Capítulos de libros

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Animals and leisure experiences in wild protected areas in central-south Chile
(CABI International, 2025) Ried Luci, Roberto Andrés; Benavides Medina, Sebastián Pelayo
This chapter proposes a critical reflection about the roles that non-human animals play in leisure experiences in wild protected areas, connected to the construction of 'sense of place' and conceptual understandings of nature. It is based on two studies carried out separately, in the El Cañi Sanctuary, the Huerquehue National Park, the Conguillio National Park and the Villarrica National Park, in La Araucanía region. Although wild protected areas in Chile (South America) have experienced a sustained increase in visitors in recent decades, in most cases the appeal of leisure activities in these spaces seems to be strongly connected to the attractiveness of their landscapes, apparently unrelated to the observation and interaction with non-human animals.
Argumentations and Logic
(Birkhäuser, 2024) Correia, Manuel
This paper comments on John Corcoran’s “Argumentations and Logic,” in which his author proposes that logic is the study of argumentations. Since this view challenges the traditional hylomorphic interpretation of logic as the study of formal arguments, which he identifies to Quine’s definition as the systematic studies of tautologies, and it makes difficult to distinguish logic from the contemporary theory of argumentation, I have opened a third alternative proposing to distinguish argument from argumentation through a renewal of the ancient quinquepartite doctrine saying that any logical argument contains the minimal parts for being conclusive, while any argumentation also contains the proof that make either credible or valid the premises of an argument.
Conclusions and recommendations
(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Manen, Saskia M. van; Kremer Ramírez, Klaus Nicolás; Jaenichen, Claudine; Lin, Tingyi S.; Ramírez Andersen, Rodrigo Andrés
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts of the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book emphasizes the importance of structurally including design in all of its guises, methodologies and perspectives as standard practice in emergency management. It points out, in order to enable design for emergency management, a broader culture of design needs to become established within government agencies. The book offers suggestions of partners who can be engaged in co-designing, such as for-profit entities in the retail sector. It also offers another creative solution to this conundrum by showcasing the value of collaborating with higher education institutes. The book examines how to mobilize people by showcasing the interplay of various communication aspects, that is text, imagery, and an auditory component, which work in harmony to foreground urgency in a warning, and are intended to assist the audience in sense making and subsequent action taking.
Cosmopolitical interventions: Prototyping interspecies encounters for more than human futures
(Intellect, 2021) Tironi Rodo, Martín Carlos; Hermansen Ulibarri, Pablo Ignacio
Diamond-like Carbon coatings for artificial implants
(Wiley, 2025) Rothammer, Benedict; Marian, Max
This chapter delves into the enhancement of implant performance through diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, recognized for their exceptional mechanical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, making them ideal for various biomedical applications. The chapter focuses on orthopedic applications, where DLC coatings improve wear resistance and longevity of implants, and promote osteointegration by enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. In dental implants, DLC coatings boost biocompatibility and reduce infection risk, while also enhancing the durability of orthodontic brackets. This chapter details the requirements for DLC coatings in artificial implants and reviews their use in load bearing and dental implants, respectively. The chapter concludes with a summary of findings and identifies future research challenges, emphasizing the need for translating model-level advancements to component-level applications and addressing the reproducibility issues in dental applications. Overall, DLC coatings show significant potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce revision surgeries, and enhance comfort in both orthopedic and dental medicine.
Experimental Analysis of Helix Aspersa Shell as Cementitious Material
(Springer, 2024) Campos-Cortes, María José; Brescia-Norambuena, Leonardo; Retamoso, Claudia; Escalona Burgos, Néstor Guillermo
The high environmental impact of the cement industry demands the study of new cementitious materials. Often supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash or silica fume are used; however, the depletion of raw materials encourages the assessment of new sources. Due to the high calcium content of snail shells, this research explored the use of crushed powder of Helix Aspersa to replace cement, evaluating its use at different percentages of replacement in weight (0, 5, and 10%), calcination temperature (0, 450, and 900 °C) and water-cementitious materials ratios (0.35, 0.40, and 0.45). The results included analysing setting time, compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, and shrinkage. Results indicated that snail shells (i) create an expansion during the first days (~15%), reaching similar values at 28 days, (ii) decrease the water absorption at calcination temperatures ≥450 °C, and (iii) slightly reduce the flexural strength (~16% in average) and compressive strength (~10% in average). As the main decrement of the responses is at a low w/cm ratio, it is expected that calcined snail shells offer the opportunity to save cement and pollution from the construction industry.
