Fluorescent B(III) and Sn(IV) Schiff base: Synthesis, photophysical properties, emergent behavior, applications, and fluorescence mechanism
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Date
2026
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Publisher
Elsevier Ltd.
Abstract
In this review, we describe the preparation methods, photophysical properties, and applications of fluorescent Boron(III) and Tin(IV) Schiff base. Although Schiff base have been known for a long time, Boron(III) and Tin(IV) compounds derived from them have gained significant attention in materials chemistry in recent decades. Remarkably, fluorescent organoboron and organotin complexes offer several advantages, such as being synthesized via green methods and exhibiting desirable physical and optical properties. Notably, the low cytotoxicity of organoboron compounds makes them excellent fluorescence dyes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. We present the most recent studies of Boron(III) and Tin(IV) compounds and highlight the favorable photophysical and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, we discuss materials that respond to various stimuli -physical, chemical and biological. Some fluorescent organoboron and tin complexes behave as smart materials, showing multi-stimuli responsiveness through processes such as mechanochromism, thermochromism, piezochromism, and vapochromism, most of which are observed in the solid-state. We also include several quantum chemical studies aimed at understanding the electronic structures and optical properties of these fluorescent Schiff base complexes.
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Keywords
Photophysical properties, Fluorescent bioimaging, Green synthesis, Fluorescent mechanism, Boron and tin Schiff base