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A Family of Discrete Kernels for Presmoothing Test Score Distributions
(Springer, 2024) González Burgos, Jorge Andrés; Wiberg Roll, Marie; CEDEUS (Chile)
In the fields of educational measurement and testing, score distributions are often estimated by the sample relative frequency distribution. As many score distributions are discrete and may have irregularities, it has been common practice to use presmoothing techniques to correct for such irregularities of the score distributions. A common way to conduct presmoothing has been to use log-linear models. In this chapter, we introduce a novel class of discrete kernels that can effectively estimate the probability mass function of scores, providing a presmoothing solution. The chapter includes an empirical illustration demonstrating that the proposed discrete kernel estimates perform as well as or better than the existing methods like log-linear models in presmoothing score distributions. The practical implications of this finding are discussed, highlighting the potential benefits of using discrete kernels in educational measurement contexts. Additionally, the chapter identifies several areas for further research, indicating opportunities for advancing the field’s methodology and practices.
Characterization for the Management of Urban Parks and Green Areas in Mid-sized Cities. Methodological Exploration in the Region of La Araucanía
(Springer, 2025) Arizaga Soto, Ana Ximena; Moreno Flores, Osvaldo; Tapia Domínguez, Josefina Cecilia; CEDEUS (Chile)
The National Urban ParksUrban parks’ PolicyGreen areas (hereinafter PNPU) aims to “create a nationallyLa Araucanía agreed framework to guide and promote the development of sustainable urban parksUrban parks” and at the same time recognizes the challenge of “achieving compliance with sustainability criteria and standards in the designDesign, construction, and management of parks” (PNPU, 2021: 15) and the need to recognize “the particularities of each territory and community, the commitment of the actors, the scale and type of park, the expectations and valuations of people, among many more” (PNPU, 2021: 22). Considering the above, the purpose of the research is to define—based on the communal conditions of the region of La AraucaníaLa Araucanía—recommendations for the investments in parks and green areasGreen areas done by the public, regional or communal sector, taking into consideration to the communal characteristics. For this, the territorial, socioeconomic, and financial conditions of the 32 communes of the region are analyzed, and groups of communes are established to provide recommendations by typologies of green areasGreen areas, and, management capacities, assimilated in this case to the financial capacities of the communes for the investment in green areasGreen areas’ maintenance.
Conclusions: COVID-19 and Cities: Experiences from Latin American and Asian Pacific Cities
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Montoya, Miguel A.; Lemus-Delgado, Daniel; Rehner, Johannes; Krstikj, Aleksandra
The emergence of the Sars-Cov-2 virus in December 2019 affected the various regions, countries, and communities around the world unequally. Addressing the current pandemic should be understood as a step toward more resilient cities, rather than only focusing on the emergency response and managing a particular crisis. More resilient systems should be more capable of responding to future pandemics or other massive public health issues, and the postpandemic “new normal” could be more sustainable if urban systems incorporate improvements and learn from this crisis. Thus, the pandemic has been an opportunity to think about resilient, creative, and innovative cities with better governance models, safer public spaces, and improved infrastructures. The pandemic constitutes a reminder of the importance of being better connected in order to flexibly adapt to challenges of organizing work in an innovative manner. It is also essential to think about how cities can generate more inclusive opportunities for their inhabitants. Advances in making cities more inclusive, safe, and sustainable as a response to pandemics have the potential of bringing them a step forward on the path to resilience, not only regarding future pandemics, but mostly in confronting perpetual structural challenges and pressures. This book presents a series of contributions, both essays and empirically based case studies from Latin America and Asia (mostly China), on the challenges that the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021 posed on urban systems. The multidisciplinary contributions are placed in different political, social, and economic contexts and are founded in their respective disciplinary, epistemological, and methodological context. Nevertheless, they all contribute to the discussion of urban resilience of cities under the influence of a global crisis.
Conclusions: COVID-19 and Cities: Experiences from Latin American and Asian Pacific Cities
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Montoya, Miguel A.; Lemus-Delgado, Daniel; Rehner, Johannes; Krstikj, Aleksandra
The emergence of the Sars-Cov-2 virus in December 2019 affected the various regions, countries, and communities around the world unequally. Addressing the current pandemic should be understood as a step toward more resilient cities, rather than only focusing on the emergency response and managing a particular crisis. More resilient systems should be more capable of responding to future pandemics or other massive public health issues, and the postpandemic “new normal” could be more sustainable if urban systems incorporate improvements and learn from this crisis. Thus, the pandemic has been an opportunity to think about resilient, creative, and innovative cities with better governance models, safer public spaces, and improved infrastructures. The pandemic constitutes a reminder of the importance of being better connected in order to flexibly adapt to challenges of organizing work in an innovative manner. It is also essential to think about how cities can generate more inclusive opportunities for their inhabitants. Advances in making cities more inclusive, safe, and sustainable as a response to pandemics have the potential of bringing them a step forward on the path to resilience, not only regarding future pandemics, but mostly in confronting perpetual structural challenges and pressures. This book presents a series of contributions, both essays and empirically based case studies from Latin America and Asia (mostly China), on the challenges that the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021 posed on urban systems. The multidisciplinary contributions are placed in different political, social, and economic contexts and are founded in their respective disciplinary, epistemological, and methodological context. Nevertheless, they all contribute to the discussion of urban resilience of cities under the influence of a global crisis.
