Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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dc.contributor.authorWang, Haidong
dc.contributor.authorAbajobir, Amanuel Alemu
dc.contributor.authorAbate, Kalkidan Hassen
dc.contributor.authorAbbafati, Cristiana
dc.contributor.authorAbbas, Kaja M.
dc.contributor.authorAbd-Allah, Foad
dc.contributor.authorAbera, Semaw Ferede
dc.contributor.authorAbraha, Haftom Niguse
dc.contributor.authorAbu-Raddad, Laith J.
dc.contributor.authorAbu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.
dc.contributor.authorAdedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
dc.contributor.authorAdedoyin, Rufus Adesoji
dc.contributor.authorAdetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O.
dc.contributor.authorAdetokunboh, Olatunji
dc.contributor.authorAfshin, Ashkan
dc.contributor.authorAggarwal, Rakesh
dc.contributor.authorAgrawal, Anurag
dc.contributor.authorAgrawal, Sutapa
dc.contributor.authorKiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Muktar Beshir
dc.contributor.authorAichour, Amani Nidhal
dc.contributor.authorAichour, Ibthiel
dc.contributor.authorAichour, Miloud Taki Eddine
dc.contributor.authorAiyar, Sneha
dc.contributor.authorAkanda, Shafqat
dc.contributor.authorAkinyemiju, Tomi F.
dc.contributor.authorAkseer, Nadia
dc.contributor.authorAl-Eyadhy, Ayman
dc.contributor.authorAl Lami, Faris Hasan
dc.contributor.authorAlabed, Samer
dc.contributor.authorAlahdab, Fares
dc.contributor.authorAl-Aly, Ziyad
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Khurshid
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Noore
dc.contributor.authorAlasfoor, Deena
dc.contributor.authorAldridge, Robert William
dc.contributor.authorAlene, Kefyalew Addis
dc.contributor.authorAlhabib, Samia
dc.contributor.authorAli, Raghib
dc.contributor.authorAlizadeh-Navaei, Reza
dc.contributor.authorAljunid, Syed M.
dc.contributor.authorAlkaabi, Juma M.
dc.contributor.authorAlkerwi, Ala'a
dc.contributor.authorAlla, Francois
dc.contributor.authorAllam, Shalini D.
dc.contributor.authorAllebeck, Peter
dc.contributor.authorAl-Raddadi, Rajaa
dc.contributor.authorAlsharif, Ubai
dc.contributor.authorAltirkawi, Khalid A.
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Elena Alvarez
dc.contributor.authorAlvis-Guzman, Nelson
dc.contributor.authorAmare, Azmeraw T.
dc.contributor.authorAmeh, Emmanuel A.
dc.contributor.authorAmini, Erfan
dc.contributor.authorAmmar, Walid
dc.contributor.authorAmoako, Yaw Ampem
dc.contributor.authorAnber, Nahla
dc.contributor.authorAndrei, Catalina Liliana
dc.contributor.authorAndroudi, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorAnsari, Hossein
dc.contributor.authorAnsha, Mustafa Geleto
dc.contributor.authorAntonio, Carl Abelardo T.
dc.contributor.authorAnwari, Palwasha
dc.contributor.authorArnlov, Johan
dc.contributor.authorArora, Megha
dc.contributor.authorAl Artaman
dc.contributor.authorAryal, Krishna Kumar
dc.contributor.authorAsayesh, Hamid
dc.contributor.authorAsgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal
dc.contributor.authorAsghar, Rana Jawad
dc.contributor.authorAssadi, Reza
dc.contributor.authorAtey, Tesfay Mehari
dc.contributor.authorAtre, Sachin R.
