I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales

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Chile
(Routledge, 1996) Hurtado, María de la Luz
Companion to Urban and Regional Studies
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2021) Ruiz-Tagle Venero, Javier Ignacio; Orum, Anthony; Vicari Haddock, Serena
Coping with Natural Disasters and Urban Risk: An Approach to Urban Sustainability from Socio-Environmental Fragmentation and Urban Vulnerability Assessment
(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014) Link, Felipe; Barth, Katrin; Harris, Jordan Michael; Irarrazaval Irarrazaval, Felipe; Valenzuela, Felipe; Welz, Juliane; William G. Holt
Purpose - Cities have been exposed to a variety of natural disasters such as flooding, extreme temperatures, storms, earthquakes, and other natural shocks, and have had to respond and adapt to such pressures over time. In the context of global climate change, natural disasters have increased across the globe. Apart from climate change, many urban environments in Latin America are experiencing significant transformations in land use patterns, socio-demographic change, changing labor markets, and economic growth, resulting from recent decades of globalization. Such transformations have resulted in the internal fragmentation of cities. In this context, the purpose of the present chapter is to demonstrate the importance in both theoretical and methodological terms, of integrating the concept of socio-environmental fragmentation into urban vulnerability research in order to make progress toward higher degrees of local sustainability in those areas of the city that suffer natural disasters and fragmentation. Methodology/approach - A mixed methods approach is used in order to combine different technical issues from urban and climate change studies. Findings - The findings are related to the importance of an integrated approach, regarding the complexity of urban life, and the relationship between the urban, the social, and the environmental phenomenon. Social implications - This chapter relates to the revisit of the current state of preparedness and to determine whether further adaptations are required. The authors understood that these kinds of mixed approaches are necessary in order to understand the new complexity of urban processes.
Desde la informalidad hacia la masividad del mercado
(2018) Amarilla, Ximena; Ruiz-Tagle, Javier; CEDEUS (Chile)
Editorial: Comunidades, sociabilidad y entorno construido
(2020) Link, Felipe; Greene, Margarita; CEDEUS (Chile)
Hacia una ley de costas en Chile: criterios y desafíos en un contexto de cambio climático
(2019) Martinez Reyes, Carolina Del Pilar; Arenas Vásquez, Federico Alberto; Bergamini Ladron De Guevara, Kay Joaquín; Urrea, Jorge
La costa chilena ha experimentado en las últimas décadas profundas transformaciones socio-territoriales derivadas de procesos de antropización intensos, que han causado efectos tales como la amplia exposición de vidas humanas y bienes materiales a amenazas naturales recurrentes, y el deterioro de ecosistemas marino-costeros, entre los más relevantes. A ello, se agregan los efectos de eventos extremos que en la última década han impactado severamente la costa chilena.Este contexto genera importantes desafíos a la conserva- ción de la costa debido a que ésta contiene gran parte de los servicios ecosistémicos que el planeta provee, por ende, son vitales para el desarrollo económico sostenible y constituyen elementos estratégicos a gestionar para conducir los procesos adaptativos que la costa requiere frente al cambio climático.El estado de conservación de la zona costera chilena ha sido estudiado por varios investigadores, cuyo trabajo sentó las bases para un primer diagnóstico sobre la gestión integrada de áreas costeras durante las últimas dos décadas (Castro, 1987, 201, 2015; Andrade et al., 2004, 2008, 2010). Desde CIGIDEN, también se ha analizado en el contexto de su normativa actual, estableciéndose una imperante necesidad de revisión de la Política Nacional de Uso del Borde Coste- ro-PNUBC (que data de 1994), especialmente en cuanto al concepto de “borde costero”. A partir de este último diagnós- tico, proponemos a través del presente documento, criterios y lineamientos a considerar en una futura Ley de Costas, capaz de articular instrumentos de planificación territorial que promuevan su conservación y transformación sostenible, para así asegurar la permanencia de este espacio a las futuras generaciones. Entre ellos, destacamos la necesidad de relevar el concepto de zona costera; establecer una metodología de zonificación; y, por último, articular la zonificación costera de manera efectiva con los Instrumentos de Planificación Territorial, especialmente a nivel local.
Impacts of Urbanization and Land Use Change over Water Resources
(Springer, 2021) Bunster Bustamante, Tomas Ignacio; Gironas Leon, Jorge Alfredo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto
Anthropogenic land use changes have taken place through time, and will continue in the future as the country develops. Such changes have affected the occurrence of hydrological processes, and impacted water resources. This chapter describes these changes and their evolution through time. Urban and population growth, expansion and intensification of agriculture and productive forestry, and the occurrence of wildfires in Chile are characterized. Furthermore, the main impacts over water resources and current practices to cope with these changes are presented. Finally, future challenges are described, together with the concluding remarks.
Inmigración, instituciones locales y conflictos socio-espaciales: El caso de la Población Lo Hermida en Peñalolén
(2018) Palma, Pedro; Ruiz-Tagle, Javier
La localización de inmigrantes en Santiago se ha extendido desde espacios centrales y peri-centrales hacia la periferia relegada y estigmatizada, generando nuevas disputas y márgenes territoriales, debido a ambivalentes discursos institucionales de inclusión/exclusión y la competencia por escasos beneficios públicos. Bajo la modalidad del ‘nuevo racismo’, espacios tradicionales de exclusión muestran nuevos matices de marginalidad, como es la Población Lo Hermida en Peñalolén. A partir de un estudio de caso, se analiza la acción e inacción de instituciones locales en la construcción de conflictos socio-espaciales entre inmigrantes y población nativa. Se observan problemas de relegación en beneficios, acceso excluyente a la vivienda, y trabajo informal, lo cual denota una hiper-precarización de la inmigración y una geografía racializada del conflicto.