COVID-19, Resilience, and Cities: A Conceptual Introduction
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Krstikj, Aleksandra; Rehner, Johannes; Lemus-Delgado, Daniel; Montoya, Miguel A.; CEDEUS (Chile)
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed many of the structural weaknesses of the contemporary world and accentuated already existing risks. Images of paralyzed cities, empty squares, closed schools and universities, canceled religious services, stationary public transport, closed airports, and suspended non-essential economic activities displayed the vulnerability of societies. History shows that cities can innovate and change profoundly in response to disasters or after suffering an intense crisis such as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has opened a new debate about some of the most challenging issues of city planning and management. The concept of resilience is helpful to address the topics of how cities face disasters and how they adapt or evolve into systems that are more resistant. In this book, we rely on an evolutionary concept of resilience that goes beyond the understanding of resilience as a capacity of a system to bounce back to its initial state after an external shock. When understood as a capacity for evolving, resilience can be an important input for achieving more sustainable cities, as it can contribute to the transformation of urban systems for more equitable, inclusive, and just societies. This book aims to share experiences of how cities are facing and responding to the pandemic crisis; in what possible directions cities could evolve as a consequence of this traumatic experience; what strategies are implemented by which agents, individuals, and groups; what institutional and structural ruptures and developments can be observed; and what kind of practices seem successful or promising, and relate those lessons to inputs for facing uncertainties in future sustainable urban development.
COVID-19, Resilience, and Cities: A Conceptual Introduction
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Krstikj, Aleksandra; Rehner, Johannes; Lemus-Delgado, Daniel; Montoya, Miguel A.
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed many of the structural weaknesses of the contemporary world and accentuated already existing risks. Images of paralyzed cities, empty squares, closed schools and universities, canceled religious services, stationary public transport, closed airports, and suspended non-essential economic activities displayed the vulnerability of societies. History shows that cities can innovate and change profoundly in response to disasters or after suffering an intense crisis such as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has opened a new debate about some of the most challenging issues of city planning and management. The concept of resilience is helpful to address the topics of how cities face disasters and how they adapt or evolve into systems that are more resistant. In this book, we rely on an evolutionary concept of resilience that goes beyond the understanding of resilience as a capacity of a system to bounce back to its initial state after an external shock. When understood as a capacity for evolving, resilience can be an important input for achieving more sustainable cities, as it can contribute to the transformation of urban systems for more equitable, inclusive, and just societies. This book aims to share experiences of how cities are facing and responding to the pandemic crisis; in what possible directions cities could evolve as a consequence of this traumatic experience; what strategies are implemented by which agents, individuals, and groups; what institutional and structural ruptures and developments can be observed; and what kind of practices seem successful or promising, and relate those lessons to inputs for facing uncertainties in future sustainable urban development.
Diffusion and global circulation of populist discourse
(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2024) Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Gonzalo; Sandoval Agüero, Cristóbal Patricio
Despite increasing interest in and research on populism, there is a gap in the literature on the phenomenon when it comes to understanding the diffusion of populist projects across countries and regions. With the aim of addressing this research gap, this chapter develops a theoretical framework that is useful for analysing the dynamics of the diffusion and global circulation of populist discourse. Considering the literature on the diffusion of public policies, collective action frames and the theory of circulation of ideas, this chapter conceives populism as a global, multi-scalar political phenomenon beyond contextually situated cases. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework, we provide empirical illustrations of the dynamics of diffusion and global circulation of populist discourse from the Global South to the Global North and vice versa. We are thus interested in advancing a research agenda on the transnational dimension of populism and its diffusion across the globe.
Encapsulation technologies applied to bioactive phenolic compounds and probiotics with potential application on chronic inflammation
(Elsevier Inc. All, 2022) Ferrer Sierra, Miriam; Rodríguez López, Paloma; Leyva-Jiménez, Francisco Javier; Borras Linares, Isabel; Giacomazza, Daniela; Fredes González, Carolina Paz; Robert Canales, Paz Soledad; Segura Carretero, Antonio; Lozano Sánchez, Jesús
Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with multiple associated beneficial effects, especially focused on alleviating damage from oxidative stress and associated inflammatory processes. Furthermore, in recent years there has been growing research on the synergy, already reported, between polyphenols and the microbiota. However, the bioavailability of phenolic compounds in the body appears to be somewhat limited. Consequently, controlled release strategies such as encapsulations could be an effective alternative to ensure adequate delivery to the site of action. This chapter aims to review the literature published to date on the following: (1) Digestion and absorption of phenolic compounds, (2) encapsulation process applied to improve the bioaccesibility/bioavailability of these compounds, (3) probiotic encapsulation process, (4) known synergistic interactions between polyphenols and microbiota, associated with inflammatory processes.
