First Law of Thermodynamics Applied to Understanding the Energy Budget of Magmatic Dyke Systems
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Date
2023
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Abstract
The forces and nature of volcanic activity are, in essence, the result of thermodynamic processes related to a magmatic source which contains energy. A magma chamber’s stored energy is in part reflected through the formation of dykes, magmatically driven fractures, which propagate through the Earth’s crust, using the magma energy. The laws of thermodynamics are universal, if it were possible to fully quantify the energy budget of a dyke, using thermodynamic relations, it may be further possible to forecast the timing and location of a volcanic eruption. In this study, we provide the theoretical foundation to determine the various forms of energy i.e., kinetic energy (K.E), potential energy (P.E), elastic potential energy (G), magma buoyancy energy (Eb), mechanical energy (Em) and heat energy (Q), for several wellcharacterized dyke swarms. The cumulative magnitude of all forms of energy from nine provinces of the Singhbhum craton, India is estimated close to 1.53× 1010GPa, for NandurbarDhule swarms, India 2.99× 1010GPa, for Miyakejima volcano, Japan 8.25× 108GPa, for Tatara- San Pedro-Pellado volcanic complex, Chile 7.53× 107GPa. The cumulation of all forms of energy were estimated between 7.53× 107 GPa up to 1.53× 1010 GPa for the different dyke swarms. The near power law or linear relation between total energy vs mass and total energy vs volume indicate a rapid or proportional increase in energy magnitude with respect to mass and volume. The extremely low kinetic energy of magma flow is attributed to the no-slip condition and size variability of a dyke. The estimated dyke energies and their simple scaling relation with respect to mass and volume is the first step toward understanding the behaviours of the volcanic and magmatic processes and there could be many avenues for future work on this problem.
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Thermodynamics, Dykes, Dykes energy, Volcanic eruption