Capítulos de libros

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Browsing Capítulos de libros by browse.metadata.categoriaods "10 Reducción de las desigualdades"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    América Latina: una comunidad de seguridad no beligerante
    (Ril Editores, 2021) Jenne, Nicole
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    Bringing Inequality Closer: A Comparative Urban Sociology of Socially Diverse Neighborhoods
    (2014) Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier
    This chapter addresses the issues of segregation and social mix by comparing two socially diverse neighbourhoods in Chicago (Cabrini Green and Near North) and Santiago (La Loma and La Florida area). It aims to understand how social relationships can be modified by a change in spatial configurations, questioning whether intergroup physical proximity triggers other processes of integration, notably functional, relational, and symbolic integration. Social mix leads to more amenities and some institutional change, but not to upward social mobility for the poor. Moreover, intergroup relationships in these socially mixed neighbourhoods are marked by fear, distrust, and avoidance and governed by increased material and symbolic competition. Ultimately, the physical proximity of social mix conceals the persistence of inequality and the forces that are actively maintaining segregation.
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    Chileans in China and How They View Their Role in Public Diplomacy: Between Entrepreneurship and State Policies
    (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021) Labarca, Claudia; Werner-Wildner, Philipe
    Since the Free Trade Agreement between China and Chile took effect in 2006, a Chilean business-led diaspora has been growing in mainland China. Using a qualitative thematic analysis, and through perspectives gathered during 19 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, this chapter describes this diaspora community’s characteristics, motivations, identities, and levels of social capital. It also explores its contributions to public diplomacy efforts promoted by the Chilean government in China. By doing this, this chapter avoids the traditional focus on the political dimensions of diasporas to instead explore business-centered state-diaspora interactions.
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    Diseño para ciudades inclusivas e inteligentes
    (Ril Editores, 2024) Juliá Nehme, Begoña; Rico, Mercedes
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    Gender and the mediated political sphere from a feminist theory lens
    (2018) Harp, Dustin; Bachmann C., Ingrid; Harp, Dustin; Loke, Jaime; Bachmann, Ingrid
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    Gender Protests and Transgressive Tactics
    (Palgrave Macmillan, 2024) Disi Pavlic, Rodolfo; Paredes, Valentina; Reyes-Housholder, Catherine Grace
    This chapter focuses on “gender protests,” defined as social conflicts motivated by equality issues concerning men and women as well as sexual majorities and minorities. Feminist protests resurged massively in May 2018 in what has been referred to as a “third wave” of Chilean feminism (Fina Gonzalez and Figueroa Vidal in Revista Punto Género 11:51–72, 2019; Miranda and Roque in Economía y Política 8:65–93, 2021; Reyes-Housholder and Roque in Revista de Ciencia Política 39:191–216, 2019).
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    Inequality and Class Consciousness
    (SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2019) Carvacho, Hector; Alvarez, Belen; Jetten, J; Peters, K
    Recent institutional and cultural changes have allowed individuals to gradually (but persistently) follow more complex, less uniform, and less predictable work and family patterns than the patterns often assumed to be the norm in Western settings. However, we identify important gaps in this literature: (i) a persistent focus on high-income countries in Western Europe and North America, (ii) an emphasis on narrowed periods of adulthood, and (iii) a disregard for coresidential histories when analyzing the family domain. In this paper, we aim to address these shortcomings in two ways. First, we identify lifetime employment and coresidential trajectories of individuals living currently in Santiago, Chile, born between 1944 and 1954-a cohort that faced several political, economic, and cultural changes across their lives. Second, we explore how gender and socioeconomic disadvantages are associated with individuals' life trajectories. We conduct a multichannel sequence analysis of a comprehensive life history dataset and find that about a quarter of the sample (27.2%) follows a modal pattern of continuous formal full-time employment and coresidence with a partner and children. The remaining proportion of individuals follow more complex, unstable, and interrupted patterns, which vary in their levels of work attachment, work informality, solo parenthood, and intergenerational households. Our findings question the idea that socially advantaged individuals opt for more complex life courses and instead confirm the association between socially disadvantaged individuals, particularly women and those lower educated, and complex trajectories. Rather than deliberate individualistic choices, life course instability appears as an additional layer of social disadvantage.
