Artículos de revistas

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Esta colección incluye artículos de revistas de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.

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Advances in seed mucilage: Chemical characterization, functional properties, extraction, and applications in edible coatings for meat preservation
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Tobar Espinoza, Bernardo David; Pérez C., José Ricardo
Seed mucilage represents a diverse group of plant-derived biopolymers with significant potential in food preservation applications due to their unique functional properties and natural origin. The preservation of refrigerated meat products faces significant challenges due to lipid oxidation and microbial growth, which degrade quality and shorten shelf life. Seed mucilage-based edible coatings provide an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic preservatives. This review examines advanced mucilage extraction techniques, including ultrasound and microwave-assisted methods, and emerging approaches utilizing deep eutectic solvents. It also explores cutting-edge analytical methods for mucilage characterization, such as FTIR, NMR, HPLC, and electron microscopy, offering insights into its chemical structure and functional properties. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between mucilage's molecular structure and its functional attributes, including water retention, gel formation, bioadhesion, and encapsulation of bioactive compounds like essential oils and antimicrobial agents. Recent research demonstrates that seed mucilage-derived coatings can extend the shelf life of refrigerated meat by reducing lipid oxidation, inhibiting microbial growth, and maintaining sensory and nutritional qualities. The bioadhesive and barrier properties of mucilage enhance the controlled release of active ingredients, effectively retarding spoilage. This review highlights the potential of seed mucilage as a natural, cost-effective, and sustainable solution to meat preservation challenges, addressing the growing demand for environmentally responsible packaging while ensuring product quality and safety.
Analysis of 4,164 type 1 diabetes antibody profiles in a chilean health centreMarcadores inmunológicos de diabetes tipo 1: Análisis de 4.164 perfiles en un centro de salud de Chile
(Academic Press, 2021) VERA F.; RODRÍGUEZ D.; QUIROGA T.; JOFRÉ P.; GRASSI B.; POLLAK F.; LAGOS R.
© 2021 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Background: Previous studies have assessed the role of Type 1 diabetes (DM1) antibodies as predictors of the natural history of disease. Aim: To determine the frequency and combinations of positivity for DM1 antibodies in patients with DM1 and the relationship between antibody positivity and the age of the patient. To explore the relationship between history of insulin therapy or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of the disease with antibody positivity in a subsample. Material and Methods: Data was gathered from every sample processed for DM1 antibodies in our laboratory between January 2015 and September 2019. Medical records from 84 patients who tested positive for at least one antibody were revised to study the relationship between insulin therapy or DKA at the onset of the disease with antibody positivity. Results: Forty percent of DM1 antibody tests were positive. Among positive tests, 1, 2, 3 or 4 DM1 antibodies were detected in 48%, 33%, 17% and 3% of cases, respectively. The likelihood of testing positive was inversely related with age for ICA, GAD, IA-2, ZnT8 and directly proportional for IAA (β = -0,012; -0,013; -0,014; -0,009; 0,005 respectively). An association between DKA at the onset of the disease and IA-2 positivity was observed (Odds ratio (OR) 5.38 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.79 - 16.16, P < 0.01). No association was found between IAA positivity and history of insulin therapy (OR 2.25 95%CI 0.63 - 7.90, P = 0.2403). Conclusions: The results obtained from this study represent a novel local profile of DM1 antibody data, highlighting a relationship between antibody positivity and age.
Analysis of different approaches to model the austempering heat treatment of ductile irons
(Academic Press, 2021) Boccardo A.D.; Dardati P.M.; Celentano D.J.; Celentano D.J.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Austempered ductile iron is a metallic alloy of technological interest. Currently, the part design is added by means of simulations performed by using different types of models. This work aims at comparing three models respectively based on the Avrami's equation, spherical representative volume elements, and cellular automata; all of them are able to compute the phase evolutions during the ausferritic and martensitic transformations. The models are employed to reproduce the experimental heat treatments where their strongness and weakness are discussed.
Are we doing enough to assess surgical quality in advanced colon and rectal cancer?
