I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales

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Browsing I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales by browse.metadata.categoria "Medicina y salud"

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    Chilean institutional policies and multi-level agents: Challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic and carbon footprint
    (2023) Bergamini Ladrón de Guevara, Kay Joaquín; Ojeda Leal, Carolina Grace; Gutiérrez, Patricia; Salazar Preece, Gonzalo; Curillán, Christian; CEDEUS (Chile)
    As a result of the increasing number of multilateral agreements that Chile has signed, different sectors of consumption have become sources of emissions. In this context attempts to implement guidelines to address this issue have been made. Nevertheless, international policies such as sustainable development goals (SDG) 11–12 often generate dissonance in national and local administrations and have been approached by different instruments to reduce the effects of emissions, mostly focused on the private industrial sector. Methods: This article focuses on four of the most polluted cities in south-central Chile (Coronel, Temuco, Valdivia, and Osorno). Key agents (ministries, regional government, municipalities, and civil society) from three levels of policy development were selected at three scales (national, regional, and local) and interviewed considering three thematic axes: knowledge of carbon footprint areas (housing, heating, food, mobility, and energy), institutional governance, and adaptive changes due to COVID-19. Results: The results show that in Chile, there is a multiscale climate governance led by the Ministry of the Environment (national level), followed by the regional and local levels. Citizens are then left with few capacities, which is negatively viewed. In relation to the carbon footprint and COVID-19, it can be observed that the topic of energy was more addressed at the national and regional levels. Food and energy, followed by heating and then mobility were addressed at the communal level and in civil society. Discussion: Decision-making strategies and policies were discussed in this paper.
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    Planning for accessibility: the divide between research and policy in the promotion of equitable mobility
    (SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2023) Tiznado Aitken I.; Vecchio G.; Mora R.; Gonzalez L.; Marshall C.; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2023 Regional Studies Association.Mobility-related social inequalities are receiving increasing attention from planning research and practice. Nevertheless, research seems to have a limited impact on urban policies addressing mobility. Using Santiago de Chile as a case study, the paper discusses the existing gaps between research on mobility-related equity concerns and existing policies and plans addressing urban mobility operating at national, metropolitan and municipal scales. An equity-based comparison is performed for different spatial planning instruments, exploring guiding concepts and deriving proposals through content analysis. The findings show that there is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary body of literature in Santiago on mobility and equity, approaching several dimensions of mobility, accessibility and social exclusion in relation to different population groups. However, the series of discourses, norms and actions (policies and programmes) operating at different planning scales lack coherence and address only some of the dimensions identified in the literature. Current plans and policies in Santiago have a limited scope and are difficult to modify, questioning their effectiveness for understanding and tackling mobility-related equity concerns.
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    Short run “rebound effect” of COVID on the transport carbon footprint
    (Elsevier, 2022) Rojas Quezada Carolina Alejandra; Muñiz, Iván; Quintana, Marc; Simon, Francois; Castillo, Bryan; Rivera, Joaquín; CEDEUS (Chile)
    pandemic completely transformed the mobility of cities. The restrictions on movement led to “empty cities” throughout the world, with some environmental effects in terms of clean air and the reduction of CO2 emissions. This research considers how COVID-19 mobility restrictions have affected the carbon footprint of four medium-sized Chilean cities (Coronel, Temuco, Valdivia, and Osorno) that have environmental problems and are highly dependent on motorized systems. The study uses data from 2400 household surveys at three distinct times: pre-pandemic - T0 (winter 2019), the time of implementation of restrictive mobility policies to contain the pandemic - T1 (winter 2020), and six months later when those restrictions were gradually lifted - T2 (summer 2021). The analysis suggests that CO2 emissions actually went up, declining in the winter 2020, but then increasing with the greater use of cars in the summer 2021 due to the temporary effects of commuting to work, ultimately reaching levels higher than the pre-pandemic values, known as the “rebound effect.”