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    Los ODS y su descentralización: una tarea pendiente
    (2024) Barton, Jonathan Richard; Álvarez Véliz, Rodrigo Ignacio
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    Refusing land’s capture: a new status for a finite resource
    (Springer, 2023) Díaz Peñaloza, Francisco Javier; Boano, Camillo
    Through this argumentative essay, we seek to frame a new status for land. First, with the help of companion intellectuals we analyze the construction of land as stable property that ultimately became financial security, to the point that nation-states ended up providing the apparatus to secure land property. Then, based on different alternatives of refusal we aim to destabilize the ‘secure’ position of land as property. This opens the space to propose a new status for land: an infrastructure for coexistence, a scarce resource that escapes capture. For if private property is at the root of inequality, then we may start to think of strategies that run away from that condition to ensure the right of future generations to have a place to live with dignity.
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    Segregación Residencial, Guetos y Políticas de Dispersión
    (Editorial Universitaria, 2013) Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; López Morales, Ernesto; Arriagada, Camilo; Jirón, Paola; Eliash, Humberto
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    Social identities and conflict in Chile: the role of historical and political processes
    (Springer, 2016) Carvacho García, Héctor; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Gerber, Mónica M.
    In this chapter, we seek to integrate historical and contextual perspectives with socio-psychological theories to better understand the development of social identities and conflicts in Chile. Specifically, we analyse across different contexts, ethnic identity, national identity in the context of immigration, political, gender and social class identities. We address the historical background that gave rise to status and power differences, the nature of these intergroup relations and the conflicts associated with the groups involved. We conclude by arguing that in order for a modern society to tackle the challenges imposed by multiculturalism and social diversity, historical and political processes need to be considered, in addition to the needs of belonging, distinctiveness and factors that might threaten social identities. Fostering opportunities to experience positive intergroup encounters, in which, groups can learn from each other and more importantly, can live in peace without feeling threatened by the presence of other groups is seen as crucial.
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    Subsidios de formalización laboral femenina: una propuesta de rediseño para aumentar coberturas en el ecosistema beneficiario
    (Centro de Políticas Públicas UC, 2025) Inostroza Correa, Alejandra; Flores Arenas, Bárbara; Eberhard Aguirre, Juan; Miranda Sánchez, Paula; Cabello Hutt, Tania Jennifer
    La informalidad laboral es una problemática persistente en América Latina, con especial incidencia en las mujeres debido a factores estructurales y culturales. Este fenómeno limita el acceso a condiciones laborales dignas y perpetúa desigualdades de género en el mercado laboral. En Chile, los subsidios del Bono al Trabajo de la Mujer (BTM) y el Subsidio al Empleo Joven (SEJ) buscan fomentar la formalización laboral de sectores vulnerables, sin embargo, presentan bajas tasas de cobertura y efectividad. Este estudio analiza la problemática asociada a la cobertura de estos subsidios, utilizando metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas para identificar barreras desde la perspectiva de beneficiarias, potenciales beneficiarias y empleadores.Los resultados muestran que, aunque los programas alivian temporalmente la precariedad económica, no logran consolidarse como herramientas efectivas para la formalización laboral de las trabajadoras. Factores como la burocracia en los procesos de postulación, montos insuficientes y una focalización limitada dificultan su acceso, especialmente en pequeñas y medianas empresas. Asimismo, los subsidios tienden a beneficiar a mujeres con trayectorias laborales previamente formales, sin incidir significativamente en la transición de la informalidad a la formalidad. El estudio propone un rediseño integral de los subsidios, fusionando el SEJ y el BTM en un programa único que priorice mujeres jóvenes y empresas pequeñas. Además, se sugiere aumentar los montos, simplificar los procesos de postulación, reducir la duración del subsidio y vincularlo a otras políticas complementarias, como capacitaciones y apoyo en cuidados. Estas medidas buscan potenciar la efectividad de los subsidios como herramientas de inclusión laboral, contribuyendo a una mayor equidad de género en el mercado laboral chileno y ofreciendo lecciones aplicables a contextos similares en la región.
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    The role of classroom discussion
    (2018) Carrasco Ogaz, Diego Alonso; Torres Irribarra, David; Sandoval-Hernández, Andrés; Isac, Maria Magdalena; Miranda, Daniel