Animales e intercambio: análisis arqueofaunístico de la Aldea San Salvador, período formativo (3000-1000 ap), región de Antofagasta, norte de Chile
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Date
2024
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Abstract
Este trabajo se centra en los conjuntos arqueofaunísticos del sitio Aldea San Salvador, adscrito al Período Formativo Medio (ca. 2300-2200 cal a.p.), ubicado en la terraza sur del río San Salvador, un afluente del río Loa, a aproximadamente 1.300 msnm y a más de 100 km de la costa.La muestra de vertebrados está dominada por peces marinos, principalmente lenguado y jurel, en comparación con los camélidos (fundamentalmente guanaco), roedores y aves. El conjunto conquiológico está compuesto mayormente por taxones marinos, posiblemente utilizados como ornamentos.Más allá de su indudable importancia en la alimentación, destacamos el papel de los animales en las redes de intercambio, ya que estos no solo actuaban como facilitadores de transacciones, sino que también eran objeto de intercambio en sí mismos. De este modo, habrían contribuido al acceso a bienes y conocimientos provenientes de lugares distantes, lo que pudo haber favorecido la diferenciación social entre los habitantes de la aldea.
This study focuses on the zooarchaeological assemblage from the San Salvador Village site, dated to the Middle Formative Period (ca. 2300-2200 cal BP), a small habitation site in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. The village is located on the southern terrace of the San Salvador River, a tributary of the Loa River, at approximately 1,300 masl and over 100 km from the coast. Despite its inland location, the vertebrate sample is predominantly composed of marine fish, mainly sole and jack mackerel, with significantly smaller quantities of camelids (primarily guanaco), rodents, and birds. The mollusk assemblage also consists mostly of marine taxa, which were possibly used as ornaments.
This study focuses on the zooarchaeological assemblage from the San Salvador Village site, dated to the Middle Formative Period (ca. 2300-2200 cal BP), a small habitation site in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. The village is located on the southern terrace of the San Salvador River, a tributary of the Loa River, at approximately 1,300 masl and over 100 km from the coast. Despite its inland location, the vertebrate sample is predominantly composed of marine fish, mainly sole and jack mackerel, with significantly smaller quantities of camelids (primarily guanaco), rodents, and birds. The mollusk assemblage also consists mostly of marine taxa, which were possibly used as ornaments.
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Keywords
Intercambio, Período Formativo, Arqueofauna, Recursos marinos, Camélidos