dc.contributor.authorAvila-Burgos, Leticia
dc.contributor.authorAvokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur
dc.contributor.authorAwasthi, Ashish
dc.contributor.authorQuintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
dc.contributor.authorBabalola, Tesleem Kayode
dc.contributor.authorBacha, Umar
dc.contributor.authorBadawi, Alaa
dc.contributor.authorBalakrishnan, Kalpana
dc.contributor.authorBalalla, Shivanthi
dc.contributor.authorBarac, Aleksandra
dc.contributor.authorBarber, Ryan M.
dc.contributor.authorBarboza, Miguel A.
dc.contributor.authorBarker-Collo, Suzanne L.
dc.contributor.authorBarnighausen, Till
dc.contributor.authorBarquera, Simon
dc.contributor.authorBarregard, Lars
dc.contributor.authorBarrero, Lope H.
dc.contributor.authorBaune, Bernhard T.
dc.contributor.authorBazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
dc.contributor.authorBedi, Neeraj
dc.contributor.authorBeghi, Ettore
dc.contributor.authorBejot, Yannick
dc.contributor.authorBekele, Bayu Begashaw
dc.contributor.authorBell, Michelle L.
dc.contributor.authorBello, Aminu K.
dc.contributor.authorBennett, Derrick A.
dc.contributor.authorBennett, James R.
dc.contributor.authorBensenor, Isabela M.
dc.contributor.authorBenson, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorBerhane, Adugnaw
dc.contributor.authorBerhe, Derbew Fikadu
dc.contributor.authorBernabe, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorBeuran, Mircea
dc.contributor.authorBeyene, Addisu Shunu
dc.contributor.authorBhala, Neeraj
dc.contributor.authorBhansali, Anil
dc.contributor.authorBhaumik, Soumyadeep
dc.contributor.authorBhutta, Zulfiqar A.
dc.contributor.authorBikbov, Boris
dc.contributor.authorBirungi, Charles
dc.contributor.authorBiryukov, Stan
dc.contributor.authorBisanzio, Donal
dc.contributor.authorBizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie
dc.contributor.authorBjerregaard, Peter
dc.contributor.authorBlosser, Christopher D.
dc.contributor.authorBoneya, Dube Jara
dc.contributor.authorBoufous, Soufiane
dc.contributor.authorBourne, Rupert R. A.
dc.contributor.authorBrazinova, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorBreitborde, Nicholas J. K.
dc.contributor.authorBrenner, Hermann
dc.contributor.authorBrugha, Traolach S.
dc.contributor.authorBukhman, Gene
dc.contributor.authorNegesa, Lemma
dc.contributor.authorBulto, Bulto
dc.contributor.authorBumgarner, Blair Randal
dc.contributor.authorBurch, Michael
dc.contributor.authorButt, Zahid A.
dc.contributor.authorCahill, Leah E.
dc.contributor.authorCahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
dc.contributor.authorCampos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorCar, Josip
dc.contributor.authorCar, Mate
dc.contributor.authorCrdenas, Rosario
dc.contributor.authorCarpenter, David O.
dc.contributor.authorCarrero, Juan Jesus
dc.contributor.authorCarter, Austin
dc.contributor.authorCastaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
dc.contributor.authorRivas, Jacqueline Castillo
dc.contributor.authorCastro, Franz F.
dc.contributor.authorCastro, Ruben Estanislao
dc.contributor.authorCatala-Lopez, Ferran
dc.contributor.authorChen, Honglei
dc.contributor.authorChiang, Peggy Pei-Chia
dc.contributor.authorChibalabala, Mirriam
dc.contributor.authorChisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe
dc.contributor.authorChitheer, Abdulaal A.
dc.contributor.authorChoi, Jee-Young Jasmine
dc.contributor.authorChristensen, Hanne
dc.contributor.authorChristopher, Devasahayam Jesudas
dc.contributor.authorCiobanu, Liliana G.
dc.contributor.authorCirillo, Massimo
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Aaron J.
dc.contributor.authorColquhoun, Samantha M.
dc.contributor.authorCoresh, Josef
dc.contributor.authorCriqui, Michael H.
dc.contributor.authorCromwell, Elizabeth A.
dc.contributor.authorCrump, John A.
