se ha movilizado y ha ido evolucionando la noción de (in)justo en los discursos publicados en medios de prensa escritos.
- ItemDesigualdades socioterritoriais e mobilidades cotidianas nas metrópoles de América Latina: uma comparação entre Bogotá, Santiago de Chile e São Paulo(2013) Demoraes, Florent; Gouëset, Vincent; Piron, Marie; Figueroa, Oscar; Zioni, SilvanaNa América Latina, não é fácil comparar as cidades conforme suas mobilidades cotidianas, em razão da dificuldade de dispor de fontes confiáveis em uma escala “funcional”, ou que levem em conta as áreas metropolitanas em sua totalidade e não apenas as cidades centrais. É o caso deste artigo, cujo objetivo é explorar metodologias analíticas para comparar a possível relação entre a localização residencial, condição social e padrões de mobilidades cotidianas através dos deslocamentos domicílio-trabalho em três metrópoles latinoamericanas – Bogotá, Santiago do Chile e São Paulo– estudadas no escopo da Pesquisa Metal. Neste artigo, propomos responder as seguintes perguntas: quais são as diferenças e semelhanças nos padrões de mobilidade cotidiana nas três metrópoles? Como estes padrões se articulam às condições sociais da população? E qual é o aporte da abordagem territorial da mobilidade cotidiana em relação às análises clássicas centradas nos indivíduos ou nas famílias? O artigo faz inicialmente uma apresentação dos dados utilizados e da metodologia comparativa adotada. Em seguida, apresentamos as principais características das três metrópoles e suas ofertas de transporte. Em uma terceira parte, analisamos para cada uma das três cidades os deslocamentos domicílio-trabalho e suas variações em função da composição social dos diferentes setores das áreas metropolitanas. Finalmente, propomos uma síntese que ressalta as semelhanças e as diferenças observadas.
- ItemHabitar, pertenecer y participar: actitud hacia el barrio y participación ciudadana en Santiago de Chile(2021) Vecchio, Giovanni; Huerta Olivares, Consuelo Macarena; Luengo Kanacri Bernadette PaulaTratándose del entorno espacial más cercano al individuo, diferentes disciplinas se han aproximado al barrio para investigar su rol en distintas manifestaciones de la participación ciudadana. En este trabajo nos preguntamos si la actitud hacia el propio barrio puede ser un predictor de participación ciudadana. El objetivo de este estudio, además, es investigar si la eventual participación resultante es de tipo cívico o político. Para investigar el tema, desarrollamos un análisis descriptivo de datos referidos a percepción barrial y participación ciudadana en Santiago de Chile. Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencias de cuánto la dimensión social del barrio (sentido de pertenencia, capital social y sociabilidad) es un antecedente de la participación cívica, primariamente, y política en segundo nivel.
- Item¿Indígena campesino o indígena urbano? Aproximaciones desde los procesos de movilidad mapuche en la ciudad intermedia de Temuco (Chile)(2020) Salazar Preece, Gonzalo; Riquelme Maulén, Wladimir Esteban; Zúñiga Becerra, Paulina Belén; CEDEUS (Chile)Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar aspectos relevantes del “ser indígena campesino en la ciudad” mediante procesos de movilidad. Específicamente, se ocupa de prácticas y significados de movilidad mapuche, que ponen en conexión a la ciudad de Temuco y sus localidades circundantes Maquehue y Labranza (región de La Araucanía, Chile), ambas con alta presencia de comunidades indígenas. Identificamos que la dicotomía entre ser indígena campesino y ser indígena urbano requiere un descentramiento teórico que contextualice los espacios en que habita y se mueve la población indígena. Investigamos los procesos de movilidad mapuche por medio de la integración entre instrumentos etnográficos -observación etnográfica y entrevistas en profundidad- y métodos móviles. Registramos los flujos de personas en el transporte público del sistema urbano-territorial de Temuco y realizamos la técnica del sombreo con personas mapuche durante su movilidad cotidiana. Esta integración, que definimos como etnografía en movilidad, se sostiene por medio de la articulación interdisciplinar entre antropología y geografía, y nos permite adentrarnos en los procesos de movilidad mapuche campesina en conexión con la ciudad. Como resultado de esto, surgen tres aproximaciones a partir de las cuales sostenemos los resultados: espacialidades, temporalidades e identidades. Concluimos que el análisis de los procesos de movilidad permite comprender el significado de ser indígena campesino en la ciudad, al trascender las dicotomías entre lo rural y lo urbano que han imperado en los estudios indígenas. El artículo profundiza en las dinámicas de lo indígena campesino, desde los procesos de movilidad, e innova metodológicamente al articular datos etnográficos y socioespaciales que hacen posible superar la imperante visión estática y dualista con la que se ha estudiado a las poblaciones indígenas en proceso de urbanización.