Epistemological Foundations for Science Education
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Ariza Y.; Arriassecq I.; Cuellar L.; Silva C.C.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.According to many authors, scientific education promotes new ways of reasoning that should have an important epistemological component. Chapter 9 presents some recent epistemological models to foster pedagogical interventions in Latin American science classrooms toward giving students valid criteria to act consciously and autonomously. The authors posit that experiments and language in school science do not need to be strictly those of scientists for students to reach meaningful scientific knowledge: the questions and answers considered in the classroom will be different from those of scientists but still profoundly connected to them.
Extinction
(De Gruyter, 2023) Ríos, Valeria de los
Extinction
(De Gruyter, 2023) Ríos, Valeria de los
El artículo estudia el papel que jugó Euse-bio de Cesarea en las discusiones teológicas del sínodo de Nicea. Para ello, examina la condena de Eusebio de Cesarea en el sínodo de Antioquía (325) y su relación con el sínodo de Nicea. Una vez aclarado que Nicea actuó como tribunal de apelación para Eusebio, se analizan los relatos de los principales testigos ocula-res de las discusiones teológicas del sínodo. Se trata de dos documentos casi contemporáneos a la asam-blea, a saber, la carta de Eusebio a su iglesia (Urk. 22) y un fragmento de Eustacio de Antioquía (fr. 79), y de los relatos retrospectivos que Atanasio escribió varias décadas después de la asamblea nicena (decr. 19-20). Finalmente, el artículo ofrece una reconstrucción de las deliberaciones teológicas del sínodo de Nicea
Facing the change beyond COVID-19: continuous curriculum improvement in higher education using learning analytics
(Edward Elgar, 2022) Hilliger Carrasco, Isabel; Pérez Sanagustin, Mar
Due to the rapid digitalization of Higher Education, universities and colleges have access to more student data than ever before, allowing for real-time analysis of student behaviour and learning results. To evaluate the quality of curriculum and teaching practices, some institutions have relied on curriculum analytics a subfield of learning analytics aiming to leverage educational data for improving program quality and student learning. So far, some promising tools have been developed to inform curriculum renewal strategies. However, this is still an emerging research area, so little is known about how it supports continuous curriculum improvement in different university settings. More robust design-based research is needed to understand how curriculum analytics helps higher education stakeholders gain better understanding of student outcome attainment. This chapter presents a research agenda that reflects on the importance of promoting continuous curriculum improvement and the research challenges for using curriculum analytics for this purpose.
Front-Line Social Workers’ Practices Under the Political and Sanitary Crisis in Chile
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Reininger, Taly; Muñoz Arce, Gianinna; Villalobos, Cristóbal; Wyman San Martin, Ignacio Andres
In October 2019, mass civil protests erupted in Chile questioning the country’s vast and historically rooted inequalities and injustices. These protests, which sought structural changes to Chile’s neoliberal ethos, were abruptly brought to a halt by the arrival of COVID-19 in March 2020. The political, social, and economic impacts of the pandemic have only intensified the country’s historic inequalities and injustices, hitting hardest in areas with higher levels of vulnerability. Increased unemployment, food insecurity, violence, and mental health crises are only a few of the many issues social workers face in the current context. Furthermore, social distancing measures and forced quarantines have caused social programs to rapidly alter strategies to meet the needs of service users, requiring front-line professionals to adapt quickly. To examine and analyse these rapid changes in the delivery of social programs as well as their impact on front-line professionals, a mixed-methods study was undertaken that included the application of an online survey and follow-up interviews with front-line social workers. We found that social workers reported greater workloads and employment precarity within the current context, that programs were changed to meet the immediate tangible needs of individuals and families, and that changes were primarily designed in a nonparticipatory and centralised manner. This chapter analyses the study’s results and discusses the challenges social work faces in the current and future context.
Geographies of resistance in the chilean education system in the post-dictatorship age (1990-2019): A protest event analysis
(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Villalobos, Cristóbal; Parcerisa, Lluís
From a comparative perspective, the Chilean school system can be considered a paradigmatic case that combines structural privatization processes, sophisticated accountability systems and high levels of school segregation. This chapter aims to analyze the role of the spatial dimension in the trajectory of protests in the education sector during the Chilean post-dictatorship (1990-2019). Methodologically, the research carries out a Protest Event Analysis (PEA) of a novel database of more than 1.700 protests. The findings show that the spatial dimension (e.g., regional distribution, degree of rurality, types of places of protest, etc.) mediates not only the characteristics and the nature of actors who participate in protest events but also the strategies and repertoires of collective action deployed by social movements.
