Capítulos de libros

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/22991

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 49

A Critical-Empirical Approach to the Use of Demographic Methods and Sources in Urban Studies
(wiley, 2021) Truffello Robledo, Ricardo Enrique; Rojas Marchini, Maria Fernanda; Flores, Mónica
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.This chapter discusses methods and sources in demography and urban studies from a critical-empirical perspective to reflect on 'how' and 'with what effects' these techniques, practices, and procedures have affected urban planning and policy interventions. It presents a general timeline of historical sources of demographic information while critically interrogating them by exploring Latin American cases. The chapter looks at Big Data's entrance into – and transformation of – demographic methods and urban policy interventions. Population studies and other demographic methods became fundamental tools in the twentieth century for conducting public policy design. Surveys are critical tools to evaluate demographic trends obtained from censuses and develop projections that complete time periods without exhaustive data. Space sampling surveys and large data bases of statistical systems have resulted from the development of methodologies to fill the gaps in administrative records. Sociologist, Sarah Brayne, claims that surveillance and Big Data have shown similar rising patterns during the last decade.
A Family of Discrete Kernels for Presmoothing Test Score Distributions
(Springer, 2024) González Burgos, Jorge Andrés; Wiberg Roll, Marie; CEDEUS (Chile)
In the fields of educational measurement and testing, score distributions are often estimated by the sample relative frequency distribution. As many score distributions are discrete and may have irregularities, it has been common practice to use presmoothing techniques to correct for such irregularities of the score distributions. A common way to conduct presmoothing has been to use log-linear models. In this chapter, we introduce a novel class of discrete kernels that can effectively estimate the probability mass function of scores, providing a presmoothing solution. The chapter includes an empirical illustration demonstrating that the proposed discrete kernel estimates perform as well as or better than the existing methods like log-linear models in presmoothing score distributions. The practical implications of this finding are discussed, highlighting the potential benefits of using discrete kernels in educational measurement contexts. Additionally, the chapter identifies several areas for further research, indicating opportunities for advancing the field’s methodology and practices.
An Overview of the Balanced Excited Random Walk
(Birkhauser, 2021) Camarena D.; Panizo G.; Ramirez Chuaqui Alejandro Francisco
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.The balanced excited random walk, introduced by Benjamini, Kozma and Schapira in 2011, is defined as a discrete time stochastic process in ℤd, depending on two integer parameters 1 ≤ d1, d2 ≤ d, which whenever it is at a site x∈ ℤd at time n, it jumps to x ± ei with uniform probability, where e1, …, ed are the canonical vectors, for 1 ≤ i ≤ d1, if the site x was visited for the first time at time n, while it jumps to x ± ei with uniform probability, for 1 + d − d2 ≤ i ≤ d, if the site x was already visited before time n. Here we give an overview of this model when d1 + d2 = d and introduce and study the cases when d1 + d2 > d. In particular, we prove that for all the cases d ≥ 5 and most cases d = 4, the balanced excited random walk is transient.
Characterization for the Management of Urban Parks and Green Areas in Mid-sized Cities. Methodological Exploration in the Region of La Araucanía
(Springer, 2025) Arizaga Soto, Ana Ximena; Moreno Flores, Osvaldo; Tapia Domínguez, Josefina Cecilia; CEDEUS (Chile)
The National Urban ParksUrban parks’ PolicyGreen areas (hereinafter PNPU) aims to “create a nationallyLa Araucanía agreed framework to guide and promote the development of sustainable urban parksUrban parks” and at the same time recognizes the challenge of “achieving compliance with sustainability criteria and standards in the designDesign, construction, and management of parks” (PNPU, 2021: 15) and the need to recognize “the particularities of each territory and community, the commitment of the actors, the scale and type of park, the expectations and valuations of people, among many more” (PNPU, 2021: 22). Considering the above, the purpose of the research is to define—based on the communal conditions of the region of La AraucaníaLa Araucanía—recommendations for the investments in parks and green areasGreen areas done by the public, regional or communal sector, taking into consideration to the communal characteristics. For this, the territorial, socioeconomic, and financial conditions of the 32 communes of the region are analyzed, and groups of communes are established to provide recommendations by typologies of green areasGreen areas, and, management capacities, assimilated in this case to the financial capacities of the communes for the investment in green areasGreen areas’ maintenance.
