Artículos de conferencia

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/23156

Browse

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10

Agricultura familiar campesina y cambio climático: observaciones y adaptaciones desde el sur de los Andes
(2021) Caviedes, Julián; Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás; Calvet-Mir, Laura; Braga Junqueira, André
El cambio climático, fenómeno de carácter global, afecta todos los rincones y comunidades humanas y no-humanas a escala local. Uno de los medios de vida más afectados, de manera negativa por el cambio climático, es la agricultura familiar campesina (AFC). La AFC es principalmente practicada por comunidades locales (i.e., campesinos indígenas y noindígenas) alrededor del mundo. Estas comunidades, a su vez, son las más vulnerables a los efectos negativos de estos cambios ya que su actividad principal depende directamente de los sistemas agrícolas. Paradójicamente, los conocimientos y necesidades de las comunidades locales sobre el cambio climático son raramente consideradas en la política pública. Los campesinos y campesinas tienen sus propias formas de percibir e interpretar los cambios en sus entornos y, según eso, implementan medidas para adaptarse a éstos. Durante enero y febrero de 2021, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 campesinos mapuche y no mapuche en tres localidades de la comuna de Pucón, sur de los Andes, Chile, para documentar la percepción de comunidades locales con respecto a cambios ocurridos en el ambiente y clasificar el origen de éstos. Además, se documentaron las medidas de adaptación que están implementado para afrontar estos cambios. Los participantes hicieron, en total, 222 menciones sobre cambios ambientales, de las cuales 117 se clasificaron en 39 observaciones distintas de impactos del cambio climático en sus territorios. Entre los cambios más reportados producidos por el cambio climático destacaron cambios en la temperatura media y cambios en las lluvias. Resultados similares han sido reportados por otras comunidades agrícolas en el mundo. Por ejemplo, en Uganda los agricultores percibieron una disminución en las precipitaciones y un aumento en las temperaturas que, a su vez, estaban reduciendo los rendimientos de sus cultivos. Con respecto a las medidas de adaptación, las más mencionadas tuvieron relación con cambios en la crianza de ganado, uso de fertilizantes naturales y cultivosextensivos de granos y cereales. Estas medidas de adaptación, realizadas para mantener la resiliencia de la AFC, comparten un patrón similar alrededor del mundo. Por ejemplo, un estudio concluyó que la disminución en el número de cabezas de ganado era la principal medida de adaptación al cambio climático adoptada por ganaderos a nivel global. Estos resultados enfatizan que el conocimiento y las percepciones de comunidades locales con respecto al cambio climático debiesen ser integradas en políticas públicas para contrarrestar los efectos negativos que el cambio climático está teniendo sobre la AFC.
"Between Us" at the corner of primary care and health equity: system wide primary care intervention to provide confidential care to those who need it the Most
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2018) Svetaz, María Verónica; Sixberry, Rachel; García-Huidobro Munita, Diego Nicolas
Purpose: Between Us is a system-wide intervention at the Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC), a safety net healthcare network providing care for low-income, uninsured, and vulnerable populations in the Hennepin County in Minnesota. Between Us promotes confidential youth services and parent education (http://www.betweenushealth.com/). Funded through a Family Planning Special Project of the Minnesota Department of Health and a Title X Family Planning grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Between Us has developed confidential clinical encounters in the electronic health record (EPIC) and funds sexual health services for adolescents and young adults, including clinical visits, laboratory testing, prescriptions, and procedures. Between Us began training professionals providing clinical care for adolescents and young adults at the HCMC in 2013 and begun funding sexual health services in 2014. This study reports the first evaluation of the Between Us intervention in the complete HCMC network and describes the population served, providers engaged with the program, and services delivered.
Board 119: Pre-engineering Programs and the Instillment of Empowering Abilities for Minorities: the Case of the SaviaLab Program
(2019) Miranda Mendoza, Constanza; Goñi, Julian; Fuenzalida Quilodrán, Hellen Massiel