(Academic Press, 2021) Warrier S.K.; Larach J.T.; Kong J.C.H.; Waters P.S.; McCormick J.J.; Heriot A.G.; Warrier S.K.; Smart P.J.; McCormick J.J.; Heriot A.G.; Larach J.T.; Smart P.J.
© 2021 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Background: Previous studies have assessed the role of Type 1 diabetes (DM1) antibodies as predictors of the natural history of disease. Aim: To determine the frequency and combinations of positivity for DM1 antibodies in patients with DM1 and the relationship between antibody positivity and the age of the patient. To explore the relationship between history of insulin therapy or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of the disease with antibody positivity in a subsample. Material and Methods: Data was gathered from every sample processed for DM1 antibodies in our laboratory between January 2015 and September 2019. Medical records from 84 patients who tested positive for at least one antibody were revised to study the relationship between insulin therapy or DKA at the onset of the disease with antibody positivity. Results: Forty percent of DM1 antibody tests were positive. Among positive tests, 1, 2, 3 or 4 DM1 antibodies were detected in 48%, 33%, 17% and 3% of cases, respectively. The likelihood of testing positive was inversely related with age for ICA, GAD, IA-2, ZnT8 and directly proportional for IAA (β = -0,012; -0,013; -0,014; -0,009; 0,005 respectively). An association between DKA at the onset of the disease and IA-2 positivity was observed (Odds ratio (OR) 5.38 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.79 - 16.16, P < 0.01). No association was found between IAA positivity and history of insulin therapy (OR 2.25 95%CI 0.63 - 7.90, P = 0.2403). Conclusions: The results obtained from this study represent a novel local profile of DM1 antibody data, highlighting a relationship between antibody positivity and age.
Assessment of Diet Quality in Chilean Urban Population through the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study
(2019) Pinto Manzo, Victoria Sabina; Landaeta-Díaz, Leslie; Castillo, Oscar; Villarroel Del Pino, Luis Antonio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe
Most worldwide causes of disease and death are strongly associated with dietary factors and the application of eating indexes has proved to be a useful tool to determine diet quality in populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality in Chile through the application of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). A representative sample (n = 879) of Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutricion y Salud; ELANS) was used. Dietary intake data were obtained through two 24-hour food recalls and one beverage frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate AHEI-2010 and its association with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. In this Chilean sample, the AHEI-2010 score was 43.7 +/- 7.8 points (mean +/- SD). Trans fats and sodium intake were the highest scoring AHEI-2010 components whereas sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains had the lowest score. Women, older subjects, and individuals in medium-high socioeconomic levels had significantly higher mean AHEI-2010 scores. No association was found between AHEI-2010 and body mass index (BMI), or nutritional status. Conclusions: Diet quality in the Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old is far from optimal. Thus, there is room for significant improvement of diet quality in Chile through design and implementation of public health policies, particularly in high-risk groups for chronic diseases.
Association of hyperglycemia with the length of stay in hospitalized patientsPrevalencia de hiperglicemia y su relación con el tiempo de estadía en un hospital terciario
(Academic Press, 2021) Grassi B.; Maiz A.; Álvarez P.; Kara F.; Strodthoff K.
© 2021 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Background: Hyperglycemia during hospital stay is associated with adverse outcomes. Aim: To characterize the frequency of hyperglycemia in a tertiary hospital and to correlate it with length of hospital stay (LOS). Material and Methods: Review of medical records of hospitalized patients. Demographic data and laboratory data, previous diabetes mellitus (DM) history, current main diagnosis, unit of hospitalization and the two highest capillary blood glucose values from the analyzed period were recorded for each patient. LOS was obtained from electronic clinical records. Results: 210 subjects, aged 60 ± 19 years (104 women) were included. 113 patients (54%) developed hyperglycemia ≥ 140 mg/L. Thirty one percent of these had a previous history of diabetes and 29% had stress hyperglycemia (SHG). Patients with a history of DM had a higher average blood glucose than those with SHG (238.9 and 178.2 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.01) and a greater percentage of cases with a blood glucose above 180 mg/dL (72 and 40.0%, respectively, p < 0.01). Hospital LOS was significantly longer in patients with hyperglycemia ≥ 140 mg/dL as compared with those with normoglycemia (29.3 and 12.8 days, respectively, p < 0.01). This association remained significant when introduced in a linear regression analysis including diagnosis, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hospitalization unit (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Hyperglycemia during hospitalization affects more than half of hospitalized patients and is associated with a longer length of stay.
