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A behavioural comparison of route choice on metro networks : time transfers crowding topology and socio-demographics
(2014) Raveau Feliú, Sebastián; Guo, Z.; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Wilson, N.; CEDEUS (Chile)
A bumpy ride: structural inequalities, quality standards, and institutional limitations affecting cycling infrastructure
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Tiznado-Aitken, Ignacio; Mora Vega, Rodrigo; Oyarzun, Gabriel; Vergara, Jaime; Vecchio, Giovanni; CEDEUS (Chile)
Structural socio-economic and institutional limitations can affect the implementation of cycling infrastructure. More stringent cycling infrastructure standards aiming to solve deficiencies might exacerbate disparities, especially in poor districts with fragmentary governance. Using an audit and quantitative and spatial analysis of cycleways, this paper examines to what extent structural inequalities and governance issues affect the availability and quality of cycling infrastructure, considering new indicative and normative standards aiming at improving cycling infrastructure in Santiago, Chile. Our results show that the distribution of cycleways is unequal and only partially complies with national quality standards. All districts in the city have both high and low standard bicycle lanes, but since district finances have huge differences, this can lead to inequalities in cycle coverage and districts' capabilities to address current standard problems. This raises relevant challenges regarding governance and how to ensure an equitable distribution of cycling infrastructure in Global South cities.
A Call for Biomonitoring Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Considerations for Potentially Toxic Metals/ Metalloids
(Ubiquity Press, 2022) Tamayo-Ortiz, Marcela; Riojas-Rodríguez, Horacio; Téllez-Rojo, Marta M.; Boischio, Ana; Mañay, Nelly; Menezes-Filho, José Antonio; Queirolo, Elena I.; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Kordas, Katarzyna; CEDEUS (Chile)
The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region makes up 8.4% of the world’s population. Human biomonitoring (HBM) programs, which can shed light on populationlevel exposure to environmental contaminants such as toxic metals and thus, improve the health of the populations are inexistent in LAC countries. We call for the creation of HBM programs in the region and identify three viable design options for HBM at the individual level, through national surveys, newborn blood collection, and biobanks. We highlight some of challenges to the implementation of HBM programs, including financial and human resources, technical constrains (laboratory), sample, and data logistics. Finally, we provide the case studies of Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay, to illustrate a range of responses to toxic metal exposure in non-occupational populations. Although different in many respects, the individual country responses share two commonalities: 1) academic centers drive the research to raise awareness of governmental entities; 2) reference levels are adapted from international norms rather than arising from the studied populations. Well-designed and sufficiently funded biomonitoring systems need to be established in each country of the LAC region. HBM programs are key to promoting human health by informing the public and contributing to policy processes that establish sustainable environmental controls and health prevention programs.
A combined destination and route choice model for a bicycle sharing system
(2016) González, Felipe; Melo Riquelme, C.; Grange Concha, Louis de; CEDEUS (Chile)
This paper studies the supply variables that influence the destination and route choices of users of a bicycle sharing system in the Chilean city of Santiago. A combined trip demand logit model is developed whose explanatory variables represent attributes relating to the topology of the possible routes and other characteristics such as the presence of bikeways, bus service and controlled intersections. The data for the explanatory variables and system users were collected through field surveys of the routes and interviews conducted at the system stations. The results of the model show that proximity to stops on the Santiago Metro and the existence of bikeways are the main factors influencing destination and route choices. Also indicated by the model estimates are gender differences, a preference for tree-lined routes and an avoidance of routes with bus services. Finally, the outcomes reveal considerable potential for the integration of bicycle sharing systems with Metro transit.
A comparative study of soil metal concentrations in Chilean urban parks using four pollution indexes
(2022) Vega, Alejandra; Arce, Guillermo; Rivera, Javier I.; Acevedo, Sara E.; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Bonilla, Carlos A.; Pasten Gonzalez, Pablo Arturo; CEDEUS (Chile)
Toxic metal enrichment in urban soils from natural and anthropogenic sources is a public health concern thatchallenges sustainable urban development. Active and legacy mining is likely a major contributor of localizedmetal pollution in resource-based economies, although other sources associated with industrial and trans-portation activities may also contribute in urban settings. In mining countries, such as Chile, with no soil qualityregulation, public policies that seek to protect human health should assess metal distribution and pollution in-dexes to guide interventions, especially in urban green spaces. To assess the role of active and legacy miningwaste sites within the urban and peri-urban areas, metal concentrations in the soils of urban parks weremeasured in this study, and four pollution indexes were calculated for four cities of Chile. Copiap ́o and Andacolloin northern Chile represented the cities with several active and legacy mining waste sites located within theurban and peri-urban areas, while conurbation La Serena-Coquimbo and Gran Santiago represented the cities inmining districts that lacked major mining waste sites within their urban perimeters. A total of 82 (Copiap ́o), 30(Andacollo), 26 (La Serena-Coquimbo), and 59 (Gran Santiago) composite surface soil samples were collectedfrom the urban parks. Considering Canadian guidelines for residential/parkland soils, the value for Cu (63 mg/kg) was found to be exceeded in 99%, 50%, 100%, and 97% of samples collected from Copiap ́o, La Serena-Coquimbo, Andacollo, and Gran Santiago, respectively. The guidelines for lead (140 mg/kg) and zinc (250mg/kg) were exceeded in less than 12% of samples collected from Copiap ́o and Gran Santiago. Arsenic was notmainly quantified (<10% quantification frequency, quantification limit = 36 mg/kg). The calculated modifiedpollution load, Nemerow, and soil quality indexes indicated that soils in the urban parks were more polluted incities with urban mine wastes, however, the pollution load index ranked higher metal pollution in Gran Santiago.This study presented the first comparative study of metals in urban parks of Chile, highlighting a large proportionof parks with soil copper concentrations above the international guidelines, while showing higher median values in cities containing urban mine waste disposal sites.