Climatic Profile and Drought Characteristics in Chile
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Meza Dabancens Francisco Javier
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.From a climatic perspective,Chile Chile is a country of extremes. From the driest desert on Earth to Patagonia, communities and ecosystems have adapted to different climates and to enduring periods of persisting drought. With mounting evidence of global change processes, it is still unclear how these regimes will evolve in the future, and what are the challenges that water managers will need to manage droughts. This chapter describes the major climatic regimes in the country, highlighting the variability and uncertainties pertaining to the occurrence of droughts. Climate change projections will be discussed and its impact on droughts.
Conclusions: COVID-19 and Cities: Experiences from Latin American and Asian Pacific Cities
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Montoya, Miguel A.; Lemus-Delgado, Daniel; Rehner, Johannes; Krstikj, Aleksandra
The emergence of the Sars-Cov-2 virus in December 2019 affected the various regions, countries, and communities around the world unequally. Addressing the current pandemic should be understood as a step toward more resilient cities, rather than only focusing on the emergency response and managing a particular crisis. More resilient systems should be more capable of responding to future pandemics or other massive public health issues, and the postpandemic “new normal” could be more sustainable if urban systems incorporate improvements and learn from this crisis. Thus, the pandemic has been an opportunity to think about resilient, creative, and innovative cities with better governance models, safer public spaces, and improved infrastructures. The pandemic constitutes a reminder of the importance of being better connected in order to flexibly adapt to challenges of organizing work in an innovative manner. It is also essential to think about how cities can generate more inclusive opportunities for their inhabitants. Advances in making cities more inclusive, safe, and sustainable as a response to pandemics have the potential of bringing them a step forward on the path to resilience, not only regarding future pandemics, but mostly in confronting perpetual structural challenges and pressures. This book presents a series of contributions, both essays and empirically based case studies from Latin America and Asia (mostly China), on the challenges that the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021 posed on urban systems. The multidisciplinary contributions are placed in different political, social, and economic contexts and are founded in their respective disciplinary, epistemological, and methodological context. Nevertheless, they all contribute to the discussion of urban resilience of cities under the influence of a global crisis.
Conclusions: COVID-19 and Cities: Experiences from Latin American and Asian Pacific Cities
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Montoya, Miguel A.; Lemus-Delgado, Daniel; Rehner, Johannes; Krstikj, Aleksandra
The emergence of the Sars-Cov-2 virus in December 2019 affected the various regions, countries, and communities around the world unequally. Addressing the current pandemic should be understood as a step toward more resilient cities, rather than only focusing on the emergency response and managing a particular crisis. More resilient systems should be more capable of responding to future pandemics or other massive public health issues, and the postpandemic “new normal” could be more sustainable if urban systems incorporate improvements and learn from this crisis. Thus, the pandemic has been an opportunity to think about resilient, creative, and innovative cities with better governance models, safer public spaces, and improved infrastructures. The pandemic constitutes a reminder of the importance of being better connected in order to flexibly adapt to challenges of organizing work in an innovative manner. It is also essential to think about how cities can generate more inclusive opportunities for their inhabitants. Advances in making cities more inclusive, safe, and sustainable as a response to pandemics have the potential of bringing them a step forward on the path to resilience, not only regarding future pandemics, but mostly in confronting perpetual structural challenges and pressures. This book presents a series of contributions, both essays and empirically based case studies from Latin America and Asia (mostly China), on the challenges that the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021 posed on urban systems. The multidisciplinary contributions are placed in different political, social, and economic contexts and are founded in their respective disciplinary, epistemological, and methodological context. Nevertheless, they all contribute to the discussion of urban resilience of cities under the influence of a global crisis.