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Lalit
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Rakhi
dc.contributor.authorDargan, Paul I.
dc.contributor.authordas Neves, Jose
dc.contributor.authorDavey, Gail
dc.contributor.authorDavitoiu, Dragos V.
dc.contributor.authorDavletov, Kairat
dc.contributor.authorde Courten, Barbora
dc.contributor.authorDe Leo, Diego
dc.contributor.authorDegenhardt, Louisa
dc.contributor.authorDeiparine, Selina
dc.contributor.authorDellavalle, Robert P.
dc.contributor.authorDeribe, Kebede
dc.contributor.authorDeribew, Amare
dc.contributor.authorDes Jarlais, Don C.
dc.contributor.authorDey, Subhojit
dc.contributor.authorDharmaratne, Samath D.
dc.contributor.authorDherani, Mukesh K.
dc.contributor.authorDiaz-Torne, Cesar
dc.contributor.authorDing, Eric L.
dc.contributor.authorDixit, Priyanka
dc.contributor.authorDjalalinia, Shirin
dc.contributor.authorHuyen Phuc Do
dc.contributor.authorDoku, David Teye
dc.contributor.authorDonnelly, Christl Ann
dc.contributor.authorPriscila, Kadine
dc.contributor.authordos Santos, Bender
dc.contributor.authorDouwes-Schultz, Dirk
dc.contributor.authorDriscoll, Tim R.
dc.contributor.authorDuan, Leilei
dc.contributor.authorDubey, Manisha
dc.contributor.authorDuncan, Bruce Bartholow
dc.contributor.authorDwivedi, Laxmi Kant
dc.contributor.authorEbrahimi, Hedyeh
dc.contributor.authorEl Bcheraoui, Charbel
dc.contributor.authorEllingsen, Christian Lycke
dc.contributor.authorEnayati, Ahmadali
dc.contributor.authorEndries, Aman Yesuf
dc.contributor.authorErmakov, Sergey Petrovich
dc.contributor.authorEshetie, Setegn
dc.contributor.authorEshrati, Babak
dc.contributor.authorEskandarieh, Sharareh
dc.contributor.authorEsteghamati, Alireza
dc.contributor.authorEstep, Kara
dc.contributor.authorFanuel, Belayneh Bekele Fanuel
dc.contributor.authorFaro, Andre
dc.contributor.authorFarvid, Maryam S.
dc.contributor.authorFarzadfar, Farshad
dc.contributor.authorFeigin, Valery L.
dc.contributor.authorFereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Jefferson G.
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Joao C.
dc.contributor.authorFeyissa, Tesfaye Regassa
dc.contributor.authorFilip, Irina
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Florian
dc.contributor.authorFoigt, Nataliya
dc.contributor.authorForeman, Kyle J.
dc.contributor.authorFrank, Tahvi
dc.contributor.authorFranklin, Richard C.
dc.contributor.authorFraser, Maya
dc.contributor.authorFriedman, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorFrostad, Joseph J.
dc.contributor.authorFullman, Nancy
dc.contributor.authorFurst, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorFurtado, Joao M.
dc.contributor.authorFutran, Neal D.
dc.contributor.authorGakidou, Emmanuela
dc.contributor.authorGambashidze, Ketevan
dc.contributor.authorGamkrelidze, Amiran
dc.contributor.authorGankpe, Fortune Gbetoho
dc.contributor.authorGarcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
dc.contributor.authorGebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe
dc.contributor.authorGebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
dc.contributor.authorGebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos
dc.contributor.authorGebremichael, Mengistu Welday
dc.contributor.authorGelaye, Amha Admasie
dc.contributor.authorGeleijnse, Johanna M.