This is a Work in Progress. In this article, we will seek to present one of the few exemplars in Chile that can be considered a pre-engineering program. The national program of Savialab. Savialab just recently won the GEDC Diversity Award granted by Airbus and the Engineering Deans Council. We’ll briefly present Savialab’s methodology and describe its participants. Finally, we’ll describe our ongoing research methodology proposed to evaluate the programs impact as a genuine pre-engineering program. STEM study programs have become increasingly relevant in modern societies as they’re considered vehicles for economic and social development. Nonetheless, one of the major concerns in STEM education is the lack of adequate representation of minorities groups in these programs. Examples of this are women, low-income, rural or first-generation students, and ethnic minorities and other social identities typically underrepresented in STEM. To overcome these challenges, many public and private initiatives have been deployed. Among these, engineering schools in the US have developed educational programs to instill engineering abilities in pre-college students. These programs have been called pre-engineering programs. Although there are a significant number of articles showing the positive impact of pre-engineering, there is still concern about the lack of standards in instructional designs. In spite of the fact that ‘pre-engineering’ as a concept is becoming more broadly employed in the US, it hasn’t really reached popularity in Latin America, nor in Chile in particular
Healthcare network’s response and resilience in Iquique after the 2014, Pisagua earthquake
(National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering, 2017) Vásquez, Andrea; Rivera Jofré, Felipe Andrés; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Mitrani-Reiser, Judith
On April 1st, 2014, the 8.2 Mw Pisagua earthquake affected the population in the north of Chile and generated disruption of services in the region. The largest effects of the earthquake were observed in the city of Iquique, capital of the Tarapaca Region, where more than 80% of the population of the region lives. This research describes the response of the public healthcare network of Iquique after the earthquake, and aims to identify the principal factors contributing to the network resilience during the early response and recovery phase after the earthquake. Despite the large magnitude of the earthquake, the observed structural damage was minor in the five healthcare centers considered (i.e., the regional hospital and 4 Primary Healthcare Attention Centers, PHACs). However, disruption of services in the healthcare network was large and due mainly to the collapse of non-structural components. Overall, the proper response of the healthcare network of Iquique was heavily supported by the PHACs, which largely provided first-aid, containment, and low-complexity attention to the population, allowing the hospital to focus on more complex procedures. The findings of this study suggest that the resilience of the healthcare network system, besides the robustness of the network’s facilities and their critical units, is also highly dependent on the interrelations and interactions between them in early post-earthquake recovery phases.
Multiple Equilibria in Oligopolistic Power Markets with Feed-in Tariff Incentives for Renewable Energy Generation
(IEEE, 2015) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Pérez de Arce Jeria, Miguel Felipe; Contreras, J.
Different policies have been implemented to incentivize the development of renewable energy generation. One of these policies is the feed-in tariff mechanism. When evaluating this policy, the typical approach is to look at the social welfare and the carbon emission reductions obtained in the optimal dispatch solution. However, in the context of oligopolistic competition in power markets, multiple market equilibria may take place. Under such a paradigm, there is generally no information about the consequences of actually occurring an equilibrium that is different than the one obtained from the optimization algorithm. Thus, a relevant question is whether the implementation of a feed-in-tariff policy decreases social welfare for all possible market equilibria or not. This paper analyzes the existence of multiple equilibria within the context of oligopolistic competition in power markets and studies the social welfare resulting in each one of them. We find that there may be equilibria for which the feed-in tariff policy increases social welfare, but also there may be equilibria for which this policy reduces social welfare. Moreover, carbon emission reductions vary from equilibrium to equilibrium, significantly varying the cost-effectiveness of the feed-in-tariff policy in reducing emissions.