Frontline implementation conditions of the Families programme: Labour precarity and territorial gaps as aspects of weak state institutions in Chile
(Policy Press, 2024) Reininger, Taly; Muñoz Arce, Gianinna; Villalobos, Cristóbal; Duboy Luengo, Mitzi
This chapter analyses the implementation conditions of one of Chile’s central social protection system programmes: the Families programme. Successor to the Puente Programme (2002–2011) and the Ethical Family Income (2011–2016), the Families programme consists of preferential access to state social programmes, conditional and unconditional cash transfers, and a psychosocial support component for families living in situations of extreme poverty. This programme is Chile’s most significant state action in the ‘fight against poverty’. However, despite almost 20 years of experience, the highly precarious working conditions of the professionals who implement the programme and the territorial differences in implementation conditions are critical and persistent issues discussed in this chapter. Based on the findings from 17 individual and six group interviews with frontline professionals who implement the Families programme in six municipalities and the descriptive results of a nationally representative survey of frontline professionals implementing the programme, we discuss how weak institutions – specifically administrative/organisational and professional factors – contribute to undesired policy outcomes. We conclude the chapter by reflecting on the challenges of implementing social policies in weak institutional contexts and suggest recommendations for policymakers. Keywords
Huasco Wetland Observatory. Promoting the Environmental and Cultural Values of Urban Coastal Wetlands in the Atacama Desert
(Springer, 2025) Moreno Flores, Osvaldo; Arizaga Soto, Ana Ximena
Coastal wetlandsCoastal wetlands in the Atacama DesertAtacama desert constitute important systems that are characterized not only by their landscapeLandscape beauty and the exceptional biodiversity they harbor, but also by their important role as ecological infrastructure that provides key ecosystem servicesServices for sustainable development, resilienceResilience, and adaptability to climate change of territories and communities. At the same time, these are understood as the expression of broader and more complex ecological systems, related to regional hydrology and to migratory movements of birds on a continental scale. From a socio-ecological perspective, wetlands are vital ecosystems for human survival, as they represent some of the most productive environmentsEnvironment in the world: they are cradles of biological diversity, sources of water and primary productivity on which countless plant and animal species depend for survival. Despite the above, these systems are commonly exposed to severe threats and impacts to their components and functions that affect not only the ecology of wetlands, but also the quality of life for surrounding communities. This chapter examines, based on the case study of the wetland at the mouth of the Huasco river, the approaches and strategies of landscape architectureLandscape Architecture for enhancing the visibilityVisibility and conservationConservation of the environmental and cultural values of urban coastal wetlandsCoastal wetlands in the Atacama DesertAtacama desert, implemented through a co-productionCo-production process with local communities and key stakeholders. The resulting initiative, known as Huasco Wetland Observatory, conceived as a spaceSpace for mediation between the ecology of the wetland, the local community, and visitors, by activating an in-situ dissemination area that provides scientific and didactic information, thus contributing to the understanding of this important landscapeLandscape.
Introduction - Exploring avenues for the transformation of teaching and learning English in Chile
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Barahona, Malba; Veliz, Leonardo; Darwin, Stephen; Barahona, Malba; Veliz, Leonardo; Darwin, Stephen
This chapter introduces the context and key issues explored in the book, providing a critical overview of each of the chapters. It begins by outlining the historical and contemporary landscape of English language teaching (ELT) in Chile, and then moving to consider how English was integrated into the national curriculum. A critical reality—the persistent socio-economic disparities affecting language acquisition and proficiency—is considered in the context of the persistence of neoliberal educational policies that have led to pronounced levels of school segregation and inequitable resource allocation. Reflecting on the inequities and social injustices in English language education, the chapter details the editors’ collective commitment in developing the volume to critically analysing contemporary ELT practices and exploring prospective opportunities for transformative change. The chapter emphasises that this work can act as a potential catalyst for practitioners, educators, and scholars to use these insights, experiences, and innovations to foster critical dialogue on curriculum, policy, and pedagogical practices with an orientation toward transformative change.
