Capítulos de libros
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- Item3D non-destructive evaluation techniques for wood analysis(2014) Paulina Fernández, M.; Tejos Nunez, Cristian Andres; Rojas, G.; Lillo, I.; Guesalaga, A.; Irarrázaval, P.
- ItemA la escucha del Buen Vivir: iluminando el despliegue de una espiritualidad ecológica cristiana(2022) Guridi Ortuzar, Roman Ignacio
- ItemA Network Approach to the Formation of Self-assembled Teams(2020) Ichhaporia, R.; Gomez Zara, Diego Alonso; DeChurch, L.; Contractor, N.Which individuals in a network make the most appealing teammates? Which invitations are most likely to be accepted? And which are most likely to be rejected? This study explores the factors that are most likely to explain the selection, acceptance, and rejection of invitations in self-assembling teams. We conducted a field study with 780 participants using an online platform that enables people to form teams. Participants completed an initial survey assessing traits, relationships, and skills. Next, they searched for and invited others to join a team. Recipients could then accept, reject, or ignore invitations. Using Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs), we studied how traits and social networks influence teammate choices. Our results demonstrated that (a) agreeable leaders with high psychological collectivism send invitations most frequently, (b) previous collaborators, leaders, competent workers, females, and younger individuals receive the most invitations, and (c) rejections are concentrated in the hands of a few. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
- ItemAlcohol : Psychosocial Effects.(Elsevier Inc., 2012) Sher, Kenneth J.; Vergés, Álvaro; Winograd, Rachel PearlAlcohol use has significant effects on behavior, these can be both acute (e.g., drunken comportment) and chronic (e.g., alcohol-induced depression). However, it is well established that there are large, individual differences in how drinkers react to alcohol. Additionally, different types of drinking contexts tend to elicit different effects and are associated with different harms. Consequently, characterizing the effects of alcohol consumption requires an understanding of the drinker and the drinking context, in addition to the drink (i.e., beverage alcohol) itself.
- ItemAnalyzing Learners’ Perception of Indicators in Student-Facing Analytics: A Card Sorting Approach(Springer, 2023) Villalobos E.; Hilliger, Isabel; Perez-Sanagustin M.; González Ugalde, Carlos; Celis S.; Broisin J.Many studies have explored using different indicators to support students’ self-monitoring. This has motivated the development of student-facing analytics, such as dashboards and chatbots. However, there is a limited understanding of how learners interpret these indicators and act on that information. This study evaluates different indicators from a student perspective by adapting the card sorting technique, which is employed in Human-Centered Design. We chose eight indicators based on different comparative reference frames from the literature to create 16 cards to present both a visual and a text representation per indicator. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 21 students of three majors at two Latin American universities. According to the quantitative results, students’ agreement level about the indicators’ interpretability and actionability was relatively low. Nonetheless, the indicators that included temporality were found to be less interpretable but more actionable than those that did not. The analysis indicates that several students would use this information to improve their study habits only if their performance in the course is lower than expected. These findings might be used as a starting point to design student-facing analytics. Also, adapting the card sorting technique could be replicated to understand learners’ use of indicators in other TEL contexts.
