3.03 Tesis doctorado
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Browsing 3.03 Tesis doctorado by Subject "01 No poverty"
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- ItemAdolescent Life Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Triadic Family Interactions and Mental Health(2022) Álvarez Kozubová, Karla; Olhaberry Huber, Marcia; Širová, Eva; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de PsicologíaAdolescents experience changes, discomfort and increased risk of psychopathology (Vicente et al., 2012), whose approach has been insufficient from the perspective focused on vulnerability/risk. The multidimensional perspective of health that considers protective and opportunity factors of development (Steinberg, 2014) becomes important. Subjective well-being (SWB) has been positioned as a multidimensional health assessment (Suldo & Shaffer, 2008), and the life satisfaction construct (LS) (Diener et al., 1985) as the most stable measure of SWB in constituting the overall judgment of the adolescents regarding their lives and the achievement of their aspirations, values and interests influenced by culture (Eid & Diener, 2004; Maddux, 2018; Seligman, 2011) in addition to their discomfort or symptoms. Objectives: to assess the relationship between life satisfaction, quality of triadic interactions (QIT) and mental health (MH) characteristics (risk and protection) in two groups of Chilean adolescents. Method: casecontrol study (Case: 30 triads with adolescent receiving care in mental health and Control: 15 triads with adolescent not receiving), non-experimental, cross-sectional with correlational analysis. Measurement with self-report and observational methodology was used (Satisfaction with Life Scale Adapted for Children, Family APGAR, Parenting Alliance Inventory, Relationship Assessment Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory, KIDSCREEN-52, Survey of Variables Associated with Life Satisfaction and Lausanne Trilogue Play). Results: in the case group, adolescents self-reported significantly lower LS and lower perception of protective mental health factors, higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems, and on average, each adolescent reported more expressed concerns, clinical syndromes and personality prototypes. The QTI, triad structure and dynamics, and co-parenting observed were significantly lower. Meanwhile, triad involvement and adolescent 14 engagement was similar in both groups. Self-reported co-parenting was significantly different between mothers and fathers in each case triad, and mothers were less satisfied in the co-parenting and couple relationship domain than controls. The relationship between adolescent APGAR and that of their respective father figure was inverse in both groups. Case group adolescent LS correlated negatively with emotional and peer problems and in both groups with depressive affect and personality traits in the pain and dependency polarities. Meanwhile, in both groups, the association between LS, adolescent APGAR and protective factors such as physical and psychological well-being, family, school and peer relationships, etc. was positive. In the case group, LS correlated positively with the ability of the triad to co-construct and focus on a task (LTP). The group variable contributed 9.8% of the variance of LS, and the multivariate model implemented with adolescent, father, mother and group APGARs, 52%, without maternal perception being significant. Discussion: evaluating LS, from a context of triadic interactions, with observational LTP methodology in middle adolescence and case-control design, places this study as a pioneer. It is suggested to replicate the study, correcting its limitations, mainly the sample size. In addition, the results on the inverse relationship between paternal perception of the family, co-parenting and couple and adolescent LS should be considered. All of the above will make it possible to strengthen the conclusions and guide prevention and intervention strategies, reinforcing co-parenting in families with adolescent children.
- ItemCIVIC ENGAGEMENT AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN CHILE(2023) Caro Puga, Sara; Martínez Guzmán, María Loreto; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de PsicologíaDespite the importance of civic engagement in old age, few studies analyze this phenomenon in the Chilean context. Mainly, civic engagement among older adults in Chile has been studied from the associativity and social participation (UC-Caja Los Andes 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016; Herrera, Elgueta and Fernández, 2014; Gallardo- Peralta, Conde-Llanes and Córdova-Jorquera, 2016; Romero, Gallardo-Peralta, and Moreno, 2019; Gallardo-Peralta, Raymond and Gálvez-Nieto, 2022), but not making visible spaces of more outstanding agency or leadership.As research evidence is scarce, in Chile, we still do not know whether the motivations for or the civic behaviours configure different patterns that can characterize the civic engagement of older adults, not only by age groups but also by their socio-demographic conditions and, above all, by the ways of assessing citizenship and of living civic life, amplifying this heterogeneity.This thesis aims to analyse the civic engagement of older adults in Chile from a Life Course perspective, examining its relationship with the conditions of social inequality in which these people live. Specifically, it will identify profiles of civic engagement among men and women 60 years or older in Chile and the association between profile membership and indicators of active ageing (i.e., empowerment, proactive ageing, and generativity).
- ItemConstructive non-conformity for eco-social change: a conceptual framework and application to organic waste management in Chile(2025) Amo Grez, Claudia Oriana; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de PsicologíaThe current eco-social crisis demands deep societal transformation, including changes in unsustainable social norms. While efforts to promote pro-environmental actions have often focused on encouraging conformity to new sustainable practices, less attention has been paid to what drives individuals to question or resist socially normalized but detrimental practices. This thesis explores constructive non-conformity as a meaningful and underexamined form of engagement in sustainability transitions. Constructive non-conformity refers to behaviours through which individuals challenge prevailing social norms—not from social detachment, disloyalty, or disregard for their community, but from a sense of care, responsibility, and commitment to the common good.The thesis pursued two main goals. The first was to lay the conceptual groundwork for studying constructive non-conformity in eco-social contexts—a phenomenon largely undertheorized and underexplored in the psychological literature. A critical review of the literature identified three core dimensions: (1) social identity, or one’s sense of belonging to a group; (2) normative conflict, defined as the internal tension individuals experience when they perceive group norms as problematic; and (3) moral motivations, including one’s self-perception as a moral agent and moral convictions regarding specific issues.The second goal was to use this framework to investigate constructive non-conformity in a real-world issue: the unsustainable practices of organic waste management (OWM) in Chile. Although approximately half of household waste is organic, it is still poorly managed. While the issue has entered public and policy agendas in Chile, efforts toward broad implementation are still underway, and unsustainable practices continue to prevail.To study what motivated people to question this situation, the thesis introduced the Normative Conflict Scale—a six-item instrument designed to assess how strongly individuals experience conflict or discomfort in relation to their community’s social norms (i.e., current national or municipal OWM practices). The first study (N = 295) provided evidence of the scale’s internal consistency and unidimensional structure. The second study (N = 330) offered evidence supporting the scale’s sensitivity to variations in normative conflict through an experimental design.This tool allowed for the examination of how normative conflict, social identification, and moral motivation shaped individuals’ willingness to change OWM practices. Findings showed that when people reported high discomfort with the current state of OWM—i.e., high normative conflict—they were more willing to engage in actions promoting change, regardless of their socio-territorial identification. In contrast, when they reported moderate levels of normative conflict, stronger identification with national or municipal communities became a significant predictor of people’s willingness to engage, through its connection with moral drivers. These results suggest two motivational pathways for constructive non-conformity: one grounded in experienced conflict with the norm, and another in identification-based moral engagement.By offering both a conceptual and empirical contribution, this thesis expands the tools for understanding and fostering citizen engagement in sustainability transformations. It highlights the importance of not only promoting new behaviours but also enabling people to critically assess and challenge normalized unsustainable practices. As such, this thesis offers valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working to build more sustainable futures.