Looking from the outside in: Action research in initial language teacher education
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Barahona, Malba; Darwin, Stephen; Burns, Anne; Dikilitaş, Kenan
© 2025 selection and editorial matter, Anne Burns and Kenan Dikilitas. All rights reserved.In this chapter, we critically explore the potential of action research (AR) for initial language teacher education programmes. In considering the foundations of AR, we assess how these relate to the challenges faced by pre-service teachers as they seek to navigate the language classroom. One of the key challenges we identify is the pre-service teacher as the 'outsider' and the dynamic this creates in building trust and change, often under the already difficult pressures of practicum teaching experiences. Further, using a case study from Latin America, we argue that the democratic-collaborative foundations of AR are also not necessarily suited to all teaching environments, particularly those where more vertical, directive forms of education practice prevail, and teaching conditions are highly challenging. We conclude the chapter by offering some critical questions for teacher educators to consider in designing pre-service teacher research and encourage a more nuanced understanding of the value of situated research for initial language teacher education.
Mainstreaming voluntary marine conservation programs: Insights from TURF-Reserves
(Open Book Publishers, 2025) Gelcich Crossley, Stefan; Donlan, Josh Donlan; Lagos, Benjamin; Sanchez Grez, Rodrigo; Estevez, Rodrigo A.
Stefan Gelcich, C. Josh Donlan, Benjamin Lagos, Rodrigo Sanchez Grez, and Rodrigo A. Estévez, present the case for voluntary marine conservation programs in which local fishers are granted property rights to manage their local fisheries. This case is classic in marine conservation and related to TURF-Reserves in Chile. Territorial Use Rights Fisheries grant local fishing communities rights to assess and manage their own fisheries and to benefit from more sustainable management decisions. This case and other like cases around the globe have been most often applied to relatively sedentary benthic resources like mollusks and crustaceans. This and other cases show the power of Elinor Ostrom’s theories and the flaws in Garrett Hardin’s tragedy of the commons.
Mapocho Wetlands Bioroutes: Itineraries Proposal and Participatory Records
(Springer, 2024) Iturriaga del Campo, Sandra; Rojas Quezada, Carolina
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.This chapter presents a set of generative experiences that seek to value the Mapocho River and its wetland system in Santiago de Chile, based on the formulation of a set of itineraries and participatory records. These experiences were carried out within the framework of the research “Mapocho Downstream. Visual Atlas for the Revaluation of the Riverside Heritage and Landscape”, carried out by Mapocho 42K Lab UC between the years 2021 and 2023, led by the architect Sandra Iturriaga and integrated by the landscape architects Raúl Brito, Yohanna Carvajal and Aníbal Retamal. The main objective was to revalue the natural and cultural heritage of the Mapocho River in its downstream section, characterized by a condition of ecological corridor and riverside wetland. As part of the methodology addressed in the research, an exploratory and empirical experience was approached, which addressed the design, realization, and record of a set of itineraries and potential tours around the wetlands as generative experiences, which the research developed under the concept of Mapocho River Wetlands Bioroutes. These experiences were carried out under a participatory approach that links art and citizen science, in conjunction with local organizations and a collective of artists, with the aim of generating a tour experience that allows to know the value of the riverside wetlands from the interaction and perception of people with the environment and consider the value of these experiences for the potential implementation of tours in the wetlands. What is presented below is the conceptualization and methodology addressed to carry out these participatory experiences, and mainly the record and its systematization as the main methodological tool for verifying the value of the wetlands from the perception of those who carried out the experiences of the Bioroutes.
