Capítulos de libros

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    Constructing Simple Biological Networks for Understanding Complex High-Throughput Data in Plants
    (Springer, 2015) Vidal Olate, Elena Alejandra; Contreras López, Luis Orlando; Gutiérrez Ilabaca, Rodrigo Antonio; Moyano Yugovic, Tomás Custodio; Stepanova, Anna N.
    Technological advances in the last decade have enabled biologists to produce increasing amounts of information for the transcriptome, proteome, interactome, and other -omics data sets in many model organisms. A major challenge is integration and biological interpretation of these massive data sets in order to generate testable hypotheses about gene regulatory networks or molecular mechanisms that govern system behaviors. Constructing gene networks requires bioinformatics skills to adequately manage, integrate, analyze and productively use the data to generate biological insights. In this chapter, we provide detailed methods for users without prior knowledge of bioinformatics to construct gene networks and derive hypotheses that can be experimentally verified. Step-by-step instructions for acquiring, integrating, analyzing, and visualizing genome-wide data are provided for two widely used open source platforms, R and Cytoscape platforms. The examples provided are based on Arabidopsis data, but the protocols presented should be readily applicable to any organism for which similar data can be obtained.
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    Genetics of body composition: From severe obesity to extreme leanness
    (2020) Cortes Mora, Víctor Antonio; Santos Martin, José Luis
    This chapter describes common genetic variations influencing body composition as well as rare mutations causing monogenic obesity or extreme leanness. Large population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed more than 500 genetic loci associated with body mass index (BMI) and adiposity traits in the population. Common variations in FTO and MC4R genes are the most statistically consistent signals across studies. Although discoveries of new gene variants through GWAS are important for expanding underlying knowledge on body fat accumulation, their small effect make them insufficient for predicting obesity. Most cases of monogenic obesity are derived from rare mutations in genes belonging to the leptin-melanocortin pathway, such as LEP, LEPR, MC4R, or POMC genes. On the other extreme of BMI, the study of congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndrome has revealed mutations in AGPAT2, BSCL2, PTRF, and CAV1 genes. The evaluation of obesity and leanness as opposite phenotypes represents an interesting approach to assessing causal gene variations related to body composition.
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    Junaeb’s School Feeding Programs in Chile; Innovations for Threats to Food Security
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Fellenberg A.; Cobo N.
    © 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Among the Chilean government’s measures to deal with malnutrition diseases caused by over eating, the school feeding programs stand out. The JUNAEB1, with private providers’ participation, has developed innovations to improve the students’ acceptability of food, aimed at making such programs more attractive and improving nutritional quality.
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    Quality Evaluation and Control of Potato Chips
    (2016) Pedreschi, F.; Mery Quiroz, Domingo Arturo; Marique, T.
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    Quinoa Breeding and Genomics
    (Wiley, 2019) Murphy, Kevin M.; Matanguihan, Janet B.; Fuentes Carmona, Francisco Fabián; Rayda Gomez Pando, Luz; Jellen, Eric N.; Maughan, Peter J.; Jarvis, David E.
    The production and consumption of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) have grown rapidly in recent years, spreading far beyond its traditional growing region of the Andes Mountains in South America. The increase in consumption is due primarily to its high nutritional value and flavorful seed, whereas the expansion in production area is due to the broad adaptability of the species across a wide range of latitudes, altitudes, precipitation zones, soil types, and salinity levels. Efforts are underway across the globe to develop regionally resilient quinoa cultivars and productive cropping systems. The recent publication of the quinoa genome has opened avenues of research previously unavailable in quinoa breeding and should contribute substantially to the development of improved cultivars. This chapter reviews the evolution of quinoa and its wild relatives, the traditional ecotypes from which the majority of modern cultivars descend, and the history of quinoa breeding in South America. It discusses quinoa's reproductive and pollination systems, as well as recent advances in the genetics and genomics of this allotetraploid species. Following an overview of quinoa breeding methods, it focuses on breeding objectives, including yield potential, traits of agronomic importance, tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and characteristics of critical importance to end-use quality and nutritional value.