Glomus Tumor
(Springer London, 2021) Morales Diaz, Sergio Luis
Glomus tumor is an infrequent benign tumor usually located on subungueal tissue on the distal phalanx of hands. Pain with temperature changes and pressure on the fingertips make the diagnoses.
Huasco Wetland Observatory. Promoting the Environmental and Cultural Values of Urban Coastal Wetlands in the Atacama Desert
(Springer, 2025) Moreno Flores, Osvaldo; Arizaga Soto, Ana Ximena; CEDEUS (Chile)
Coastal wetlandsCoastal wetlands in the Atacama DesertAtacama desert constitute important systems that are characterized not only by their landscapeLandscape beauty and the exceptional biodiversity they harbor, but also by their important role as ecological infrastructure that provides key ecosystem servicesServices for sustainable development, resilienceResilience, and adaptability to climate change of territories and communities. At the same time, these are understood as the expression of broader and more complex ecological systems, related to regional hydrology and to migratory movements of birds on a continental scale. From a socio-ecological perspective, wetlands are vital ecosystems for human survival, as they represent some of the most productive environmentsEnvironment in the world: they are cradles of biological diversity, sources of water and primary productivity on which countless plant and animal species depend for survival. Despite the above, these systems are commonly exposed to severe threats and impacts to their components and functions that affect not only the ecology of wetlands, but also the quality of life for surrounding communities. This chapter examines, based on the case study of the wetland at the mouth of the Huasco river, the approaches and strategies of landscape architectureLandscape Architecture for enhancing the visibilityVisibility and conservationConservation of the environmental and cultural values of urban coastal wetlandsCoastal wetlands in the Atacama DesertAtacama desert, implemented through a co-productionCo-production process with local communities and key stakeholders. The resulting initiative, known as Huasco Wetland Observatory, conceived as a spaceSpace for mediation between the ecology of the wetland, the local community, and visitors, by activating an in-situ dissemination area that provides scientific and didactic information, thus contributing to the understanding of this important landscapeLandscape.
Imagination and mind wandering: Two sides of the same coin? A brain dynamics perspective
(Elsevier, 2020) Villena-González M.; Cosmelli D.
© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.The renewed interest in mind wandering has produced a wealth of knowledge about brain mechanisms underlying the generation of spontaneous thoughts and stimulus-independent cognition. However, how this phenomenon relates to the more classically defined imagination, with which it shares several key phenomenological and psychological features, remains largely unexplored. Here, we discuss whether and how imagination relates to mind wandering and whether they depend on similar brain mechanisms. We pay particular attention to the spontaneous/deliberate contrast in both these phenomena and the importance of considering thought contents, modality, temporality, and emotional valence when studying stimulus-independent cognition. We draw from recent advances in brain connectivity studies to analyze the role that the brain’s default mode network (DMN) might have in articulating these two pervasive aspects of human mental life. It appears that such an integrative process is likely to depend on a highly dynamical DMN, one that cannot be reduced simply to a resting state or self-related network. Ultimately, this challenges the idea that mind wandering and imagination are substantially different processes and suggests that it might be worth looking at them as part of the same type of self-generated mental activity.
Introduction: A World of Cities and Urban Problems in the Twenty-First Century
(Wiley, 2021) Ruiz-Tagle Venero, Javier Ignacio; Orum, Anthony; Vicari Haddock, Serena
Junaeb’s School Feeding Programs in Chile; Innovations for Threats to Food Security
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Fellenberg A.; Cobo N.
© 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Among the Chilean government’s measures to deal with malnutrition diseases caused by over eating, the school feeding programs stand out. The JUNAEB1, with private providers’ participation, has developed innovations to improve the students’ acceptability of food, aimed at making such programs more attractive and improving nutritional quality.
LAFe: Learning Analytics Solutions to Support On-Time Feedback
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Mello R.F.; Alves G.; Harada E.; Perez-Sanagustin M.; Hilliger I.; Villalobos E.; Felix E.; Broisin J.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Feedback given to students by instructors is essential to guide students and help them improve from their mistakes. However, in higher education, instructors feel unable to give quality and timely feedback due to work overload and lack of time. In this context, this tutorial intends to discuss possible data-based and AI solutions for supporting students and instructors in the feedback process. It will include: a panel discussion about the importance of automating the feedback process, a demo of tools for this goal, and a card sorting activity to understand important aspects of developing tools to support on-time feedback.

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