- ItemApplications of power ultrasound in mining(2023) Gaete-Garretón, L.F.; Vargas-Hernández, Y.P.; Videla Leiva, Alvaro Rodrigo
- ItemAprendizaje activo y pedagogías de la práctica para la formación inicial de educadoras y educadores(Ediciones UC, 2021) Meneses, Alejandra; Strasser, Katherine; Barra, Gabriela
- ItemBergson, Peirce y Vygotski: Imaginación y la producción del mundo a finales del siglo XI y principios del XX(2019) Haye M., Andrés; Hevia Jordán, Evelyn; Reiter Barros, Francisco; Salas, Gonzalo
- ItemBig data para la identificación del comportamiento criminal(Centro de Políticas Públicas UC, 2019) Wout, Elwin van't; Valenzuela Carvallo, Eduardo; Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier; Pieringer Baeza, Christian Philip; Torres Irribarra, David; Larroulet Philippi, PilarEl big data ha revolucionado las ciencias y la industria con su impresionante poder de analizar grandes conjuntos de datos y algoritmos que pueden predecir eventos futuros con una alta precisión. Este capítulo estudiará el uso de herramientas automatizadas para identificar el comportamiento delictual, con el objetivo final de ayudar a la policía en su mejora continua de la gestión eficiente de los recursos gubernamentales para reducir la delincuencia. Se han desarrollado modelos matemáticos que permiten extraer información relevante de una base de datos, que contiene registros de detenciones por las policías e información sociodemográfica sobre los victimarios. El análisis descriptivo presenta los indicadores clave del estado actual de delincuencia en Chile y una tipología del comportamiento criminal. La predicción de detenciones futuras es desafiante: la precisión debe aumentarse, antes de usar los algoritmos en la práctica, especialmente porque una predicción errónea puede resultar en costos sociales demasiados altos. Para completar el estudio, se presenta una discusión sobre los alcances y posibles fuentes de sesgo en la predicción. Por último, se elaboran propuestas sobre cómo mejorar las políticas públicas y la organización policial basada en herramientas de big data.
- ItemChapter 13 : Origin and evolution of human speech : emergence from a trimodal auditory, visual and vocal network(2019) Michon Desbiey, Maëva; López Hernández, Vladimir; Aboitiz, FranciscoIn recent years, there have been important additions to the classical model of speech processing as originally depicted by the Broca–Wernicke model consisting of an anterior, productive region and a posterior, perceptive region, both connected via the arcuate fasciculus. The modern view implies a separation into a dorsal and a ventral pathway conveying different kinds of linguistic information, which parallels the organization of the visual system. Furthermore, this organization is highly conserved in evolution and can be seen as the neural scaffolding from which the speech networks originated. In this chapter we emphasize that the speech networks are embedded in a multimodal system encompassing audio-vocal and visuo-vocal connections, which can be referred to an ancestral audio-visuo-motor pathway present in nonhuman primates. Likewise, we propose a trimodal repertoire for speech processing and acquisition involving auditory, visual and motor representations of the basic elements of speech: phoneme, observation of mouth movements, and articulatory processes. Finally, we discuss this proposal in the context of a scenario for early speech acquisition in infants and in human evolution.
- ItemChapter 5 - Imagination and mind wandering: two sides of the same coin? A brain dynamics perspective(2020) Villena González, Mario; Cosmelli, Diego; D. Preiss, David; Cosmelli, Diego; Kaufman, James C.The renewed interest in mind wandering has produced a wealth of knowledge about brain mechanisms underlying the generation of spontaneous thoughts and stimulus-independent cognition. However, how this phenomenon relates to the more classically defined imagination, with which it shares several key phenomenological and psychological features, remains largely unexplored. Here, we discuss whether and how imagination relates to mind wandering and whether they depend on similar brain mechanisms. We pay particular attention to the spontaneous/deliberate contrast in both these phenomena and the importance of considering thought contents, modality, temporality, and emotional valence when studying stimulus-independent cognition. We draw from recent advances in brain connectivity studies to analyze the role that the brain's default mode network (DMN) might have in articulating these two pervasive aspects of human mental life. It appears that such an integrative process is likely to depend on a highly dynamical DMN, one that cannot be reduced simply to a resting state or self-related network. Ultimately, this challenges the idea that mind wandering and imagination are substantially different processes and suggests that it might be worth looking at them as part of the same type of self-generated mental activity.