Media Education Challenges in a Digital Society: The Case of Chile
(Wiley, 2021) Condeza, Ana Rayén; Gálvez Johnson, Myrna; Herrada Hidalgo, Nadia; Fernández Medina, Francisco Javier
The executive council of UNESCO claims that media and information literacy (MIL) constitutes a concern for the entire world, due to the primary role of information, technology, and media in everyday life and in participating in every aspect of public life. However, in Chile, media education (ME) is not included in the school curriculum or in teacher training at universities. This chapter discusses the opportunities for ME in Chile. The Chile government is reviewing the digital agenda and has deployed five axes: developing a normative frame for the digital environment, expanding quality digital connectivity, digital government, promoting the development of a digital economy, and education quality. Some initiatives exist in Chile in terms of public policies for ME. They show the potential for integrating it in formal and informal settings. Securing ME and MIL in early education and continuing education for teachers is crucial but also needed for other professionals related to education.
Mind Wandering and Mindfulness During Innovation: An Outline and an Illustration in Poetry
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) Preiss Contreras, David Daniel
I present an outline of the abilities and dispositions relevant for innovation in the twenty-first century. Explaining this outline, I discuss how intelligence and creativity relate to two attentional dispositions: mindfulness and mind wandering. I argue that understanding creative problem solving and innovation requires studying the interaction between intelligence, creativity, and these attentional dispositions. To do so, I summarize the twentieth-century maps of human intelligence and their limitations. Second, I use a computational metaphor to discuss the role of intelligence, creativity, and attentional dispositions in creative problem solving. Third, I review some evidence about the relationship between human abilities and attentional dispositions. Finally, to provide an illustration, I discuss the process of innovation in poetry.
New Landscape and Emerging Dynamics of Interaction Between Users and Urban Space Produced by Digital Delivery Platforms
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Vera Álvarez, Rodrigo Andrés
Abstract Globalization and the advancement of information and communication technologies have transformed urban areas, highlighting the emergence of home delivery applications. These applications offer conveniences and job opportunities but also pose challenges such as job insecurity, traffic congestion, and exclusion of marginalized communities. In response to these dynamics, a research methodology based on design is proposed, emphasizing the integration between theory and practice. The research highlights the value of the prototype as a generative and learning tool, demonstrating the feasibility of collecting data through the active participation of citizens. This methodological approach is applied to explore the impact of home delivery applications in urban areas, identifying complexities and emerging dynamics. It focuses especially on the Metropolitan Region, thus contributing to the discipline of urban studies through research through design. This research underscores the importance of considering equity in the city in the context of the collaborative economy and digitalization. Thus, through the prototype of ethnographic instruments, it has been demonstrated that it is feasible to collect data through the active participation of citizens
News Gathering: Leveraging Transformers to Rank News
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Munoz C.; Apolo M.J.; Ojeda M.; Lobel H.; Mendoza M.
News media outlets disseminate information across various platforms. Often, these posts present complementary content and perspectives on the same news story. However, to compile a set of related news articles, users must thoroughly scour multiple sources and platforms, manually identifying which publications pertain to the same story. This tedious process hinders the speed at which journalists can perform essential tasks, notably fact-checking. To tackle this problem, we created a dataset containing both related and unrelated news pairs. This dataset allows us to develop information retrieval models grounded in the principle of binary relevance. Recognizing that many Transformer-based models might be suited for this task but could overemphasize relationships based on lexical connections, we tailored a dataset to fine-tune these models to focus on semantically relevant connections in the news domain. To craft this dataset, we introduced a methodology to identify pairs of news stories that are lexically similar yet refer to different events and pairs that discuss the same event but have distinct lexical structures. This design compels Transformers to recognize semantic connections between stories, even when their lexical similarities might be absent. Following a human-annotation assessment, we reveal that BERT outperformed other techniques, excelling even in challenging test cases. To ensure the reproducibility of our approach, we have made the dataset and top-performing models publicly available.