dc.contributor.authorGemechu, Bikila Lencha
dc.contributor.authorGemechu, Kasiye Shiferaw
dc.contributor.authorGenova-Maleras, Ricard
dc.contributor.authorGesesew, Hailay Abrha
dc.contributor.authorGething, Peter W.
dc.contributor.authorGibney, Katherine B.
dc.contributor.authorGill, Paramjit Singh
dc.contributor.authorGillum, Richard F.
dc.contributor.authorGiref, Ababi Zergaw
dc.contributor.authorGirma, Bedilu Weji
dc.contributor.authorGiussani, Giorgia
dc.contributor.authorGoenka, Shifalika
dc.contributor.authorGomez, Beatriz
dc.contributor.authorGona, Philimon N.
dc.contributor.authorGopalani, Sameer Vali
dc.contributor.authorGoulart, Alessandra Carvalho
dc.contributor.authorGraetz, Nicholas
dc.contributor.authorGugnani, Harish Chander
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Prakash C.
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Rahul
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Rajeev
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Tanush
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Vipin
dc.contributor.authorHaagsma, Juanita A.
dc.contributor.authorHafezi-Nejad, Nima
dc.contributor.authorBidgoli, Hassan Haghparast
dc.contributor.authorHakuzimana, Alex
dc.contributor.authorHalasa, Yara A.
dc.contributor.authorHamadeh, Randah Ribhi
dc.contributor.authorHambisa, Mitiku Teshome
dc.contributor.authorHamidi, Samer
dc.contributor.authorHammami, Mouhanad
dc.contributor.authorHancock, Jamie
dc.contributor.authorHandal, Alexis J.
dc.contributor.authorHankey, Graeme J.
dc.contributor.authorHao, Yuantao
dc.contributor.authorHarb, Hilda L.
dc.contributor.authorHareri, Habtamu Abera
dc.contributor.authorHarikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
dc.contributor.authorHaro, Josep Maria
dc.contributor.authorHassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh
dc.contributor.authorHavmoeller, Rasmus
dc.contributor.authorHay, Roderick J.
dc.contributor.authorHay, Simon I.
dc.contributor.authorHe, Fei
dc.contributor.authorHeredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz
dc.contributor.authorHerteliu, Claudiu
dc.contributor.authorHilawe, Esayas Haregot
dc.contributor.authorHoek, Hans W.
dc.contributor.authorHorita, Nobuyuki
dc.contributor.authorHosgood, H. Dean
dc.contributor.authorHostiuc, Sorin
dc.contributor.authorHotez, Peter J.
dc.contributor.authorHoy, Damian G.
dc.contributor.authorHsairi, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorHtet, Aung Soe
dc.contributor.authorHu, Guoqing
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Hsiang
dc.contributor.authorHuang, John J.
dc.contributor.authorIburg, Kim Moesgaard
dc.contributor.authorIgumbor, Ehimario Uche
dc.contributor.authorIleanu, Bogdan Vasile
dc.contributor.authorInoue, Manami
dc.contributor.authorIrenso, Asnake Ararsa
dc.contributor.authorIrvine, Caleb M. S.
dc.contributor.authorIslam, Nazrul
dc.contributor.authorJacobsen, Kathryn H.
dc.contributor.authorJaenisch, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorJahanmehr, Nader
dc.contributor.authorJakovljevic, Mihajlo B.
dc.contributor.authorJavanbakht, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorJayatilleke, Achala Upendra
dc.contributor.authorJeemon, Panniyammakal
dc.contributor.authorJensen, Paul N.
dc.contributor.authorJha, Vivekanand
dc.contributor.authorJin, Ye
dc.contributor.authorJohn, Denny
dc.contributor.authorJohn, Oommen
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Sarah Charlotte
dc.contributor.authorJonas, Jost B.