COVID-19, Resilience, and Cities: A Conceptual Introduction
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Krstikj, Aleksandra; Rehner, Johannes; Lemus-Delgado, Daniel; Montoya, Miguel A.
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed many of the structural weaknesses of the contemporary world and accentuated already existing risks. Images of paralyzed cities, empty squares, closed schools and universities, canceled religious services, stationary public transport, closed airports, and suspended non-essential economic activities displayed the vulnerability of societies. History shows that cities can innovate and change profoundly in response to disasters or after suffering an intense crisis such as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has opened a new debate about some of the most challenging issues of city planning and management. The concept of resilience is helpful to address the topics of how cities face disasters and how they adapt or evolve into systems that are more resistant. In this book, we rely on an evolutionary concept of resilience that goes beyond the understanding of resilience as a capacity of a system to bounce back to its initial state after an external shock. When understood as a capacity for evolving, resilience can be an important input for achieving more sustainable cities, as it can contribute to the transformation of urban systems for more equitable, inclusive, and just societies. This book aims to share experiences of how cities are facing and responding to the pandemic crisis; in what possible directions cities could evolve as a consequence of this traumatic experience; what strategies are implemented by which agents, individuals, and groups; what institutional and structural ruptures and developments can be observed; and what kind of practices seem successful or promising, and relate those lessons to inputs for facing uncertainties in future sustainable urban development.
COVID-19, Resilience, and Cities: A Conceptual Introduction
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Krstikj, Aleksandra; Rehner, Johannes; Lemus-Delgado, Daniel; Montoya, Miguel A.; CEDEUS (Chile)
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed many of the structural weaknesses of the contemporary world and accentuated already existing risks. Images of paralyzed cities, empty squares, closed schools and universities, canceled religious services, stationary public transport, closed airports, and suspended non-essential economic activities displayed the vulnerability of societies. History shows that cities can innovate and change profoundly in response to disasters or after suffering an intense crisis such as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has opened a new debate about some of the most challenging issues of city planning and management. The concept of resilience is helpful to address the topics of how cities face disasters and how they adapt or evolve into systems that are more resistant. In this book, we rely on an evolutionary concept of resilience that goes beyond the understanding of resilience as a capacity of a system to bounce back to its initial state after an external shock. When understood as a capacity for evolving, resilience can be an important input for achieving more sustainable cities, as it can contribute to the transformation of urban systems for more equitable, inclusive, and just societies. This book aims to share experiences of how cities are facing and responding to the pandemic crisis; in what possible directions cities could evolve as a consequence of this traumatic experience; what strategies are implemented by which agents, individuals, and groups; what institutional and structural ruptures and developments can be observed; and what kind of practices seem successful or promising, and relate those lessons to inputs for facing uncertainties in future sustainable urban development.
Diffusion and global circulation of populist discourse
(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2024) Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Gonzalo; Sandoval Agüero, Cristóbal Patricio
Despite increasing interest in and research on populism, there is a gap in the literature on the phenomenon when it comes to understanding the diffusion of populist projects across countries and regions. With the aim of addressing this research gap, this chapter develops a theoretical framework that is useful for analysing the dynamics of the diffusion and global circulation of populist discourse. Considering the literature on the diffusion of public policies, collective action frames and the theory of circulation of ideas, this chapter conceives populism as a global, multi-scalar political phenomenon beyond contextually situated cases. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework, we provide empirical illustrations of the dynamics of diffusion and global circulation of populist discourse from the Global South to the Global North and vice versa. We are thus interested in advancing a research agenda on the transnational dimension of populism and its diffusion across the globe.
