CEDEUS

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https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/86979

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    Active and legacy mining in an arid urban environment : challenges and perspectives for Copiapó, Northern Chile
    (Springer, 2016) Carkovic Aguilera, Athena Belen; Calcagni García, Magdalena Sol; Vega Contreras, Alejandra Soledad; Coquery, Marina; Moya Arias, Pablo Manuel; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto; Pastén González, Pablo Arturo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Urban expansion in areas of active and legacy mining imposes a sustainability challenge, especially in arid environments where cities compete for resources with agriculture and industry. The city of Copiapó, with 150,000 inhabitants in the Atacama Desert, reflects this challenge. More than 30 abandoned tailings from legacy mining are scattered throughout its urban and peri-urban area, which include an active copper smelter. Despite the public concern generated by the mining-related pollution, no geochemical information is currently available for Copiapó, particularly for metal concentration in environmental solid phases. A geochemical screening of soils (n = 42), street dusts (n = 71) and tailings (n = 68) was conducted in November 2014 and April 2015. Organic matter, pH and elemental composition measurements were taken. Notably, copper in soils (60–2120 mg/kg) and street dusts (110–10,200 mg/kg) consistently exceeded international guidelines for residential and industrial use, while a lower proportion of samples exceeded international guidelines for arsenic, zinc and lead. Metal enrichment occurred in residential, industrial and agricultural areas near tailings and the copper smelter. This first screening of metal contamination sets the basis for future risk assessments toward defining knowledge-based policies and urban planning. Challenges include developing: (1) adequate intervention guideline values; (2) appropriate geochemical background levels for key metals; (3) urban planning that considers contaminated areas; (4) cost-effective control strategies for abandoned tailings in water-scarce areas; and (5) scenarios and technologies for tailings reprocessing. Assessing urban geochemical risks is a critical endeavor for areas where extreme events triggered by climate change are likely, as the mud flooding that impacted Copiapó in late March 2015.
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    La comunidad disidente: Reacción, métodos y conflictividad socio-espacial en el borde costero de la región de Valparaíso
    (2016) Hidalgo, Rodrigo; Alvarado Peterson, Voltaire Christian; Arenas, Federico; Salazar Burrows, Alejandro Francisco; Volker Anguita, Pascal; CEDEUS (Chile)
    En un contexto económico neoliberal, tiene lugar un importante desarrollo de proyectos inmobiliarios en la denominada Macrozona Urbana Central de Chile (Hidalgo et al, 2014a;2014b), en el borde costero de la Región de Valparaíso, que han afectado a las comunidadesde propietarios de tres ciudades-balneario de esta área. Estas comunidades han articuladometodologías de resistencia desde lo judicial, debido a la vulnerabilidad de los instrumentos deplanificación territorial locales, atemporales y distantes de las demandas ciudadanas. Desdeuna descripción informativa de la situación actual y dinámica de tres balnearios -Isla Negra,Tunquén y Ritoque, se propone una revisión a las formas de oposición a la ejecución de estosproyectos, la organización de las comunidades, y las fragilidades en la planificación del bordecostero. El análisis de coyuntura, la literatura en urbanismo litoral actual y la lectura de losalcances de la legislación vigente en el ordenamiento territorial, se utilizan para la descripcióndel objeto de estudio de este trabajo. Finalmente, se ofrecen alternativas para categorizar a losactores en conflicto, además de preguntas enfocadas hacia análisis críticos posteriores.