Dermoscopy of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm in two patients
(Academic Press, 2021) Nicklas C.; Lopez E.; Bellolio E.; Goldberg I.; Geller S.; Navarrete-Dechent C.
Copyright © 2021 by the American Academy of PediatricsCONTEXT: Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the most important intervention during neonatal resuscitation. OBJECTIVE: To compare T-piece resuscitators (TPRs), self-inflating bags (SIBs), and flow-inflating bags for newborns receiving PPV during delivery room resuscitation. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and trial registries (inception to December 2020). STUDY SELECTION: Randomized, quasi-randomized, interrupted time series, controlled before-and-after, and cohort studies were included without language restrictions. DATA EXTRACTION: Two researchers independently extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, and evaluated the certainty of evidence. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. When appropriate, data were pooled by using fixed-effect models. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials (1247 patients) revealed no significant difference between TPR and SIB for in-hospital mortality (risk ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40 to 1.34). Resuscitation with a TPR resulted in a shorter duration of PPV (mean difference - 19.8 seconds; 95% CI - 27.7 to - 12.0 seconds) and lower risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (risk ratio 0.64; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.95; number needed to treat 32). No differences in clinically relevant outcomes were found in 2 randomized controlled trials used to compare SIBs with and without positive end-expiratory pressure valves. No studies used to evaluate flow-inflating bags were found. LIMITATIONS: Certainty of evidence was very low or low for most outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Resuscitation with a TPR compared with an SIB reduces the duration of PPV and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A strong recommendation cannot be made because of the low certainty of evidence. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of positive end-expiratory pressure valves when used with SIBs.
Didáctica de la Motricidad en la formación de profesores de educación infantil
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Rodríguez Aceituno P.F.; Hernández Pina F.
© Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)The educational system is currently in a very important process of transformation as a consequence of social and cultural changes that have taken place in recent years. These changes are promoting innovations in the field of teachers initial training, and consequently in university teaching (Merellano-Navarro, Almonacid-Fierro, Moreno-Doña et al., 2016). The present case study, carried out in a Chilean university, had the objective of analyzing the didactic training in motor skills from the reflections of the main actors. For this reason, a qualitative methodology was used (Fundamental Theory) with in-depth interviews to eight students of a pre-school education bachelor program, before and after their practice in a school context. Students’ opinions reveal that the link between pedagogical knowledge and teaching practice in didactics training is essential for good classroom performance (Grossman, Hammerness & McDonald, 2009b). The study also considers an evaluation of the course proposal including design, implementation, and reflection on their own actions (Ball & Forzani, 2011).
Distal duodenal resection: Analysis of our experience with infrequent surgeryResección duodenal distal: Análisis de nuestra experiencia con una cirugía infrecuente
(Academic Press, 2021) Ochoa S. G.S.; Fernando Crovari E.; Eduardo Briceño V.
© 2021, Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile. All rights reserved.Introduction: Distal duodenal resection is a complex and infrequent surgical technique used for the treatment of duodenal or extraduodenal pathologies that do not compromise the greater duodenal papilla, the most frequent indication being the neoplastic cause. Aim: To publicize our experience with this surgical technique. Materials and Method: Series of patients undergoing a distal duodenal resection between 2009-2020 at the UC Clinical Hospital. Results: Total 12 patients, median age 56 years. Preoperative diagnosis: primary duodenal tumors (4), tumors with duodenal involvement due to contiguity (5), and emergency pathologies (3). The approach was open in 9 patients and laparoscopic in 3 (1 converted). D3-D4 was resected in 10 patients, 1 included part of D2 and 2 only D4. The duodenojejunal anastomosis was manual in 10 cases, all with transmesocolic ascending of the jejunal loop. There were 33% (n: 4) morbidity, all Clavien Dindo II, and 8% mortality (n: 1). There was no leakage of the duodenojejunal anas-tomosis. During follow-up, none presented complications and 4 patients died of oncological progression. Conclusion: The main surgical indication was neoplastic pathology and in our series, there was no major morbidity or anastomotic leak.
