I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales

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Accessibility Indicators to Fresh Food: A Quantitative Insight from Concepción, Chile
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2022) Rojas Quezada Carolina Alejandra; Widener, Michael J.; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Meneses, Fernando; Rodríguez, Tiara; CEDEUS (Chile)
Accessibility is crucial to establishing and maintaining a nutritious and healthy diet. Although much of the literature on access to healthy food has focused on study areas in the Global North, the topic is of growing relevance to other regions across the globe. In Chile, where the prevalence of chronic diseases related to obesity and diet has increased, and over 50 percent of Chileans are considered overweight or obese, improving accessibility to healthy food has been an essential strat egy for improving health outcomes, including the food environment. In this article, we analyze walking accessibility from homes and workplaces to open street markets and supermarkets that sell fresh fruits and vegetables and consider the role of price in the Concepcion metropolitan area, the second most populated city in Chile. Results suggest that supermarkets and open street markets are distributed in a complementary way. Open street markets have a crucial role in facilitating access to more affordable products for peripheral and low-income areas. Findings also show workplaces increase accessibil ity in a way that is complementary to residential location
Barrios verticales en Santiago de Chile: nuevas formas de sociabilidad vecinal y familiaridad pública
(Wiley, 2023) Link F.; Senoret A.; Matus C.; CEDEUS (Chile)
© 2023 Universidad de Chile. All rights reserved.In the last two decades Santiago de Chile has experienced an important verticalization process, promoted by financialization in a context of urban neoliberalism, which has radically transformed the built environment in central areas, the sociodemographic composition, as well as the social practices and interactions of its inhabitants. Although the literature recognizes a low local sociability in neighborhoods of intensive densification by high-rise buildings, this paper proposes to consider the importance of daily encounters in the public space and the emergence of eventual links in everyday practices, thus expanding the notion of local sociability. Three vertical neighborhoods in Santiago, Chile, were analyzed through secondary data about their urban environment, as well as primary data collected through surveys, focus groups, and network interviews. The results indicate that, although densification by high-rise construction inhibits social interaction at a building level and deteriorates the formation of strong ties at a neighborhood level, in some cases, the daily use of public space and local commerce, as well as neighborhood organization, favor the emergence of public familiarity bonds, transforming the traditional idea of neighborhood community. Based on these results, we seek to discuss the social impacts of the processes of densification by verticalization, in relation to daily practices in the formation of communities.
COVID-19 y ciudad: hacia un modelo integrado de vivienda, microbiología, ambiente y urbanismo
(Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 2021) Encinas Pino, Felipe; Soto-Liebe, Katia; Aguirre Núñez, Carlos Andrés; González, Bernardo; Bustamante, Waldo; Schueftan, Alejandra; Ugalde, Juan; Blondel, Carlos; Truffello, Ricardo; Araya, Paz; Freed, Carmen; CEDEUS (Chile)
© 2021, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. All rights reserved.As of May 2020, the global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus moves its epicentre to Latin America, with cities showing high rates of poverty, segregation, and overcrowding. Current advances in microbiology make it possible to understand in depth the relationships between cities, COVID-19, and other microorganisms, but a conceptual framework to articulate them is lacking, especially in contexts where social determinants are so relevant. This article proposes an integrated approach to microbiology, housing, environment, and urbanism, based on a model of interactions and an empirical analysis applied to Santiago de Chile. It was possible to analyse how the propagation of COVID-19 in the city is enhanced by vulnerabilities of socio-spatial, residential and urban health, including an approach from the concept of energy poverty. At the same time, it was possible to verify how the variables associated with these vulnerabilities allowed to explain the incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants through the different communes of Santiago de Chile. Among these, the level of housing overcrowding, the number of households with heads of household in precarious employment, and travel to the central business district stand out. Finally, the need for microbiological sampling to improve housing conditions, neighbourhoods, and cities propose a new research agenda for this Urban Microbiome" multidisciplinary team, contributing to overcoming the vulnerabilities identified in this research.
Habitar la escuela: El problema de la infraestructura y su relación con las enfermedades escolares en Chile
(2011) Ibarra Alonso, Macarena Carolina; Mora, Rodrigo
Este artículo examina el rol de la infraestructura escolar en el desarrollo de dos enfermedades masivas de gran importancia para el caso chileno; la viruela, enfermedad que azotó con fuerza a nuestro país hace más de cien años, y la obesidad, el principal problema nutricional de nuestros días. La revisión del desarrollo de ambas enfermedades en el entorno escolar permite indagar en la relación entre ciudad y salud, cuya relevancia va más allá de un momento determinado. Este análisis sugiere que estas enfermedades, pese a sus diferentes contextos -tanto en lo referido al tipo de actores intervinientes como a las políticas públicas implementadas-, se pueden entender en una línea común cual es su expansión en determinados contextos del medio construido. Se propone que tanto las políticas de combate de la obesidad como de la viruela, tuvieron inicialmente un carácter eminentemente sanitario, para luego adoptar un enfoque más holístico, al incorporar a la arquitectura y al espacio urbano como variables críticas en la formación y desarrollo de estas enfermedades. Asimismo, se comienza a desarrollar un nuevo fenómeno, caracterizado por la incorporación de profesionales de disciplinas no médicas, como arquitectos o maestros, al combate de enfermedades que se podrían denominar como escolares.
