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Browsing Centros UC by Subject "01 Fin de la pobreza"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Adaptive capacity as local sustainable development: contextualizing and comparing risks and resilience in two chilean regions
    (MDPI, 2021) Barton, Jonathan Richard; Gutiérrez-Antinopai, Felipe Aníbal; Escalona Ulloa, Miguel; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Geografía
    Regional resilience refers to an immanent condition for facing multiple risks on a permanent basis, both episodic and incremental. These risks are not only linked to natural disasters and climate change, but also to poverty and inequality of access to services such as health, and personal safety. This article considers the underlying conditions that shape regional resilience in Chile, based on inter-regional and intra-regional comparisons in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago and the Region of Araucanía. Instead of viewing resilience in terms of an ability to counter a single risk, the article highlights the fact that risks are multiple and overlapping over time and generated at different scales. Municipal level data on poverty, health, and public finances in the two regions reveal the contrasting underlying inequalities that point to regional mosaics of resilience rather than homogeneity. Different threats are superposed on these preexisting conditions of resilience. The article refers to three in particular: the 2010 Chilean earthquake (episodic); climate change (episodic and incremental); and the Covid-19 pandemic (episodic). The findings point to high levels of urban versus rural differentiation, and also high differentiation within the Santiago Metropolitan Area based on socio-economic conditions. This regional mosaic of underlying structural conditions suggests that regional resilience can be enhanced by engaging with structural socio-spatial inequalities rather than a focus on managing risks via siloed, threat-by-threat responses.
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    Effects of the Great Recession on suicide mortality in Chile and contributing factors
    (2022) Baeza Rivas, Fernando Antonio; González López, Francisca Teresa; Benmarhnia, Tarik; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Between 2008 and 2009 suicide rates in Chile were higher than those observed before and after, increasing more than in other countries in Latin America. The Great Recession has been suggested as an important factor behind this increase. This study assesses the excess of suicide attributable to the crisis in Chile, a “mature” neoliberal society with a precarious social security system, low salaries, and high levels of indebtedness, and identifies the most relevant economic variables that may contribute to this excess. We pooled data since 2000 on monthly suicide rates, unemployment, economic activity and perception of problematic indebtedness for different sex and age groups. We adopted an interrupted time series design with Poisson regressions models adjusted for monthly variations and non-linear pre-crisis trajectories via restricted cubic splines. We then further controlled for economic variables to evaluate their possible contributions to suicide increase attributable to the economic crisis. Suicide mortality during the crisis period was higher than in the previous period in all sex and age groups. Overall, we estimated that 301 suicides (95% CI: 181 to 422) were attributable to the crisis in Chile. This excess was concentrated among men younger than 65 and women 65 and older. Including unemployment and indebtedness perception in the models reduced the excess of suicides. The increase was concentrated in the first half of the crisis and an early pre-crisis effect could be observed when anticipating the crisis beginning by three months. Results suggest that the Great Recession had an impact on suicide mortality in Chile and that increase in unemployment and indebtedness could be related to this increase. Results by sex and age are consistent with the most vulnerable groups in the context of Chilean neoliberalism. For future crises, improving unemployment insurance, and reinforcing suicide prevention attending to the economic context should be a priority.
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    Measuring precarious employment in times of crisis: the revised Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) in Spain
    (2015) Vives Vergara, Alejandra; González, Francisca; Moncada, Salvador; Llorens, Clara; Benach, Joan; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Percepción de inseguridad en el espacio público de santiago en tiempos de pandemia
    (2022) Fuentes Arce, Luis; Rodríguez, Sebastián; Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Figueroa Martínez, Cristhian; CEDEUS (Chile)
    La percepción de inseguridad de las mujeres en el espacio público ha aumentado con la pandemia, aumentando la brecha que tienen respecto a los hombres del Gran Santiago. Esto es independiente de la zona de la ciudad y el nivel socioeconómico. Además, en términos de movilidad, las mujeres se sienten más inseguras utilizando el vehículo particular y caminando, superando ampliamente la percepción de los hombres en estos modos.
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    Urban sustainability and perceived satisfaction in neoliberal cities
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Valenzuela-Levi N.; Fuentes Arce, Luis; Ramirez M.I.; Rodriguez S.; Senoret A.; Fuentes L.; Ramirez M.I.; Rodriguez S.; Senoret A.; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2022 Elsevier LtdIn light of growing levels of urbanisation globally, the concept of urban sustainability has become an increasingly important element of the general discussion on sustainable development. However, few studies have addressed the various dimensions of sustainability and the different territorial scales on which day-to-day urban life takes place. Instances of discontent and social crisis have become commonplace in many of the world's major cities. Around the globe, inequality is seen as associated with a neoliberal urbanisation process that offers few solutions to issues of social exclusion and the climate crisis. The present work proposes the use of households' perceived satisfaction when analysing urban sustainability in neoliberal cities. Data is taken from the Sustainable Urban Development Perception Survey, conducted in the two main metropolitan areas of Chile, a country that since the 1970s has been widely considered to be a prime example of orthodox neoliberalism. We propose and test new dimensions with which to address urban sustainability, through the lens of perceived satisfaction, a key element in the analysis of the discontent that is sweeping across major cities globally.