Inequality in Air Pollution Monitoring and Exposure: Evidence from Four Latin American Cities

dc.article.numberIDB-DP-1087
dc.catalogadorgjm
dc.contributor.authorHoffmann, Bridget
dc.contributor.authorDomínguez Rivera, Patricio
dc.contributor.authorMedina, María Paula
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-10T13:18:37Z
dc.date.available2025-07-10T13:18:37Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractWe study inequality in monitoring and exposure to particulate matter air pollution in four metropolitan areas of Latin America, Bogota, Colombia, Mexico City, Mexico, Gran Santiago, Chile, and Sao Paulo, Brazil. We find that the population residing in close proximity to at least one monitoring station in Bogota, Mexico City, and Sao Paulo generally have higher educational attainment and income. In contrast, in Gran Santiago, education levels are generally higher further from monitoring stations. In Bogota, Mexico City, and Sao Paulo, the distance to the closest monitoring station declines and the number of monitoring stations within 3 km increases as the mean education level of the census geographic unit increases. Considering only census ge- ographic units that contain a monitoring station, we find that areas where individuals with lower educational attainment reside tend to be exposed to higher pollution lev- els. While we find small and mostly insignificant disparities in mean annual concen- trations of particulate matter, we find that lower education quintiles experience sig- nificantly more hours of extreme pollution relative to the highest education quintile. Non-linear effects of pollution imply that the small disparity in mean concentrations likely masks large disparities in the negative impacts of air pollution. Our findings indicate that in Bogota, Mexico City, and Sao Paulo, air pollution exposure is likely to be better monitored for those with higher educational attainment and income, and in all four cities, lower income and education groups have greater exposure to extreme levels of air pollution.
dc.fechaingreso.objetodigital2025-07-10
dc.format.extent99 páginas
dc.fuente.origenORCID
dc.identifier.doi10.18235/0013465
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.18235/0013465
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/104911
dc.information.autorucEscuela de Ingeniería; Domínguez Rivera, Patricio; 0000-0001-9912-5695; 17495
dc.language.isoen
dc.nota.accesocontenido completo
dc.rightsacceso abierto
dc.rights.licenseCC BY 3.0 IGO Attribution 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAir Quality
dc.subjectMetropolitan Area
dc.subjectEquality of Opportunity
dc.subjectCensus
dc.subjectEducation
dc.subjectEquality
dc.subjectEducational Level
dc.subjectIncome Distribution
dc.subjectEducational Institution
dc.subject.ddc300
dc.subject.deweyCiencias socialeses_ES
dc.subject.ods04 Quality education
dc.subject.ods11 Sustainable cities and communities
dc.subject.odspa04 Educación de calidad
dc.subject.odspa11 Ciudades y comunidades sostenibles
dc.titleInequality in Air Pollution Monitoring and Exposure: Evidence from Four Latin American Cities
dc.typeinforme
sipa.codpersvinculados17495
sipa.trazabilidadORCID;2025-07-07
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