I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales

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Browsing I. Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales by browse.metadata.categoria "Ciencias de la tierra"

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    Adaptación al cambio climático y gestión de riesgos naturales: buscando síntesis en la planificación urbana
    (2016) Barton, Jonathan R.; Irarrázaval Irarrázaval, Felipe; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Cambio climático, vulnerabilidad urbana y adaptación a nivel municipal: Santiago de Chile y otras ciudades de América Latina
    (RIL editores, 2017) Link Lazo, Felipe Alejandro; Krellenberg, Kerstin; Welz, Juliane; Link, Felipe
    El cambio climático global es inevitable y tiene efectos a diferentes escalas espaciales, incluyendo la urbana. El Área Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile se ve enfrentada a mayores eventos de calor extremo, inundaciones y desafíos con la disponibilidad de agua y energía. Mediante el estudio de experiencias de otras ciudades latinoamericanas, esta investigación contribuye en términos teóricos y metodológicos a una mejor comprensión de esta temática, estimulando la implementación de medidas concretas de adaptación.
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    Coastal Evolution in a Wetland Affected by Large Tsunamigenic Earthquakes in South-Central Chile: Criteria for Integrated Coastal Management
    (MDPI, 2021) Martínez Reyes, Carolina Del Pilar; Sepúlveda Zuñiga, Einer Alexander; Villagrán, Mauricio; Rojas, Octavio; Gómez, Matias; López, Pablo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; CEDEUS (Chile)
    The coastal evolution of the microtidal Tubul-Raqui wetland in south-central Chile (36 degrees S), which historically has been affected by large earthquakes and tsunamis, particularly the 1960 (Mw = 9.5) and 2010 (Mw = 8.8) subduction earthquakes and their associated tsunamis, is analyzed. Historical aerial photographs and topographic and bathymetric surveys from the 1961-2017 period, as well as salinity, sediment, and flora data obtained following the 2010 earthquake were used for comparison with data from prior to the event. A steady state of the shoreline was established, with an average erosion rate of -0.016 m/year in the 1961-2017 period. However, erosion predominated in the period between these two large earthquakes (1961-2009), with an average rate of -0.386 m/year. The wetland dried up, partially recovered saline intrusion a year later, and recovered the salinity conditions it had before the earthquake two years later. The postearthquake effects on the floristic composition were not significant, with the species Spartina densiflora, which presented a high tolerance to these types of changes, predominating. Moreover, 75 percent of the taxa in pre- and postearthquake conditions coincided, with the halophyte species Spartina densiflora, Sarcocornia fructicosa, and Cotula coronopifolia predominating, while the best-conserved community was Spartina-Sarcocornia association located in the saltmarsh. Seven years after the earthquake, the shoreline presented an accretion rate of 2.935 m/year; if the current tectonic conditions prevail, an erosive trend can be expected in the coming decades. The morphological variability and the changes associated with the shoreline in this wetland are strongly controlled by tectonic factors. Criteria aimed at integrated coastal management to promote its occupancy and use in accordance with its evolutionary dynamics are proposed.
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    Water footprint and virtual water flows from the Global South: Foundations for sustainable agriculture in periods of drought
    (2023) Novoa, Vanessa; Rojas, Octavio; Ahumada-Rudolph, Ramón; Arumí, José Luis; Munizaga, Juan; Barrera, Francisco de; Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R.; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra
    Freshwater availability has decreased alarmingly worldwide, with agriculture playing a vital role in this trend. The assessment of the agricultural water footprint (WFagricultural) and virtual water flows (VWF) is fundamental not only in local water resources management and protection, but also in our understanding of the synergies between local water consumption and global markets. Thus, the WFagricultural – broken down into its components (blue, green, and gray) – of the leading 21 crops (grouped in fruit, legumes, cereals, and vegetables), grown in four basins with the most significant agricultural activity in central Chile was determined, estimated in two consecutive years 2017–2018. In addition, due to their great importance in exports, VWFs were assessed, establishing connections according to their origins and destinations. The results show that the green and gray water footprints increased significantly in the south-central basins, while blue water consumption increased in the basins of the central zone, reflecting an evident WFagricultural transition in accord with latitude and climate conditions. Furthermore, VWF showed an annual increase of 44 %, in about 116 destinations, with Asia, Europe, and North America being the preferred destinations, with annual variations of VWFblue- gray associated with increases in exports of apples, cherries, grapes, blueberries, and walnuts, market preferences and growing areas. The present study is an initial step toward sustainable agriculture in a commodity exporting country, one that is relevant in the exploitation of virtual water yet faces severe water deficit problems, distribution, and local water policies. Therefore, contributing to encouraging the efficiency and value of water in the process of a new institutional framework.