Effects of intra-set rest on morphological variables, maximal strength and jump performance in university studentsEfectos del descanso intra-serie sobre variables morfológicas, fuerza máxima y saltabilidad en estudiantes universitarios
(Academic Press, 2021) Aravena-Sagardia P.; García-Sandoval A.; Valdés-Badilla P.; Barramuño M.; Herrera-Valenzuela T.; Herrera-Valenzuela T.; Branco B.H.M.; Guzmán-Muñoz E.; Vega E.C.; López-Fuenzalida A.; Vega E.C.
© 2021, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.The appropriate dosage of resistance training could promote physical and physiological adaptations and decrease injuries. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the different intra-set rest after eight weeks of resistance training on morphological variables, maximal strength, and jump performance in physically active university students. Twenty-five students (15 men and 10 women) were randomized by sex and distributed in Control Group (CG) (n=8) with rest only at the end of the series; Experimental Group 1 (EG1) (n=9) with an intra-set rest of 30 s, and Experimental Group 2 (EG2) (n=8) with four intra-set rest of 10 s. Morphological variables [body weight, bipedal height, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and muscle mass], maximum upper body strength (bench press and military press), lower body strength [parallel squat (45°) and deadlift], as well as countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured. All three groups obtained a significant increase (p<0.01) in body weight and BMI, as well as an essential reduction (p<0.01) of fat mass. Muscle mass increased significantly (p<0.01) for both CG and EG1. Maximum upper-and lower-body strength increased considerably (p<0.05) across all three groups and for all exercises, while the CMJ notably increased for CG and EG1. There are no significant changes between the different intra-set rest, when using the same volume, intensity, and total recovery time during the exercise series (p>0.05); thereby, there is an equivalent increase in muscle mass, maximal strength, jump performance, and a fat mass reduction.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of esophageal cancerDisección endoscópica submucosa para el tratamiento del cáncer esofágico
(Academic Press, 2021) Ricardo Mejía M.; Enrique Norero M.; Rodrigo Muñoz C.; Allan Sharp P.; Josefina Sáez B.; Moreno D.; Enrique Norero M.; Marco Ceroni V.; Briones P.; Ignacio Obaid C.; Cristian Martínez B.; Rodrigo Muñoz C.; Constanza Godoy S.; Alfonso Díaz F.
© 2021, Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile. All rights reserved.Introduction: Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technique that allows en bloc resection of early lesions of the digestive tract. It has curative potential in selected patients and potential benefits over esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). Aim: To report the results of ESD for EC in a high-volume center in Chile. Materials and Method: Retrospective descriptive study of patients who underwent ESD for EC at our center. Results: A total of 10 patients were treated with ESD for EC between 2010 and 2020. Eighty percent were male patients, the average age was 72 years (63-84). En bloc resection was achieved in all cases and there were no complications or mortality. All of the dissections were classified as R0 and 90% met curative standards. The mean follow-up was 38 months (3.5-123). Overall survival was 90%. Cancer-specific survival was 100% and recurrence-free survival was 100%. Discus-sion: The rate of morbidity and mortality of esophagectomy is high. ESD would be a safer technique, which allows R0 resections and eventually curation in selected patients with EC limited to the mucosa or submucosa. Conclusion: This is the first report of ESD for the treatment of EC in our country, it shows excellent oncologic results and safety of the procedure, comparable to those reported in the larger series published to date.