Planning for accessibility: the divide between research and policy in the promotion of equitable mobility
(SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2023) Tiznado Aitken I.; Vecchio G.; Mora R.; Gonzalez L.; Marshall C.; CEDEUS (Chile)
© 2023 Regional Studies Association.Mobility-related social inequalities are receiving increasing attention from planning research and practice. Nevertheless, research seems to have a limited impact on urban policies addressing mobility. Using Santiago de Chile as a case study, the paper discusses the existing gaps between research on mobility-related equity concerns and existing policies and plans addressing urban mobility operating at national, metropolitan and municipal scales. An equity-based comparison is performed for different spatial planning instruments, exploring guiding concepts and deriving proposals through content analysis. The findings show that there is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary body of literature in Santiago on mobility and equity, approaching several dimensions of mobility, accessibility and social exclusion in relation to different population groups. However, the series of discourses, norms and actions (policies and programmes) operating at different planning scales lack coherence and address only some of the dimensions identified in the literature. Current plans and policies in Santiago have a limited scope and are difficult to modify, questioning their effectiveness for understanding and tackling mobility-related equity concerns.
Social Inclusion and Physical Activity in Ciclovia Recreativa Programs in Latin America
(2021) Mejia-Arbelaez, Carlos; Sarmiento, Olga L.; Mora Vega, Rodrigo; Flores Castillo, Mónica; Truffello, Ricardo; Martínez, Lina; Medina, Catalina; Guaje, Oscar; Pinzón Ortiz, José David; Useche, Andres F.; Rojas-Rueda, David; Delclòs-Alió, Xavier; CEDEUS (Chile)
Ciclovia Recreativa is a program in which streets are closed off to automobiles so that people have a safe and inclusive space for recreation and for being physically active. The study aims were: (1) to compare participant's spatial trajectories in four Ciclovia Recreativa programs in Latin America (Bogota, Mexico City, Santiago de Cali, and Santiago de Chile) according to socioeconomic characteristics and urban segregation of these cities; and (2) to assess the relationship between participants' physical activity (PA) levels and sociodemographic characteristics. We harmonized data of cross-sectional studies including 3282 adults collected between 2015 and 2019. We found the highest mobility for recreation in Bogota, followed closely by Santiago de Cali. In these two cities, the maximum SES (socioeconomic status) percentile differences between the neighborhood of origin and the neighborhoods visited as part of the Ciclovia use were 33.58 (p-value < 0.001) and 30.38 (p-value < 0.001), respectively, indicating that in these two cities, participants were more likely to visit higher or lower SES neighborhoods than their average SES-of-neighborhood origin. By contrast, participants from Mexico City and Santiago de Chile were more likely to stay in geographic units similar to their average SES-of-origin, having lower overall mobility during leisure time: maximum SES percentile difference 1.55 (p-value < 0.001) and -0.91 (p-value 0.001), respectively. PA levels of participants did not differ by sex or SES. Our results suggest that Ciclovia can be a socially inclusive program in highly unequal and segregated urban environments, which provides a space for PA whilefacilitat physical proximity, exposure to new communities and environments, and interactions between different socioeconomic groups.
Street Conflicts: Capitalization Strategies of Violence in Santo Tomás Slum (La Pintana, Chile)
(wiley, 2025) Álvarez, Martín; Ruiz-Tagle, Javier
The present article seeks to integrate the sociological contributions of Bourdieusian criminology into the study of street gangs. Drawing from an ethnographic study and interviews with gang members from the Santo Tom & aacute;s slum in La Pintana (Santiago de Chile) we analyze street conflicts through the concept of "capitalization strategies of violence:" a set of practices where marginalized individuals and groups use violence to gain economic, social, and symbolic benefits. This article explores the phenomenon of violence through gang members' life history narrations, presenting empirical observations of a context of institutional abandonment and its transformative effects on the lives of people living within that social space.
Urban Fabrics to Eco-Friendly Blue–Green for Urban Wetland Development
(2021) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Jorquera Guajardo, Felipe Ignacio; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

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