- ItemIntroduction: Resource peripheries in the global economy(Springer Nature, 2021) Irarrázaval Irarrázaval, Felipe Andres; Arias Loyola, MartínThe relation between resource extraction and the places in which extraction takes place has been a long-standing issue for academic, social and political debates. The paths through which resource extraction alter developmental dynamics, the everyday life of the local population and the environmental context have called the attention of social science since its origins. Despite the long-standing dimensions, which have been in the spotlight, contemporary political, economic and social changes demand revising the way in which resource extraction connects global production with the places where extraction occurs, here referred to as resource peripheries. This introduction critically revisits the academic debate about resource peripheries, asking to move forward from an understanding of resource peripheries as local models, towards a dynamic approach that allows grasping the socio-spatial relations that make the extraction places peripheral. For doing so, this section proposes three core dimensions that must be revisited in the research about resource peripheries: (i) changes in how contemporary capitalism is organizing production through globalized value chains; (ii) the re-scalation of political dynamics, which shape the economic organization of the places of extraction; and (iii) emergent issues, such as long-distance commuting, climate change and human rights
- ItemResource Peripheries in the Global Economy: Networks, Scales and Places of Extraction(Springer Nature, 2021) Irarrázaval Irarrázaval, Felipe; Arias-Loyola, Martín; Ciccantell, Paul S.; Scholvin, Sören; Dodge, Alexander; Martinus, Kirsten; Loginova, Julia; Sigler, Thomas; Kotilainen, Juha; Giraudo, Maria Eugenia; Watts, Michael John; Bustos, Beatriz; Ramírez, María Inés; Rudolf, Marco; Atienza, Miguel; Irarrázaval Irarrázaval, Felipe; Arias-Loyola, MartínThis book discusses the conditions that underpin configuration of specific places as resource peripheries and the consequences that such a socio-spatial formation involves for those places. The book thereby provides an interdisciplinary approach underpinned by economic geography, political ecology, resource geography, development studies and political geography. It also discusses the different technological, political and economic changes that make the ongoing production of resource peripheries a distinctive socio-spatial formation under the global economy. Through a global and interdisciplinary perspective that uncovers ongoing political processes, socio-economic changes and socio-ecological dynamics at resource peripheries, this book argues that it is critical to take a more profound appraisal about the socio-spatial processes behind the contemporary way in which capitalism is appropriating and transforming nature.
- ItemThe Scales of Vulnerability. Mobility and Accessibility of the Vulnerable Active Population in Santiago de Chile(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025) Correa, Juan; Ladrón De Guevara González, Felipe Andres; Vecchio, GiovanniSocial exclusion associated with urban mobility is a multi-scalar phenomenon. On the one hand, the possibility of accessing essential activities such as work depends on the availability of job opportunities (at the metropolitan level) as well as the availability of modal alternatives (at the neighborhood-community level); on the other hand, socioeconomic vulnerability can determine specific requirements for modes of transport—public/private, which may be less accessible in vulnerable neighborhoods. Considering these elements, the work proposes to determine the conditions of accessibility (urban and neighborhood) for workers to the public transport system in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (MAS), focusing on 40% most vulnerable households. The analysis considers urban-scale accessibility, considering average travel times in public transport, and accessibility to public transport at the neighborhood scale, considering access points, frequencies and relative times. The results show that workers from more vulnerable households have long travel times (30.1% travel more than 60 min to the city’s business center) and often live in areas with very low or low accessibility to public transport (53%). The results show that it is necessary to consider different scales to address the problem of accessibility, which affects the vulnerable active population of the city, considering that the relationship between accessibility and vulnerability allows to highlight priority areas for intervention from the public transport system and the opportunities available at the local level.