Functional Biopolymer Coatings with Nisin/Na-EDTA as an Active Agent: Enhancing Seafood Preservation
(MDPI, 2025) Silva-Vera, Wladimir; Escobar Aguirre, Sebastián Gonzalo; Mora Luna, Robert Emilio; Abarca Oyarce, Romina
The increasing demand for reliable food preservation strategies has driven the development of active biopolymer-based films as alternatives to conventional packaging. This study evaluates Nisin/Na-EDTA-enriched alginate and gelatin films for preserving Dosidicus gigas (jumbo squid) during refrigerated storage. Films were formulated using alginate, gelatin 220/280 Bloom, and glycerol, and characterized in terms of their mechanical, optical, and biodegradation properties. Their effectiveness for the preservation of squid fillets was tested, focusing on weight loss and color stability during refrigerated storage. The incorporation of Nisin/Na-EDTA significantly modified the film’s properties: elongation at break increased from 4.95% (alginate control) to 65.13% (gelatin 280 active), while tensile strength decreased from 8.86 MPa to 0.798 MPa (alginate). Transparency was reduced by up to 2.5 times in active agent-incorporated alginate films. All films degraded within 14 days under soil exposure, with polysaccharide-based films degrading faster. In refrigerated storage, squid fillets coated with gelatin–alginate films containing Nisin showed reduced weight loss (24.05%) compared with uncoated controls (66.36%), particularly in skin-on samples. Color parameters and whiteness index were better preserved with gelatin-based coatings. These results demonstrate the potential of gelatin–alginate films with Nisin/Na-EDTA as biodegradable, active packaging to extend the shelf life of high-protein seafood.
GnRH agonist-associated pituitary apoplexy: a case series and review of the literature
(Academic Press, 2021) Guarda F.J.; Guarda F.J.; Yu X.; Shiraliyeva N.; Haines M.S.; Nachtigall L.B.; Bradbury M.; Saylor P.J.
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Purpose: To examine the clinical presentation and longitudinal outcome of Pituitary Apoplexy (PA) after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in a series of patients and compare to prior reports. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on seven patients receiving GnRHa who developed PA. Prior reported cases were analyzed. Results: Six men (median age 72 years) with prostate cancer and one woman (aged 22 years) undergoing oocyte donation presented with PA between 1990 and 2020. Most presented with within 24 h of the first dose, but two developed PA 1 to 5 months after GnRHa initiation. The main clinical manifestations were headache (100%), nausea and vomiting (86%). While no patients had a previously known pituitary tumor, all had imaging demonstrating sellar mass and/or hemorrhage at presentation. Among those surgically treated (5/7), 80% (4/5) of patients had pathologic specimens that stained positive for gonadotropins; the remaining patient’s pathologic specimen was necrotic. At the time of PA, the most common pituitary dysfunction was hypocortisolism. Central adrenal insufficiency and central hypothyroidism were reversible in a subset. Pituitary imaging remained stable. Conclusions: This is the first report of a case series with PA after GnRHa administration with longitudinal follow-up. Although infrequent, PA can be life-threatening and should be suspected among patients receiving GnRHa, with or without a known pituitary adenoma, who develop acute headache, nausea and/or vomiting. Since hypopituitarism was reversible in a subset, ongoing pituitary function testing may be indicated.
Hemophagocytic syndrome: Clinical characterization and follow-up of a chilean pediatric cohortSíndrome hemofagocítico: Caracterización clínica y seguimiento de una cohorte pediátrica chilena
(Academic Press, 2021) Patricio Astudillo P.; Carla Parejas T.; María Angélica Wietstruck P.; Patricio Astudillo P.; Pamela Morales M.; Katia Abarca V.
© 2021, Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia. All rights reserved.Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe syndrome, potentially lethal, with a pathological activation of the immune system and an extreme hyperinflammatory response. The etiology is classified in primary HLH (familiar or genetic) and secondary (infectious, oncological, and rheumatological diseases). Aim: To analyze clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and follow-up rates in pediatric patients with HLH. Methods: A pediatric cohort of patients with HLH diagnosis attending in a tertiary hospital between January 2000 to February 2019 was analysed. Results: 23 hospitalized patients were recruited with a median of 36 months of age. The most frequent clinical and laboratory findings were fever, cytopenias, and hyperferritinemia. The most frequent aetiologies were infectious (Epstein Barr virus and citomegalovirus) and rheu-matological diseases. The global mortality was 35%, there was no significant difference between etiologies. Discussion: Considering the high mortality of HLH it is very important to have a high grade of suspicion that allows treating at an early stage. It would be important to determine clinical and laboratory predictors in multicentric studies.