A composite indicator approach to assess the sustainability and resilience of wastewater management alternatives
(2020) Sun, Y.; Garrido Baserba, M.; Molinos Senante, María; Donikian, N. A.; Poch, M.; Rosso, D.; CEDEUS (Chile)
A comprehensive assessment of energy efficiency of wastewater treatment plants: An efficiency analysis tree approach
(2023) Maziotis, Alexandros; Sala-Garrido, Ramon; Mocholi-Arce, Manuel; Molinos-Senante, Maria; CEDEUS (Chile)
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are energy intensive facilities. Controlling energy use in WWTPs could bring substantial benefits to people and environment. Understanding how energy efficient the wastewater treatment process is and what drives efficiency would allow treating wastewater in a more sustainable way. In this study, we employed the efficiency analysis trees approach, that combines machine learning and linear programming techniques, to estimate energy efficiency of wastewater treatment process. The findings indicated that considerable energy inefficiency among WWTPs in Chile existed. The mean energy efficiency was 0.287 suggesting that energy use should cut reduce by 71.3 % to treat the same volume of wastewater. This was equivalent to a reduction in energy use by 0.40 kWh/m3 on average. Moreover, only 4 out of 203 assessed WWTPs (1.97 %) were identified as energy efficient. It was also found that the age of treatment plant and type of secondary technology played an important role in explaining energy efficiency variations among WWTPs.
A comprehensive evaluation of pedotransfer functions for predicting soil water content in environmental modeling and ecosystem management
(2018) Contreras, Cristina P.; Bonilla Meléndez, Carlos Alberto; CEDEUS (Chile)
A comprehensive perspective of unreliable public transport services' costs
(2020) Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Soza Parra, Jaime Antonio; Raveau Feliú, Sebastián; CEDEUS (Chile)
A conceptual framework for integrated analysis of environmental quality and quality of life
(2014) Banzhaf, Ellen; de la Barrera, Francisco; Kindler, Annegret; Reyes-Paecke, Sonia; Schlink, Uwe; Welz, Juliane; Kabisch, Sigrun; CEDEUS (Chile)
Environmental quality has a strong influence on the quality of life for human beings. There are direct linkages between primary elements of the environment, such as air, water, and land surface and the quality of life. Our main research refers to the question how residents and their environment interact by assessing the measured and perceived environmental quality and quality of life. Although, this integrated research requires a wide range of data, there is a lack of studies which have attempted to combine qualitative and quantitative data on quality of the environment and subsequently, quality of life. Based on Lawrence's (2011) notion of environmental quality as a complex concept that is neither static nor absolute, we focus on two interrelated sets of components: bio-geophysical, measurable components and subjective susceptibility of the environmental burdens. We do this by a combined qualitative and quantitative analysis to draw out dimensions of environmental quality and subsequently, quality of life. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A congested and dwell time dependent transit corridor assignment model
(2016) Borja, Alonso; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Ibeas Henríquez, Miguel Ángel; Moura, José, Luis; CEDEUS (Chile)
A critical review of heat and mass transfer in vegetative roof models used in building energy and urban enviroment simulation tools
(2018) Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Pinto, Camilo; Tabares Velasco, Paulo Cesar; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; CEDEUS (Chile)
A Dynamic, Multivariate Sustainability Measure for Robust Analysis of Water Management under Climate and Demand Uncertainty in an Arid Environment
(2015) Hunter Cure, Christian Kent; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; CEDEUS (Chile)
A flexible and time-efficient schedule-based communication tool for integrated lighting and thermal simulations of spaces with controlled artificial lighting and complex fenestration systems
(2016) Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Molina, G.; Uribe, D.; CEDEUS (Chile)
A GIS-based urban and peri-urban landscape representation toolbox for hydrological distributed modeling
(2017) Sanzana Cuevas, Pedro Pablo; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Brand, I.; Branger, F.; Rodríguez, F.; Vargas, X.; Hitschfeld, N.; Muñoz Pardo, José Francisco; Vicuña, Sebastián; Mejía, A.; Jankowski, S.; CEDEUS (Chile)
A global horizon scan for urban evolutionary ecology
(2022) Verrelli, Brian C.; Alberti, Marina; Des Roches, Simone; Harris, Nyeema C.; Hendry, Andrew P.; Johnson, Marc T. J.; Savage, Amy M.; Charmantier, Anne; Gotanda, Kiyoko M.; Govaert, Lynn; Miles, Lindsay S.; Rivkin, L. Ruth; Winchell, Kristin M.; Brans, Kristien I.; Correa, Cristian; Diamond, Sarah E.; Fitzhugh, Ben; Grimm, Nancy B.; Hughes, Sara; Marzluff, John M.; Munshi-South, Jason; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Santangelo, James S.; Schell, Christopher J.; Schweitzer, Jennifer A.; Szulkin, Marta; Urban, Mark C.; Zhou, Yuyu; Ziter, Carly; CEDEUS (Chile)
