Capítulos de libros

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Browsing Capítulos de libros by browse.metadata.categoriaods "03 Salud y bienestar"

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    Climatic Profile and Drought Characteristics in Chile
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Meza Dabancens Francisco Javier
    © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.From a climatic perspective,Chile Chile is a country of extremes. From the driest desert on Earth to Patagonia, communities and ecosystems have adapted to different climates and to enduring periods of persisting drought. With mounting evidence of global change processes, it is still unclear how these regimes will evolve in the future, and what are the challenges that water managers will need to manage droughts. This chapter describes the major climatic regimes in the country, highlighting the variability and uncertainties pertaining to the occurrence of droughts. Climate change projections will be discussed and its impact on droughts.
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    Foreword by Mario Ubilla S.
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Ubilla Sanz Mario Antonio
    © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Nowadays, at the San Rafael Family Health Center (Cesfam), territory and Health System converge in two simultaneous interaction spaces. The first are the waiting and stay areas within the building that have incorporated libraries, interior gardens, and free-use spaces for patients, neighbors and officials, favoring the encounter between them. The second is a more intangible space built through the coordinated work between a group of Cesfam workers—called Family Executives—and the Social Leaders of the sector that expand the monitoring capacity of the Cesfam and build a bridge between the socio-health needs of the neighborhood and the Health Center. The description of this case constitutes an inspiration for the form that a feminist design of public health spaces could take that welcome and enhance their role as a moment of coexistence between State and Citizenship, and materialize an accessible space from care, attention and encounter. The case was addressed through a series of field work sessions during 2021 and 2022 that included observation and description of the waiting and transit spaces inside the Health Center, interviews and conversations with workers and patients, and the subsequent analysis and translation of what was observed into design recommendations with a feminist approach. Finally, in addition to the potential of the Cesfam San Rafael as a benchmark for public space that fosters an effective encounter between state and territory, the work opens the space to reflect on the capacity of design as a discipline to materialize political approaches and counter-hegemonic narratives that can be experienced corporally by people to push for a transformation in the way of conceiving and inhabiting these spaces from a feminist perspective.
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    Public Health as Public Space: Feminist Design for Spaces of Care, Encounter and Collaboration Between State and Citizenship Around Well-Being
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Sanchez Hidalgo Patricia Isidora
    © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Nowadays, at the San Rafael Family Health Center (Cesfam), territory and Health System converge in two simultaneous interaction spaces. The first are the waiting and stay areas within the building that have incorporated libraries, interior gardens, and free-use spaces for patients, neighbors and officials, favoring the encounter between them. The second is a more intangible space built through the coordinated work between a group of Cesfam workers—called Family Executives—and the Social Leaders of the sector that expand the monitoring capacity of the Cesfam and build a bridge between the socio-health needs of the neighborhood and the Health Center. The description of this case constitutes an inspiration for the form that a feminist design of public health spaces could take that welcome and enhance their role as a moment of coexistence between State and Citizenship, and materialize an accessible space from care, attention and encounter. The case was addressed through a series of field work sessions during 2021 and 2022 that included observation and description of the waiting and transit spaces inside the Health Center, interviews and conversations with workers and patients, and the subsequent analysis and translation of what was observed into design recommendations with a feminist approach. Finally, in addition to the potential of the Cesfam San Rafael as a benchmark for public space that fosters an effective encounter between state and territory, the work opens the space to reflect on the capacity of design as a discipline to materialize political approaches and counter-hegemonic narratives that can be experienced corporally by people to push for a transformation in the way of conceiving and inhabiting these spaces from a feminist perspective.
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    Sensing the City. Co-designing Urban Space with Deaf Children and Their Caregivers
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Carrasco Pizarro Carolina Andrea
    © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.This study addressesSpace a relevant, but often overlooked issue: the inclusion of deaf childrenChildren and their caregivers in public spacePublic space. Although efforts have been made to address the needs of people with motor and visual disabilities in urban environmentsEnvironment, the difficulties experienced by this group of people in public spacesPublic space have received little attention. In early childhoodEarly childhood, language development and socialization are critical aspects. For childrenChildren with hearing difficulties, reducing the gaps in their development is imperative. This study is part of the applied research project “Sensing the City”, which is being developed in collaborationCollaborations with the school for deaf childrenChildren Ana Bruzone 197, Montevideo Innovation Laboratory, ARUP and the Bernard Van Leer Foundation. Its main objective is to improve the accessibilityAccessibility and inclusion of these childrenChildren and their caregivers in public spacesPublic space. To achieve this, experimental prototypes have been created inCo - design co-designDesign with the affected group and have been arranged in the public spacePublic space. This has allowed to explore in a situated way the difficulties and opportunities they face when moving and communicating in the street and the neighborhood. The project is not limited to identifying barriers but also seeks to open new perspectives for the development of a city that takes into account all senses. The group of deaf childrenChildren has been actively involved in co-designDesign workshops, which has facilitated the contribution of their ideas and experiences. The data has been collected through analysis of previous studies, participant observation in workshops and evaluation of the prototypes through non-intrusive observation and semi-structured interviews. The results of this study reveal the need to define urban artifacts as prototypes that explore the improvement of visual communication and the creation of safe spacesSpace for play that promote communication through sign language. In addition, the incorporation of other senses, such as smell and touch, to stimulate exploration and play, which expands the opportunities for active and social learning of this group of people, has been examined. In summary, the “Sensing the City” project represents an innovative initiative that effectively addresses the accessibilityAccessibility and inclusion of deaf childrenChildren and their caregivers in public spacesPublic space. This collaborative andCo - design co-designDesign-based approach contributes to envisioning how communication and movement gaps in public spacePublic space could be reduced, thus improving the quality of life of this group and their caregivers.
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    The Chilean Economy: A General Profile
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Morande Lavin Felipe Guillermo
    © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the Chilean economy, detailing its current state, historical development, institutional frameworks, and economic policies. It also discusses recent advancements, challenges, and future opportunities for growth and development. Chile’s GDP in 2023 was nearly US$ 330 billion, with a per capita figure of over US$ 30,000 in PPP terms. The country’s economy is highly integrated into international trade, with exports and imports comprising 75% of GDP. Chile exhibits high social indicators such as life expectancy (81.4 years) and literacy rate (96.4%), but income inequality remains a significant issue, as reflected by a Gini coefficient of 0.46. Since the military coup in 1973, Chile has undergone extensive economic reforms, including trade liberalization, privatization, and the establishment of a market economy. These reforms have significantly shaped the current economic landscape. Post-1990 democratic governments focused on “growth with equity,” maintaining market-oriented policies while increasing social spending to address high poverty rates and improve social equity. The autonomous Central Bank of Chile has been instrumental in achieving and maintaining low and stable inflation rates, which is crucial for economic stability and growth. Chile’s abundant natural resources, particularly in lithium and renewable energy, present significant opportunities for economic growth, especially in the context of global efforts to combat climate change.