Impact of a Literacy Program on the Academic Performance of First-Year University Students in ChileImpact d’un programme d’alphabétisation sur la performance scolaire des étudiants de première année d’université au ChiliImpacto de un programa de lectoescritura en elrendimiento académico de estudiantes de primer año universitario en Chile
(Academic Press, 2021) Urzúa-Martínez S.; Urzúa-Martínez S.; Riquelme-Yáñez R.; Riquelme-Yáñez R.; Micin-Carvallo S.
© 2021In the last decade, higher education institutions have deployed a series of programs to teach reading and writing at this educational level; however, little is known about the effect of these initiatives on student academic performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of one of these iniciatives on the academic performance of first-year Psychology students studying at the regional branches of Concepción, Santiago, Puerto Montt and Valdivia from the San Sebastián University, in Chile. The program was designed so that it would associate learning with the production and analysis of texts typical of the students’ disciplinary field. To estimate the effect of the program, a sample of the work done by 644 students who entered the institution in 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. Through a multiple regression model, which incorporated sociode-mographic and socio-educational variables, previous academic performance, cognitive skills, study strategies and contextual variables, it was concluded that participation in the program had a positive and statistically significant effect on students’ academic performance. The findings confirm the importance of teaching reading and writing as a situated process, especially during the first years of university.
Implementación de la práctica basada en evidencia en el currículo de Enfermería
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Arechabala M.; Salamanca M.; Silva N.; Acuña M.; Aldunate P.
© 2018, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.In the last decade, the teaching of research in nursing curricula has focused on evidence-based practice. The objective of this article is to describe a model for implementing this practice in the undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education curriculum of a nursing school. In view of this, theoretical-clinical courses were selected, and both scholars and nurses from the clinical fields were trained to ensure the continuity of student learning. The contents and competences to be taught and evaluated at each level of training were established. To conclude, the School of Nursing at Pontifical Catholica University of Chile has managed to implement evidence-based care, with the development of skills in students and professionals, in order to provide evidence-based care and/or synthesize evidence so that it be used by other professionals.
Increased BMI is associated with an altered decision-making process during healthy food choices in males and females
(Academic Press, 2025) Larenas Barrera, Gabriela Paz; Luarte, L.; Kerr, B.; Ossandón, Tomás; Cortés Mora, Víctor Antonio; Baudrand Biggs, René; Pérez Leighton, Claudio
Unhealthy diets (rich in calories, sugar, fat, and sodium) are a major cause of obesity. Why individuals struggle to make healthy food choices remains unclear. This study examined how body mass index, biological sex, and eating context influence food attribute perception, the food choice process, and the percentage of healthy food choices. In an online study, males and females with and without obesity (n = 910) rated food images for healthiness and tastiness and made food choices after prompts directing them to choose foods they considered healthy (healthy prompt) or to choose as they would in their daily lives (typical prompt), which aimed to model healthy and typical eating contexts. When foods were classified as healthy or unhealthy using nutritional labeling information, all participants rated healthy foods with larger healthiness ratings, but females rated healthy foods as healthier and tastier than males. Still, participants with obesity had fewer healthy choices (i.e., choosing the food with the largest healthiness rating) regardless of sex and prompt. Further, tastiness differences were more relevant than healthiness differences during healthy food choices among participants with obesity, and more so after the typical prompt. On the contrary, healthiness differences were more relevant among participants with healthy weight regardless of prompt type. Our findings highlight the importance of eating contexts in how individuals use their perception of food attributes during healthy food choices and suggest that increasing the presence of healthy prompts and perceived tastiness of healthy foods may promote healthy food choices among individuals with obesity.