- ItemChile: 50 años del golpe y la memoria en la ficción(2024) Julio Pohlhammer, Pablo; Grassau, Daniela; Bruna Silva, Alejandro Hans; Fernández Medina, Francisco Javier
- ItemChilean structural design guide for low-volume roads(2003) Thenoux, G; Gonzalez Vaccarezza, Alvaro Andres; Halles, F; TRB
- ItemChile’s Education Transfers, 2001–2009(2014) Mardones Zuniga, Rodrigo
- ItemConclusion: Intelligence Does Not Inhere Within the Individual but Rather in Person x Task x Situation Interactions(Palgrave Macmillan Cham, 2022) Sternberg, Robert J.; Preiss Contreras, David DanielHistorically, intelligence has been viewed as a trait—a characteristic of a person that is at least partially heritable and that is relatively stable, relative to other persons, throughout a lifetime. Sternberg (2021a) has questioned this view and suggested instead that intelligence is not an inherent trait but rather a person x task x situation interaction.
- ItemConstitution and housing(Routledge, 2022) Vergara-Perucich, Francisco; Aguirre Núñez, Carlos Andrés; Encinas Pino, Felipe; Hidalgo, Rodrigo; Truffello Robledo, Ricardo; Ladrón de Guevara, Felipe
- ItemContenidos y temas de las reformas eclesiásticas borbónicas(2022) Enriquez , Lucrecia Raquel
- ItemContingent Agreements to Reduce the Impacts of Droughts on Human Water Consumption(Springer, 2025) Vicuna Diaz, Sebastián; Ávila, Antonia; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Melo Contreras, Oscar Alfredo; Rivera Bravo, Daniela Pilar; Molinos, MaríaOne of the expected impacts of climate change is the alteration of precipitation and temperatures, modifying hydrological regimes and water availability. Faced with these changes, it is essential to adopt measures to guarantee the quantity, quality and continuity of drinking water supply to the population. This chapter proposes an instrument that consists of the design and implementation of pre-agreement contracts for the temporary transfer of water volumes from agriculture to water utilities. The application of the instrument is presented using the Aconcagua River basin and the Valparaíso-Viña del Mar conurbation in Chile as a case study. Through simulation models, the transfers, and economic compensations of a potential application of the instrument are characterized and evaluated considering different future climate scenarios, drought triggers for activation of pre-agreements, compensation scenarios based on human basic water consumption thresholds, and opportunity cost of water used in the agricultural sector.
- ItemContinuation Ratio Model for Polytomous Items Under Complex Sampling Design(Springer Cham, 2022) Carrasco Ogaz, Diego; Torres Irribarra, David; González Burgos, Jorge AndrésThe use of polytomous items as part of background or context questionnaires and complex sampling designs are two features common in international large-scale assessments (ILSA). Popular choices to model polytomous items within ILSA include the partial credit model, the graded response model, and confirmatory factor analysis. However, an absent model in ILSA studies is the continuation ratio model. The continuation ratio model is a flexible alternative and a very extendable response model applicable in different situations. Although existing software can fit this model, not all these tools can incorporate complex sampling design features present in ILSA studies. This study aims to illustrate a method to fit a continuation ratio model including complex sampling design information, thus expanding the modelling tools available for secondary users of large-scale assessment studies.
- ItemContinuation ratio model for polytomous responses with censored like latent classes(Springer, 2023) Carrasco Ogaz, Diego; Torres Irribarra, David; González Burgos, Jorge AndrésPolytomous item responses are prevalent in background or context questionnaires of International large-scale assessments (ILSA). Responses to these types of instruments can vary in their symmetry or skewness. Zero inflation of responses can lead to biased estimates of item parameters in the response model and also to a downward bias in the conditional model when the zero inflated component is not accounted for in the model. In this paper, we propose to use a mixture continuation ratio response model to approximate the non-normality of the latent variable distribution. We use responses to bullying items from an ILSA study, which typically present positive asymmetry. The present model allows us to distinguish bullying victimization risk profiles among students, retrieve bullying victimization risk scores, and determine the population prevalence of the bullying events. This study also aims to illustrate how to fit a mixture continuation ratio model, including complex sampling design, thus expanding the modeling tools available for secondary users of large-scale assessment studies.