Neighbourhood cohesion as a form of privilege
(2020) Méndez, María Luisa; Otero, Gabriel; Link, Felipe; López Morales, Ernesto; Gayo, Modesto
Contrary to the idea that neighbourhood cohesion is something that inherently benefits the poor or counterbalances the forces of social exclusion, in this article we argue that it can also function as a mechanism of cumulative advantage. In order to explore this proposal, we offer a definition and key dimensions of neighbourhood cohesion based on three components: place attachment, local relations and commitment to the local common good. We test our proposal in a highly segregated Latin American city: Santiago, Chile. A combination of survey data and georeferenced information was obtained from a random sample of 700 residents. The results reveal the existence of four neighbourhood cohesion types: Communitarians, Belongers, Strangers and Outsiders. As expected, we found that people who reside in affluent areas and perceive themselves to live in more reputable neighbourhoods are those who report the strongest patterns of neighbourhood cohesion. We conclude by questioning the scope and effectiveness of policies which have promoted neighbourhood cohesion as a ‘tool’ of governance without first attempting to reduce socio-spatial rifts. We also ask whether these notable spatial differences in neighbourhood cohesion contribute to improving the overall social cohesion at the city level.
New neoliberal public housing policies: between centrality discourse and peripheralization practices in Santiago, Chile
(2019) Hidalgo, Rodrigo; Santana, Daniel; Link, Felipe
The lack of geographical equality in the development of neoliberal social housing models is evidence of differing ideological discourses and socio-spatial practices in the production of social housing. Based on a critical analysis of the Housing Policy for Quality Improvement and Social Integration promoted in Chile in 2006the basis for a set of subsequent policiesthis study seeks to identify the link between state discourse promoting further urban centralization of social housing and neoliberal subsidy allocation practices that have shaped the geography of recent residential production (2007-2012). Using an ideological critique and a descriptive spatial analysis to assess the notions of urban centrality, we found that equality and integration form the rhetoric used to legitimize and reproduce practices that lead to peripheralization of the poor. These practices are not limited to the city but have expanded to the extended urban area, creating a larger niche for the real estate industry.
Propuestas de política pública para apoyar el desarrollo de cooperativas de vivienda autogestionarias en Chile
(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2021) Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; Valenzuela Ormeño, Felipe Eduardo; Czischke, Darinka; Cortés Urra, Valentina; Carroza, Nelson; Encinas Pino, Felipe
En un contexto de crisis global de acceso a la vivienda y con una política habitacional que muestra crecientes señales de agotamiento en Chile, emerge la necesidad de buscar alternativas para hacer posible la realización del derecho a la vivienda. Diversas organizaciones de pobladores y pobladoras han buscado obtener mayores espacios para la autogestión de sus proyectos habitacionales, encontrando en las cooperativas de vivienda una opción para desarrollar estos objetivos. En este documento se proponen algunos lineamientos para apoyar el desarrollo de cooperativas autogestionarias en Chile, basados en la revisión de experiencias internacionales y la historia del cooperativismo de vivienda en el país, sumado al análisis de recientes iniciativas piloto para cooperativas de vivienda cerrada que son financiadas por el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo a través del Fondo Solidario de Elección de Vivienda (DS49). La propuesta contiene lineamientos en torno al modelo de financiamiento, el régimen de propiedad y gestión del suelo, el modelo de gestión y ayuda mutua, y las condiciones de habitabilidad, con el objetivo de fomentar los principios de la autogestión, la democracia y la solidaridad en un modelo cooperativo que pueda convertirse en una alternativa plausible para el acceso a la vivienda.
Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2019) Ruiz-Tagle, Javier; Orum, Anthony
Racial/ethnic residential segregation refers to the relegation of racially or ethnically discriminated groups to separate areas within cities. Although the causes of such discrimination and the intensity of spatial divisions are different in each historical, socioeconomic, and political context, segregation is one of the most common problems in all cities of the world, and thus it may be the most discussed subject in urban studies' history. Residential segregation, based on externally imposed physical categorizations (race) or on collectively ratified and expressed identities (ethnicity), has existed since cities were established, as an urban division to reinforce political and economic inequalities and dissections in a given society. Depending on the degree of voluntariness and the function that a given zone fulfills for its residents, racial/ethnic segregation has taken several forms in world history, ranging from the “classic” ghetto, through ethnic enclaves, to gated communities, to name some of the most famous.
Recuperación de plusvalías para financiar la inserción de viviendas sociales en barrios consolidados
(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2019) Labbé, Gricel; Muñoz, Juan Carlos; Rocco, Víctor; Ruiz-Tagle, Javier; Schuster, Juan Pablo; Irarrázabal, Ignacio, Piña, Elisa, Letelier, Magdalena y Jeldes, María Ignacia
Social Mix
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2019) Ruiz-Tagle, Javier; Orum, Anthony
“Social mix” generally denotes the social diversity of a given geographic area, which could be economically, racially, ethnically, and/or culturally based. It is a long-standing planning ideal, has been achieved through different means, has been proposed for a wide variety of goals, and has been used interchangeably to refer to concepts like “integration,” “mixed-income communities,” “poverty deconcentration,” “balanced communities,” and so on. There has been abundant literature from the 1990s, to the extent that social mix is currently one of the most studied subjects in the field, with at least five special issues of prominent academic journals dedicated to the topic. Although the evidence on the effects of social mix is somewhat mixed, the problems of its conceptual foundations and the amount and variety of issues created when implemented have led the large majority of academia to oppose this idea.

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