Lettuce immune responses and apoplastic metabolite profile contribute to reduced internal leaf colonization by human bacterial pathogens
(Springer Nature, 2025) Jacob, Cristián; Melotto, Maeli
Background Human bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli can colonize the apoplast of leafy greens, where they may evade standard sanitization measures and persist until produce consumption. Bacterial survival in this niche is influenced by plant immune responses that may vary according to bacterial species and plant genotypes. The variability in immune responses has been associated with differences in pathogen persistence capacity within the phyllosphere. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that preexisting and inducible plant metabolites contribute to either restricting or facilitating colonization of human pathogens in plant tissues. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate contamination in fresh produce. Results We characterized whole-leaf transcriptome and apoplast metabolome profiles of three lettuce cultivars upon exposure to the human pathogenic bacteria S. enterica ser. Typhimurium 14028s and E. coli O157:H7. The lettuce genotypes Lollo Rossa and Green Towers exhibited stronger transcriptional modulation, primarily associated with defense-related processes and showed reduced bacterial survival in their apoplast. Surprisingly, Green Towers did not generate callose deposition or reactive oxygen species burst responses at levels comparable to that of Lollo Rossa, suggesting it has distinct modifications in the apoplastic conditions that restrict pathogen persistence. Apoplastic metabolomic profiling revealed specific compounds alterations in Green Towers linked to bacterial survival, indicating their potential role in this genotype’s defense mechanism. In contrast, the lettuce cultivar Red Tide exhibited minimal transcriptional and metabolic modulation, lack of robust defense activation, which was accompanied by apoplastic bacterial survival. Conclusions This study provides evidence that lettuce cultivars exhibit distinct molecular responses that may influence the persistence of human bacterial pathogens in the leaf apoplast. The results indicate that both immune response activation and metabolite composition may contribute to restrict apoplastic bacterial persistence or growth. These findings offer novel insights into the genetic and biochemical factors shaping lettuce-pathogen interactions, which might inform breeding programs and agronomic practices aimed at enhancing food safety.
Limitaciones y oportunidades para la adopción de la dieta mediterránea en adultos chilenos con elementos diagnósticos del síndrome metabólico
(2024) Calderón, Maribel; Plaza Paz, Gianella; Gómez, Marisol; Samith Catalán, Bárbara Patricia; Pinto Manzo, Victoria Sabina; Martínez Cifuentes, Ximena; Sara Zaror, Daniela Alejandra; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe; Calzada, Mariana; Berkowitz Fiebich, Loni; Von Schultzendorff Hoyl, Beatriz Andrea; Pedrals, Nuria; Bitrán Carreño, Marcela; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio
Background: a healthy food intake pattern, specifically the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), is a factor associated with reduced risk, lower prevalence, and better management of chronic diseases. However, there is limited information regarding how patients integrate proposals for adherence to this food pattern in their daily lives. Objective: to identify factors and conditions that influence adherence to the MedDiet in Chile. Methods: an exploratory qualitative study was applied in 35 to 65-year-old patients of both sexes who presented at least one diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Through in-depth interviews and focal groups, knowledge, assessment, attitudes, and practices associated with changes and maintenance of healthy eating habits, with emphasis on the MedDiet, were investigated. Information analysis was carried out under the grounded theory approach using the ATLAS.ti software. Results: participants recognized the value of healthy eating, including the MedDiet, but declared low knowledge (identification of single foods items) together with facilitators (variety of ingredients) and limiting factors (taste, availability/cost of some items, family dynamics) for its routine adoption. In addition, change in eating habits generates a high initial cognitive and emotional load that requires not only individual but also relational effort as it implies modifications of family and collective practices. Conclusions: information obtained on barriers and opportunities to adhere to healthy eating such as the MedDiet is key to design and implement nutritional interventions based on this food pattern and that can be sustainable in time for chronic disease management in Chile.
Littoral cell angioma of the spleen. Report of one caseAngioma de células litorales del bazo. Un diagnóstico de lesión focal esplénica. Caso clínico
(Academic Press, 2021) Valbuena J.R.; Quezada N.F.; Irarrázaval M.J.; Riveros S.A.
© 2021 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Splenic vascular neoplasms are the most common form of spleen tumors. Among them, littoral cell angioma is rare and it is frequently an incidental finding in imaging studies. It has no specific clinical, laboratory or imaging findings. Splenectomy allows definitive diagnosis throughout a histopathological examination. We report a 52-year-old man presenting with asthenia and abdominal distension. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast showed multiple splenic hypodense masses and a prostatic enlargement. Presuming a lymphoma, a laparoscopic splenectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination diagnosed littoral cell angioma. During urological follow-up, a prostate adenocarcinoma was diagnosed.

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