Encapsulation technologies applied to bioactive phenolic compounds and probiotics with potential application on chronic inflammation
(Elsevier Inc. All, 2022) Ferrer Sierra, Miriam; Rodríguez López, Paloma; Leyva-Jiménez, Francisco Javier; Borras Linares, Isabel; Giacomazza, Daniela; Fredes González, Carolina Paz; Robert Canales, Paz Soledad; Segura Carretero, Antonio; Lozano Sánchez, Jesús
Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with multiple associated beneficial effects, especially focused on alleviating damage from oxidative stress and associated inflammatory processes. Furthermore, in recent years there has been growing research on the synergy, already reported, between polyphenols and the microbiota. However, the bioavailability of phenolic compounds in the body appears to be somewhat limited. Consequently, controlled release strategies such as encapsulations could be an effective alternative to ensure adequate delivery to the site of action. This chapter aims to review the literature published to date on the following: (1) Digestion and absorption of phenolic compounds, (2) encapsulation process applied to improve the bioaccesibility/bioavailability of these compounds, (3) probiotic encapsulation process, (4) known synergistic interactions between polyphenols and microbiota, associated with inflammatory processes.
Epistemological Foundations for Science Education
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Ariza Y.; Arriassecq I.; Cuellar L.; Silva C.C.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.According to many authors, scientific education promotes new ways of reasoning that should have an important epistemological component. Chapter 9 presents some recent epistemological models to foster pedagogical interventions in Latin American science classrooms toward giving students valid criteria to act consciously and autonomously. The authors posit that experiments and language in school science do not need to be strictly those of scientists for students to reach meaningful scientific knowledge: the questions and answers considered in the classroom will be different from those of scientists but still profoundly connected to them.
Extinction
(De Gruyter, 2023) Ríos, Valeria de los
Extinction
(De Gruyter, 2023) Ríos, Valeria de los
El artículo estudia el papel que jugó Euse-bio de Cesarea en las discusiones teológicas del sínodo de Nicea. Para ello, examina la condena de Eusebio de Cesarea en el sínodo de Antioquía (325) y su relación con el sínodo de Nicea. Una vez aclarado que Nicea actuó como tribunal de apelación para Eusebio, se analizan los relatos de los principales testigos ocula-res de las discusiones teológicas del sínodo. Se trata de dos documentos casi contemporáneos a la asam-blea, a saber, la carta de Eusebio a su iglesia (Urk. 22) y un fragmento de Eustacio de Antioquía (fr. 79), y de los relatos retrospectivos que Atanasio escribió varias décadas después de la asamblea nicena (decr. 19-20). Finalmente, el artículo ofrece una reconstrucción de las deliberaciones teológicas del sínodo de Nicea
Facing the change beyond COVID-19: continuous curriculum improvement in higher education using learning analytics
(Edward Elgar, 2022) Hilliger Carrasco, Isabel; Pérez Sanagustin, Mar
Due to the rapid digitalization of Higher Education, universities and colleges have access to more student data than ever before, allowing for real-time analysis of student behaviour and learning results. To evaluate the quality of curriculum and teaching practices, some institutions have relied on curriculum analytics a subfield of learning analytics aiming to leverage educational data for improving program quality and student learning. So far, some promising tools have been developed to inform curriculum renewal strategies. However, this is still an emerging research area, so little is known about how it supports continuous curriculum improvement in different university settings. More robust design-based research is needed to understand how curriculum analytics helps higher education stakeholders gain better understanding of student outcome attainment. This chapter presents a research agenda that reflects on the importance of promoting continuous curriculum improvement and the research challenges for using curriculum analytics for this purpose.
Foreword by Mario Ubilla S.
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Ubilla Sanz, Mario Antonio
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Nowadays, at the San Rafael Family Health Center (Cesfam), territory and Health System converge in two simultaneous interaction spaces. The first are the waiting and stay areas within the building that have incorporated libraries, interior gardens, and free-use spaces for patients, neighbors and officials, favoring the encounter between them. The second is a more intangible space built through the coordinated work between a group of Cesfam workers—called Family Executives—and the Social Leaders of the sector that expand the monitoring capacity of the Cesfam and build a bridge between the socio-health needs of the neighborhood and the Health Center. The description of this case constitutes an inspiration for the form that a feminist design of public health spaces could take that welcome and enhance their role as a moment of coexistence between State and Citizenship, and materialize an accessible space from care, attention and encounter. The case was addressed through a series of field work sessions during 2021 and 2022 that included observation and description of the waiting and transit spaces inside the Health Center, interviews and conversations with workers and patients, and the subsequent analysis and translation of what was observed into design recommendations with a feminist approach. Finally, in addition to the potential of the Cesfam San Rafael as a benchmark for public space that fosters an effective encounter between state and territory, the work opens the space to reflect on the capacity of design as a discipline to materialize political approaches and counter-hegemonic narratives that can be experienced corporally by people to push for a transformation in the way of conceiving and inhabiting these spaces from a feminist perspective.