Observing the Wetlands of the Huasco River, Chile. Co-creation of a Space for the Dissemination of the Environmental and Cultural Values of the Landscape
(Springer, 2024) Arizaga, Ximena; Moreno, Osvaldo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.The project presented seeks to describe the experience of an observatory project in the Huasco wetland, which in its essence is more than a built space, and, is based on the fact of observing together. The act of observing implies in this case representing the information in order to transmit it and correct it, together, with the inhabitants of Huasco. In this way, the Huasco Wetland observatory is a collective look at the wetland and is proposed, also, as an opportunity to rethink the city and its relationship with the territory. Wetlands are fragile spaces of enormous environmental wealth that provide ecosystem services to the inhabitants. Understanding them, studying them, and reconstructing the relationship of the inhabitants with these spaces is the first step toward their active protection.
On the Performance of an Air-Water Visible Light Communication System
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Martínez, Guillermo; Palacios Jativa, Pablo; Gutiérrez Gaitán, Miguel; Azurdia Meza, César; Boettcher, Nicolás; Zabala-Blanco, David
Research on wireless communication in water environments is gaining attention due to its relevance in enabling and supporting new applications under the Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) umbrella. Visible Light Communication (VLC) is one of the emerging communication technologies with the potential to contribute to this domain, especially concerning direct communications from above the surface to underwater nodes. Although more traditional radio frequency (RF) communications are not suitable for air-to-water communications, VLC offers unique opportunities in this area. In this respect, this work presents a simulative study attempting to theoretically understand the performance of VLC systems in both underwater and air-to-water channels. We explore performance metrics including, link gain, time delay, and bit-error rate, while analyzing the optical signal interruption on the sea surface due to water level changes. The investigation offers preliminary results that shed light on the feasibility and challenges of effectively enabling cross-border air-water communication systems using VLC technologies.
Playability, Democracy and Design: Design Experience of Popular Educational Materials on the Chilean Constitution Proposal
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Manriquez Hörmann, Magdalena; Balbontín, Francisca; Grant, Pilar; Mena, Laura; Saavedra, Pilar; Balmaceda, Christian Sebastián; Almarza, Osvaldo; Álvarez Martín, Francisco; Avilés, María Cristina; Saavedra Díaz, Rosa; Vicuña, Magdalena; Giorgi, Emanuele
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.In the currentDemocracy context of ChileChile, markedDesign by unprecedented democratic processes and two failed attempts to draft a new constitution, active reflection on the participation of all sectors becomes fundamental. The persistent inequalityInequality in ChileChile significantly impacts civic participation, leaving behind adults from popular sectors. Given the crucial importance of their participation for democratic strengthening, the question arises about the role of designDesign in creating spacesSpace that enable shared power and democratic reflection. This article delves into the designDesign and implementation experience of educational materials intended for reflection on the Chilean constitutional proposal in 2022. A set of four gamesGameplay, developed iteratively by an interdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary team composed of designers, psychologists and popular educators, aimed to bring adults from popular sectors closer to dialogue and citizen participation to promote associativity and social transformation. The analysis focuses on three key aspects. First, it addresses the definition of the designDesign principles necessary to face a challenge of this magnitude. Second, it explores the designDesign of the mechanics and the contents of the games, highlighting the importance of collaborative workshops and careful methodological and formal approaches. Finally, it concludes with reflections on designDesign as a discipline of democratic reach and its function in learning processes, especially in reaching the most excluded sectors, from a perspective of liberation. This work contributes to the understanding of how designDesign can be an effective tool for the civic involvement of marginalized sectors in democratic processes, underlining the importance of addressing exclusion from an integral and participatory perspective.
Political communication mediated by digital media: misinformation and its impact on politics in Chile
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Rosenberg Benadretti, Andrés Alejandro; Porath Campos, William Alejandro
Over the past few decades, social network sites (SNS) have revolutionized not only how citizens communicate with each other, but also how they are informed of national affairs, and even how they engage with their representatives. Accordingly, the scholarship on political communication has flourished. Chile is no exception. Research on political communication in Chile has seen important growth, with many issues being studied. However, there is agreement that mis/disinformation research holds an important place, since the consequences of uninformed citizenship are severe and evident. This chapter goes through some of the most relevant research on political communication in Chile, with a special interest in mis/disinformation studies and initiatives. Other political-related issues such as gender studies are incorporated, and guidelines for future research are discussed.

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