dc.contributor.authorJurisson, Mikk
dc.contributor.authorKabir, Zubair
dc.contributor.authorKadel, Rajendra
dc.contributor.authorKahsay, Amaha
dc.contributor.authorKalkonde, Yogeshwar
dc.contributor.authorKamal, Ritul
dc.contributor.authorKan, Haidong
dc.contributor.authorKarch, Andre
dc.contributor.authorKarema, Corine Kakizi
dc.contributor.authorKarimi, Seyed M.
dc.contributor.authorKarthikeyan, Ganesan
dc.contributor.authorKasaeian, Amir
dc.contributor.authorKassaw, Nigussie Assefa
dc.contributor.authorKassebaum, Nicholas J.
dc.contributor.authorKastor, Anshul
dc.contributor.authorKatikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
dc.contributor.authorKaul, Anil
dc.contributor.authorKawakami, Norito
dc.contributor.authorKazanjan, Konstantin
dc.contributor.authorKeiyoro, Peter Njenga
dc.contributor.authorKelbore, Sefonias Getachew
dc.contributor.authorKemp, Andrew Haddon
dc.contributor.authorKengne, Andre Pascal
dc.contributor.authorKeren, Andre
dc.contributor.authorKereselidze, Maia
dc.contributor.authorKesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair
dc.contributor.authorKetema, Ezra Belay
dc.contributor.authorKhader, Yousef Saleh
dc.contributor.authorKhalil, Ibrahim A.
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Ejaz Ahmad
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Gulfaraz
dc.contributor.authorKhang, Young-Ho
dc.contributor.authorKhera, Sahil
dc.contributor.authorKhoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah
dc.contributor.authorKhosravi, Mohammad Hossein
dc.contributor.authorKibret, Getiye Dejenu
dc.contributor.authorKieling, Christian
dc.contributor.authorKim, Cho-Il
dc.contributor.authorKim, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorKim, Pauline
dc.contributor.authorKim, Sungroul
dc.contributor.authorKim, Yun Jin
dc.contributor.authorKimokoti, Ruth W.
dc.contributor.authorKinfu, Yohannes
dc.contributor.authorKishawi, Sami
dc.contributor.authorKissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A.
dc.contributor.authorKissoon, Niranjan
dc.contributor.authorKivimaki, Mika
dc.contributor.authorKnudsen, Ann Kristin
dc.contributor.authorKokubo, Yoshihiro
dc.contributor.authorKopec, Jacek A.
dc.contributor.authorKosen, Soewarta
dc.contributor.authorKoul, Parvaiz A.
dc.contributor.authorKoyanagi, Ai
dc.contributor.authorKravchenko, Michael
dc.contributor.authorKrohn, Kristopher J.
dc.contributor.authorDefo, Barthelemy Kuate
dc.contributor.authorBicer, Burcu Kucuk
dc.contributor.authorKuipers, Ernst J.
dc.contributor.authorKulikoff, Xie Rachel
dc.contributor.authorKulkarni, Veena S.
dc.contributor.authorKumar, G. Anil
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Pushpendra
dc.contributor.authorKumsa, Fekede Asefa
dc.contributor.authorKutz, Michael
dc.contributor.authorLachat, Carl
dc.contributor.authorLagat, Abraham K.
dc.contributor.authorLager, Anton Carl Jonas
dc.contributor.authorLal, Dharmesh Kumar
dc.contributor.authorLalloo, Ratilal
dc.contributor.authorLambert, Nkurunziza
dc.contributor.authorLan, Qing
dc.contributor.authorLansingh, Van C.
dc.contributor.authorLarson, Heidi J.
dc.contributor.authorLarsson, Anders
dc.contributor.authorLaryea, Dennis Odai
dc.contributor.authorLavados, Pablo M.
dc.contributor.authorLaxmaiah, Avula
dc.contributor.authorLee, Paul H.
dc.contributor.authorLeigh, James
dc.contributor.authorLeung, Janni
dc.contributor.authorLeung, Ricky
dc.contributor.authorLevi, Miriam
dc.contributor.authorLi, Yongmei
dc.contributor.authorLiao, Yu
dc.contributor.authorLiben, Misgan Legesse
dc.contributor.authorLim, Stephen S.