Pobreza energética y segregación espacial: nuevas dimensiones urbanas para la desigualdad.
(UPC. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019) Encinas Pino, Felipe Alfonso; Aguirre Nunez, Carlos Andres; Truffello Robledo, Ricardo Enrique; Puig Vazquez, Isidro Abraham; Hidalgo Dattwyler, Rodrigo Alejandro
El concepto de pobreza energética nace a principios de los años 90 en el Reino Unido como la incapacidad de obtener en un hogar la cantidad adecuada de servicios energéticos por el 10% del ingreso familiar (Boardman 1991). Esta definición posteriormente ha sido complementada con aspectos constructivos y de habitabilidad, a partir de, por ejemplo, el establecimiento de una temperatura límite para la obtención de confort (DOE 1996).En la literatura internacional más reciente es posible encontrar definiciones con un fuerte sesgo interdisciplinar a partir de la accesibilidad a 3 umbrales de vulnerabilidad: tecnológico, físico y económico (González-Eguino 2015). Este último es el más ampliamente utilizado en países desarrollados, principalmente asociado al consumo de calefacción para uso doméstico (concepto más preciso de “fuel poverty”), aunque se reconoce que tiende a subestimar la cantidad de hogares que efectivamente no puede costear el consumo energético para estas mínimas condiciones de habitabilidad, o la provisión de otras demandas de energía, que constituyen el denominado umbral tecnológico (Mould y Baker 2017; Bouzarovski y Petrova 2015). Por otra parte, el umbral físico ha sido estudiado de manera más reciente desde el confort térmico, específicamente en su relación con la vulnerabilidad y salud, encontrando correlaciones significativas con respecto a las características constructivas de las viviendas (Grey, Jiang y Poortinga 2015; Atsalis et al. 2016).En este contexto, la incorporación de metodologías de segregación socio-espacial para enriquecer este concepto es de muy reciente data y todavía no ha sido aplicado a nivel nacional. Este enfoque resulta importante, puesto que permite identificar zonas de aglomeración de pobreza energética, aspecto importante para el diseño de políticas urbanas.
Pre-engineering programs and the instillment of empowering abilities for minorities : the case of the SaviaLab Program
(2019) Miranda Mendoza, Constanza; Iñaki, Julián; Massiel, Hellen
In this article, we will seek to present one of the few exemplars in Chile that can be considered a pre-engineering program. The national program of Savialab. Savialab just recently won the GEDC Diversity Award granted by Airbus and the Engineering Deans Council. We’ll briefly present Savialab’s methodology and describe its participants. Finally, we’ll describe our ongoing research methodology proposed to evaluate the programs impact as a genuine pre-engineering program. STEM study programs have become increasingly relevant in modern societies as they’re considered vehicles for economic and social development. Nonetheless, one of the major concerns in STEM education is the lack of adequate representation of minorities groups in these programs. Examples of this are women, low-income, rural or first-generation students, and ethnic minorities and other social identities typically underrepresented in STEM. To overcome these challenges, many public and private initiatives have been deployed. Among these, engineering schools in the US have developed educational programs to instill engineering abilities in pre-college students. These programs have been called pre-engineering programs. Although there are a significant number of articles showing the positive impact of pre-engineering, there is still concern about the lack of standards in instructional designs. In spite of the fact that ‘pre-engineering’ as a concept is becoming more broadly employed in the US, it hasn’t really reached popularity in Latin America, nor in Chile in particular.
Sentiment analysis and prediction of events in TWITTER
(IEEE, 2015) Montesinos, Lucas; Rodríguez, Juan Pablo; Orchard, Marcos; Eyheramendy Duerr, Susana
Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, is a mechanism for understanding the natural disposition that people possess towards a specific topic. This type of information is very valuable for certain industries - digital marketing companies use sentiment analysis to track the public's mood about a particular product, the view of elected authorities in a given country, or to explain sports allegiances, among many other goals. A common approach to sentiment analysis consists of systematically reviewing content from websites, especially social networks like Facebook, Twitter, and Google+, and using an algorithm to determine the opinions of the masses. For this work, the main body of analysis came from the "Twittersphere." On the Twitter platform, users send 140-character messages to the social network as a means of expressing their viewpoints on certain issues. These messages, or "tweets," are then shown in the user's homepage. Twitter is used widely in Chile. This work analyzed the public's opinions on the presidential primaries for the Alliance political party between Andres Allamand "RenovaciÃ³n Nacional" (RN) and Pablo Longueira from "Union Democrata Independiente" (UDI) using information collected from Twitter in that country. After gathering all relevant data, researchers used sentiment analysis to predict the outcome of the primaries. This data identified citizens who were in favor (positive) of either Allamand or Longueira and people who were against (negative) any political party or persuasion. Researchers designed a dictionary algorithm to aid in these predictions. This was comprised of certain positive and negative words, which, when applied to the Twitter data, was able to determine the polarity of the message: positive, negative, and/or neutral. In addition, an exponential function was used for analyzing the distance between the words, which is useful to gather opinions where both candidates are mentioned, identifying polarity for each of them separately. Later, a score was assigned to each Twitter user. Those cumulative scores were ultimately used to predict the way those given users would vote in the primary elections.
Socio-ornitología: una aproximación integradora y crítica para el estudio de los sistemas aves-gente en Chile
(2017) Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás; Pizarro, J. Cristóbal; Barreau, Antonia; Piñones Cañete, César; Sarmiento, Fausto O.
Las relaciones entre las aves y la gente son parte del complejo vínculo entre la diversidad biológica y las culturas. Este vínculo es evidente en la forma en que los problemas ambientales (deforestación, desertificación, contaminación, sobre-explotación) y sociales (pobreza, inequidad, erosión cultural) impactan a las aves y a las comunidades de forma sinérgica. Por esto, una aproximación interdisciplinaria pero también crítica es necesaria para abordar esta relación. Sin embargo, la elevada ultra-especialización académica evalúa las causas de estos problemas de forma disociada y entiende los impactos sobre las aves o sobre la gente también de forma aislada. Nosotros proponemos una " socio-ornitología " basada en un ciclo de tres pasos que (i) entiende las relaciones aves-gente dentro de sistemas socio-ecológicos interconectados, (ii) examina los problemas socio-ambientales usando " lentes críticos " de las ciencias naturales y sociales (e.g. ecología, historia, educación ambiental, etnociencias, artes) y (iii) propone acciones de conservación interdisciplinaria que aborde factores multi-escalares y multi-dimensionales de estos problemas. Se entregan casos de Chile para ilustrar este análisis socio-ornitológico. Finalmente, se sugiere que ornitólogos trabajando en iniciativas de conservación requieren de un entrenamiento interdisciplinario y contextualizado por la relación recíproca que existe entre los problemas sociales y ambientales en el país.
The Relationship Between Social Participation and Internet Addiction in Older Persons
(2020) Rosell Cisternas, Javiera; Vergés, Álvaro
The addiction to technology of older persons is an emerging field,because the literature tends to focus only on the benefits of the use of technologyin this age group. Along with this, there is interest in how participation improvesthe quality of life of older persons. In this context, the present study aims to examine the association between the level of participation of older individuals and theiraddictive behaviors to Internet, including lack of control and emotional deregulation. All this, considering the social influence for the use of the Internet as amediator of this relationship. For this, 151 older Internet users answered a set ofquestions about internet addiction, level of participation, and social influence forthe use of technology. A structural equation modeling was carried out to evaluatethe mediation model. The results show that the level of participation is indirectlyassociated with the two dimensions of Internet addiction, via the social influencethat promotes the use of technology. This has important implications in the development of interventions that encourage Internet use in older persons, decreasingaddictive behaviors that could emerge as the use of technology becomes morecommon.

Browse

Browsing Artículos de conferencia by Subject "01 No poverty"

Results Per Page

Sort Options