From Europe to Chile: The Ship Journey of Holocaust Survivors as a Time-Space of Transition and Elaboration of Meaning (1938–1950)
(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2025) Nicholls Lopeandía, Nancy; Nudman, Alejandra
This chapter explores the migration of Jewish refugees who fled Europe in the late 1930s and the early years of the Second World War. It investigates what this journey meant for these refugees, who carried the burden of persecution and racial harassment by the Nazis and their collaborators. What emotions do they recall from the moment they left their homes until their arrival in Chile? We propose that the migration of European Jews to Chile can be understood as a hiatus – both in time and space – from the threatened and tumultuous life they experienced in Europe. This hiatus was experienced with ambivalence and had different meanings for adults, adolescents, and children. Nonetheless, for all involved, the journey was a live-saving escape. Our primary sources for this analysis are 23 testimonies of European Jewish refugees from the Voces de la Shoah Collection of Memoria Viva and the Visual History Archive (VHA) of the University of Southern California (USC) Shoah Foundation.
Front-Line Social Workers’ Practices Under the Political and Sanitary Crisis in Chile
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Reininger, Taly; Muñoz Arce, Gianinna; Villalobos, Cristóbal; Wyman San Martin, Ignacio Andres
In October 2019, mass civil protests erupted in Chile questioning the country’s vast and historically rooted inequalities and injustices. These protests, which sought structural changes to Chile’s neoliberal ethos, were abruptly brought to a halt by the arrival of COVID-19 in March 2020. The political, social, and economic impacts of the pandemic have only intensified the country’s historic inequalities and injustices, hitting hardest in areas with higher levels of vulnerability. Increased unemployment, food insecurity, violence, and mental health crises are only a few of the many issues social workers face in the current context. Furthermore, social distancing measures and forced quarantines have caused social programs to rapidly alter strategies to meet the needs of service users, requiring front-line professionals to adapt quickly. To examine and analyse these rapid changes in the delivery of social programs as well as their impact on front-line professionals, a mixed-methods study was undertaken that included the application of an online survey and follow-up interviews with front-line social workers. We found that social workers reported greater workloads and employment precarity within the current context, that programs were changed to meet the immediate tangible needs of individuals and families, and that changes were primarily designed in a nonparticipatory and centralised manner. This chapter analyses the study’s results and discusses the challenges social work faces in the current and future context.
Geographies of resistance in the chilean education system in the post-dictatorship age (1990-2019): A protest event analysis
(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Villalobos, Cristóbal; Parcerisa, Lluís
From a comparative perspective, the Chilean school system can be considered a paradigmatic case that combines structural privatization processes, sophisticated accountability systems and high levels of school segregation. This chapter aims to analyze the role of the spatial dimension in the trajectory of protests in the education sector during the Chilean post-dictatorship (1990-2019). Methodologically, the research carries out a Protest Event Analysis (PEA) of a novel database of more than 1.700 protests. The findings show that the spatial dimension (e.g., regional distribution, degree of rurality, types of places of protest, etc.) mediates not only the characteristics and the nature of actors who participate in protest events but also the strategies and repertoires of collective action deployed by social movements.
Glomus Tumor
(Springer London, 2021) Morales Diaz, Sergio Luis
Glomus tumor is an infrequent benign tumor usually located on subungueal tissue on the distal phalanx of hands. Pain with temperature changes and pressure on the fingertips make the diagnoses.

Browse

Browsing Capítulos de libros by browse.metadata.fuente "Scopus"

Results Per Page

Sort Options