dc.contributor.authorLinn, Shai
dc.contributor.authorLipshultz, Steven E.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Shiwei
dc.contributor.authorLodha, Rakesh
dc.contributor.authorLogroscino, Giancarlo
dc.contributor.authorLorch, Scott A.
dc.contributor.authorLorkowski, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorLotufo, Paulo A.
dc.contributor.authorLozano, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorLunevicius, Raimundas
dc.contributor.authorLyons, Ronan A.
dc.contributor.authorMa, Stefan
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dc.contributor.authorMachado, Isis Eloah
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dc.contributor.authorMagis-Rodriguez, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorMahdavi, Mahdi
dc.contributor.authorMajdan, Marek
dc.contributor.authorMajdzadeh, Reza
dc.contributor.authorMajeed, Azeem
dc.contributor.authorMalekzadeh, Reza
dc.contributor.authorMalhotra, Rajesh
dc.contributor.authorMalta, Deborah Carvalho
dc.contributor.authorMantovani, Lorenzo G.
dc.contributor.authorManyazewal, Tsegahun
dc.contributor.authorMapoma, Chabila C.
dc.contributor.authorMarczak, Laurie B.
dc.contributor.authorMarks, Guy B.
dc.contributor.authorMartinez-Raga, Jose
dc.contributor.authorMartins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlndio
dc.contributor.authorMassano, Joao
dc.contributor.authorMaulik, Pallab K.
dc.contributor.authorMayosi, Bongani M.
dc.contributor.authorMazidi, Mohsen
dc.contributor.authorMcAlinden, Colm
dc.contributor.authorMcGarvey, Stephen Theodore
dc.contributor.authorMcGrath, John J.
dc.contributor.authorMckee, Martin
dc.contributor.authorMehata, Suresh
dc.contributor.authorMehndiratta, Man Mohan
dc.contributor.authorMehta, Kala M.
dc.contributor.authorMeier, Toni
dc.contributor.authorMekonnen, Tefera Chane
dc.contributor.authorMeles, Kidanu Gebremariam
dc.contributor.authorMemiah, Peter
dc.contributor.authorMemish, Ziad A.
dc.contributor.authorMendoza, Walter
dc.contributor.authorMengesha, Melkamu Merid
dc.contributor.authorMengistie, Mubarek Abera
dc.contributor.authorTadese, Desalegn
dc.contributor.authorMenon, Mengistu Geetha R.
dc.contributor.authorMenota, Bereket Gebremichael
dc.contributor.authorMensah, George A.
dc.contributor.authorMeretoja, Atte
dc.contributor.authorMeretoja, Tuomo J.
dc.contributor.authorMezgebe, Haftay Berhane
dc.contributor.authorMicha, Renata
dc.contributor.authorMikesell, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Ted R.
dc.contributor.authorMills, Edward J.
dc.contributor.authorMinnig, Shawn
dc.contributor.authorMirarefin, Mojde
dc.contributor.authorMirrakhimov, Erkin M.
dc.contributor.authorMisganaw, Awoke
dc.contributor.authorMishra, Shiva Raj
dc.contributor.authorMohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
dc.contributor.authorMohammadi, Alireza
dc.contributor.authorMohammed, Kedir Endris Shafiu Mohammed
dc.contributor.authorMohan, Murali B. V.
dc.contributor.authorMohanty, Sanjay K.
dc.contributor.authorMokdad, Ali H.
dc.contributor.authorAssaye, Ashagre Molla
dc.contributor.authorMollenkopf, Sarah K.
dc.contributor.authorMolokhia, Mariam
dc.contributor.authorMonasta, Lorenzo
dc.contributor.authorHernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez
dc.contributor.authorMontico, Marcella
dc.contributor.authorMooney, Meghan D.