The impact of urbanization on biodiversity has been well documented, yet research into the complex dynamics of ecological and evolutionary processes in urban areas is still in its infancy. When novel research challenges emerge, a horizon scan exercise is an integrated approach that brings together global interdisciplinary-minded individuals to identify future research questions that can influence new collaborations and funding agenda. Our horizon scan identified 30 questions for future research in urban evolutionary ecology covering themes in fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes, temporal and spatial scales, sustainability, climate change, sociopolitical and ethical considerations, and innovation in technology. Research on the evolutionary ecology of urban areas reveals how human-induced evolutionary changes affect biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. In a rapidly urbanizing world imposing many selective pressures, a time-sensitive goal is to identify the emergent issues and research priorities that affect the ecology and evolution of species within cities. Here, we report the results of a horizon scan of research questions in urban evolutionary ecology submitted by 100 interdisciplinary scholars. We identified 30 top questions organized into six themes that highlight priorities for future research. These research questions will require methodological advances and interdisciplinary collaborations, with continued revision as the field of urban evolutionary ecology expands with the rapid growth of cities.
A greener urban environment: designing green infrastructure interventions to promote citizens’ subjective wellbeing
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Navarrete-Hernández, Pablo; Laffan, Kate; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos
Research using subjective wellbeing (SWB) measures finds that the greener an individual's local environment is, the higher the levels of happiness and the lower levels of stress they tend to report experiencing. This literature presents positive associations between existing large-scale green spaces, such as urban parks or squares, and the wellbeing of residents living in close proximity to them. In contrast, in the current work, we present a novel approach which combines SWB measures with photo simulation in order to examine the impact of street-level green infrastructure interventions on the people's perceptions of the SWB associated with urban sites. We tested the approach with the attendees of the 20th Biennale on Architecture and Urbanism in Chile in 2017, exploring the impact of four different types of street-level green interventions. The results indicate that all types of green interventions considered significantly increase the perceived happiness and reduce the perceived stress associated with the sites during short exposures, with varying effect sizes across different types and scales of interventions. The proposed technique could be used in urban planning processes to examine the potential SWB benefits of green infrastructure investments prior to their being rolled out.
A Heat Vulnerability Index: Spatial Patterns of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity for Santiago de Chile
(2016) Inostroza, Luis; Palme, Massimo; de la Barrera, Francisco; CEDEUS (Chile)
Climate change will worsen the high levels of urban vulnerability in Latin American cities due to specific environmental stressors. Some impacts of climate change, such as high temperatures in urban environments, have not yet been addressed through adaptation strategies, which are based on poorly supported data. These impacts remain outside the scope of urban planning. New spatially explicit approaches that identify highly vulnerable urban areas and include specific adaptation requirements are needed in current urban planning practices to cope with heat hazards. In this paper, a heat vulnerability index is proposed for Santiago, Chile. The index was created using a GIS-based spatial information system and was constructed from spatially explicit indexes for exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity levels derived from remote sensing data and socio-economic information assessed via principal component analysis (PCA). The objective of this study is to determine the levels of heat vulnerability at local scales by providing insights into these indexes at the intra city scale. The results reveal a spatial pattern of heat vulnerability with strong variations among individual spatial indexes. While exposure and adaptive capacities depict a clear spatial pattern, sensitivity follows a complex spatial distribution. These conditions change when examining PCA results, showing that sensitivity is more robust than exposure and adaptive capacity. These indexes can be used both for urban planning purposes and for proposing specific policies and measures that can help minimize heat hazards in highly dynamic urban areas. The proposed methodology can be applied to other Latin American cities to support policy making.
A joint best-worst scaling and stated choice model considering observed and unobserved heterogeneity : an application to residential location choice
(2015) Balbontin, C.; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; Swait, J. D.; CEDEUS (Chile)
A lightweight fiber-based approach to reduce the risk of concrete detachment in shotcrete fortified tunnels
(2020) Ortiz, C.; Lillo Gallardo, Patricio Andrés; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)

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