Global Variation in the Prevalence of Elevated Cholesterol in Outpatients With Established Vascular Disease or 3 Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to National Indices of Economic Development and Health System Performance

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dc.contributor.authorVenkitachalam, Lakshmi
dc.contributor.authorWang, Kaijun
dc.contributor.authorPorath, Avi
dc.contributor.authorCorbalan, Ramon
dc.contributor.authorHirsch, Alan T.
dc.contributor.authorCohen, David J.
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Sidney C., Jr.
dc.contributor.authorOhman, E. Magnus
dc.contributor.authorSteg, Ph Gabriel
dc.contributor.authorBhatt, Deepak L.
dc.contributor.authorMagnuson, Elizabeth A.
dc.contributor.authorREACH Registry Investigators
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-10T12:05:43Z
dc.date.available2024-01-10T12:05:43Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.description.abstractBackground-Elevated serum cholesterol accounts for a considerable proportion of cardiovascular disease worldwide. An understanding of the relationship between country-level economic and health system factors and elevated cholesterol may provide insight for prioritization of cardiovascular prevention programs.
dc.description.abstractMethods and Results-Using hierarchical models, we examined the relationship between elevated total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL) in 53 570 outpatients from 36 countries, and tertiles of several country-level indices: (1) gross national income, (2) total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product, (3) government expenditure on health as percentage of total expenditure on health, (4) out-of-pocket expenditures as percentage of private expenditure on health, and the World Health Organization indices of (5) Health System Achievement and (6) Performance/Efficiency. Overall, 38% of outpatients had total cholesterol >200 mg/dL (>5.18 mmol/L), and 9.3% of the total variability in elevated cholesterol was at the country level; this proportion was higher for patients with (12.1%) versus without (7.4%) history of hyperlipidemia. Among patients with history of hyperlipidemia, countries in the highest tertile of gross national income or World Health Organization Health System Achievement had lower odds of elevated cholesterol than lower tertiles (P<0.001, for both). Countries in the highest tertile of out-of-pocket health expenditures had higher odds of elevated cholesterol than those in the lowest tertile (P<0.001). No significant associations were found for patients without history of hyperlipidemia.
dc.description.abstractConclusions-Global variations in the prevalence of elevated cholesterol among patients with history of hyperlipidemia are associated with country-level economic development and health system indices. These results support the need for strengthening efforts toward effective cardiovascular disease prevention and control and may provide insight for health policy setting at the national level. (Circulation. 2012; 125: 1858-1869.)
dc.description.funderSanofi-Aventis
dc.description.funderBristol-Myers Squibb
dc.description.funderWaksman Foundation (Tokyo, Japan)
dc.description.funderAmerican Heart Association
dc.description.funderSaint-Luke's Mid America Heart Institute
dc.description.funderBoston Scientific
dc.description.funderAbbott Vascular
dc.description.funderEdwards Lifesciences
dc.description.funderMerck/Schering Plough
dc.description.funderDaiichi-Sankyo
dc.description.funderSt. Jude medical
dc.description.funderAstra Zeneca
dc.description.funderBristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Aventis
dc.description.funderCV Therapeutics
dc.description.funderDaiichi Sankyo
dc.description.funderDatascope
dc.description.funderEli Lilly
dc.description.funderMarquet
dc.description.funderSchering-Plough
dc.description.funderMedicines Company
dc.description.funderAbiomed
dc.description.funderGilead Sciences
dc.description.funderLiposcience
dc.description.funderNorthpoint Domain
dc.description.funderPozen
dc.description.funderResponse Biomedical
dc.description.funderWebMD
dc.description.funderServier
dc.description.funderAmarin
dc.description.funderEisai
dc.description.funderEthicon
dc.description.funderMedtronic
dc.fechaingreso.objetodigital2024-05-20
dc.format.extent23 páginas
dc.fuente.origenWOS
dc.identifier.doi10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.064378
dc.identifier.eissn1524-4539
dc.identifier.issn0009-7322
dc.identifier.pubmedidMEDLINE:22492667
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.064378
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/76058
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:000302957800013
dc.information.autorucMedicina;Corbalan R ;S/I;98700
dc.issue.numero15
dc.language.isoen
dc.nota.accesocontenido parcial
dc.publisherLIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
dc.revistaCIRCULATION
dc.rightsacceso restringido
dc.subjectcardiovascular disease
dc.subjecthypercholesterolemia
dc.subjectglobal trends
dc.subjecthealth system performance
dc.subjectnational health expenditures
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME
dc.subjectEVENT RATES
dc.subjectPREVENTION
dc.subjectCOUNTRIES
dc.subjectATHEROTHROMBOSIS
dc.subjectAFFORDABILITY
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY
dc.subjectGUIDELINES
dc.subjectMEDICINES
dc.subjectREDUCTION
dc.subject.ods03 Good Health and Well-being
dc.subject.odspa03 Salud y bienestar
dc.titleGlobal Variation in the Prevalence of Elevated Cholesterol in Outpatients With Established Vascular Disease or 3 Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to National Indices of Economic Development and Health System Performance
dc.typeartículo
dc.volumen125
sipa.codpersvinculados98700
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.indexScopus
sipa.trazabilidadCarga SIPA;09-01-2024
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