dc.contributor.authorMoore, Ami R.
dc.contributor.authorMoradi-Lakeh, Maziar
dc.contributor.authorMoraga, Paula
dc.contributor.authorMorawska, Lidia
dc.contributor.authorVelasquez, Ilais Moreno
dc.contributor.authorMori, Rintaro
dc.contributor.authorMorrison, Shane D.
dc.contributor.authorMruts, Kalayu Birhane
dc.contributor.authorMueller, Ulrich O.
dc.contributor.authorMullany, Erin
dc.contributor.authorMuller, Kate
dc.contributor.authorVenkata, Gudlavalleti
dc.contributor.authorMurthy, Satyanarayana
dc.contributor.authorMurthy, Srinivas
dc.contributor.authorMusa, Kamarul Imran
dc.contributor.authorNachega, Jean B.
dc.contributor.authorNagata, Chie
dc.contributor.authorNagel, Gabriele
dc.contributor.authorNaghavi, Mohsen
dc.contributor.authorNaidoo, Kovin S.
dc.contributor.authorNanda, Lipika
dc.contributor.authorNangia, Vinay
dc.contributor.authorNascimento, Bruno Ramos
dc.contributor.authorNatarajan, Gopalakrishnan
dc.contributor.authorNegoi, Ionut
dc.contributor.authorCuong Tat Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorNingrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
dc.contributor.authorNisar, Muhammad Imran
dc.contributor.authorNomura, Marika
dc.contributor.authorVuong Minh Nong
dc.contributor.authorNorheim, Ole F.
dc.contributor.authorNorrving, Bo
dc.contributor.authorNoubiap, Jean Jacques N.
dc.contributor.authorNyakarahuka, Luke
dc.contributor.authorObermeyer, Carla Makhlouf
dc.contributor.authorO'Donnell, Martin J.
dc.contributor.authorOgbo, Felix Akpojene
dc.contributor.authorOh, In-Hwan
dc.contributor.authorOkoro, Anselm
dc.contributor.authorOladimeji, Olanrewaju
dc.contributor.authorOlagunju, Andrew Toyin
dc.contributor.authorOlusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
dc.contributor.authorOlusanya, Jacob Olusegun
dc.contributor.authorOren, Eyal
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorOsgood-Zimmerman, Aaron
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dc.date.accessioned2025-01-23T21:25:28Z
dc.date.available2025-01-23T21:25:28Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractBackground Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016.
dc.description.abstractMethods We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0.5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone.
dc.description.abstractFindings Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86.9 years (95% UI 86.7-87.2), and for men in Singapore, at 81.3 years (78.8-83.7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap between male and female life expectancy increased with progression to higher levels of SDI. Some countries with exceptional health performance in 1990 in terms of the difference in observed to expected life expectancy at birth had slower progress on the same measure in 2016.
dc.description.abstractInterpretation Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than 5 years. However, at the national level, considerable heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. We found evidence that the absolute gap between countries in age-specific death rates has declined, although the relative gap for some age-sex groups increased. Countries that now lead in terms of having higher observed life expectancy than that expected on the basis of development alone, or locations that have either increased this advantage or rapidly decreased the deficit from expected levels, could provide insight into the means to accelerate progress in nations where progress has stalled. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
dc.fuente.origenWOS
dc.identifier.eissn1474-547X
dc.identifier.issn0140-6736
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/101331
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:000410630000002
dc.issue.numero10100
dc.language.isoen
dc.pagina.final1150
dc.pagina.inicio1084
dc.revistaLancet
dc.rightsacceso restringido
dc.subject.ods05 Gender Equality
dc.subject.ods03 Good Health and Well-being
dc.subject.odspa05 Igualdad de género
dc.subject.odspa03 Salud y bienestar
dc.titleGlobal, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
dc.typeartículo
dc.volumen390
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.trazabilidadWOS;2025-01-12
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