Capítulos de libros

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A design procedure for buildings equipped with energy dissipation devices using nonclassical damping and iso-performance curves
(2019) Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Munoz, Juan P.; Besa Vial, Juan José
A structured methodology for improving the owner-contractor relationship in construction projects
(Routledge. Taylor & Francis LTD, 1999) Serpell Bley, Alfredo
Given the complexity of the relationship between owners and contractors in construction projects, research work has been carried out to identify mechanisms to facilitate the understanding between these parts. Based on the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach, an exploratory study on the form of rationalising this relationship has been conducted and its preliminary results are presented in this paper. Within this research effort, a model that puts emphasis in the factors that, depending on the type of contract, can improve the performance of the project has been developed. This model helps to structure a set of information through a matrix scheme that allows the weighting of each relevant characteristic of the commercial relationship between the client and the contractor with the purpose of prioritising between them. The scheme uses a cross-impact approach and provides a sequential methodology that conditions the achievement of the owner's objectives to the actions of the contractor and to his own key contract management elements that influence the contractor's behaviour. It is proposed here that this methodology could constitute a useful decision tool for the owner when developing and executing a construction project.
Acrylamide formation and reduction in fried potatoes
(CRC Press, 2009) Pedreschi Plasencia, Franco
In April 2002, Swedish researchers shocked the food safety world when they presented preliminary ndings of acrylamide in some fried and baked foods, most notably potato chips and French fries, at levels of 30-2300 µm/kg. Reports of the presence of acrylamide in a range of fried and oven-cooked foods have caused worldwide concern because this compound has been classi ed as probably carcinogenic in humans with signi cant toxicological effects namely neurotoxic and mutagenic effects (Rosen and Hellenäs 2002, Tareke et al. 2002).
Chapter 11 - The circulation of the Smart City imaginary in the Chilean context: A case study of a collaborative platform for governing security
(Elsevier, 2020) Tironi M.; Albornoz C.
The proliferation of technologies, devices, and digital platforms and their growing capacity to gather large amounts of data would seem to be delivering on the promise of a more automated, efficient, and Smart City. In this chapter, we examine the Smarty City circuit in Santiago de Chile and the ways in which various stakeholders bring meaning to this concept. We argue that the sociotechnical imaginary of the Smart City in the Chilean circuit has an ambiguous nature and it is interpreted through making and its positioning in various innovation events, urban laboratories, and government entities that articulate a collaborative network between the state, citizens and private enterprises. Furthermore, we analyze the case of the SoSafe platform, a Chilean smartphone application that seeks to reduce emergency response times through geolocalized reports made by citizens, exploring the scope and limits of the emergence of platform urbanism.
Collapse risk assessment of a Chilean dual wall-frame reinforced concrete office building.
(2019) Araya Letelier, Gerardo Andrés; López-García González, Diego; García, Andrés; Parra, Pablo Fernando; Candía, G.; Lagos, René
Diamond-like Carbon coatings for artificial implants
(Wiley, 2025) Rothammer, Benedict; Marian, Max
This chapter delves into the enhancement of implant performance through diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, recognized for their exceptional mechanical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, making them ideal for various biomedical applications. The chapter focuses on orthopedic applications, where DLC coatings improve wear resistance and longevity of implants, and promote osteointegration by enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. In dental implants, DLC coatings boost biocompatibility and reduce infection risk, while also enhancing the durability of orthodontic brackets. This chapter details the requirements for DLC coatings in artificial implants and reviews their use in load bearing and dental implants, respectively. The chapter concludes with a summary of findings and identifies future research challenges, emphasizing the need for translating model-level advancements to component-level applications and addressing the reproducibility issues in dental applications. Overall, DLC coatings show significant potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce revision surgeries, and enhance comfort in both orthopedic and dental medicine.
Economics of Water Resources
(Springer Cham, 2021) Donoso H., Guillermo; CDGA, Centro de Derecho y Gestión de Aguas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Departamento de Economía Agraria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Economic and social changes that have occurred in Chile in recent decades have affected water management in multiple ways. In particular, its adoption of an export-oriented growth strategy since the 1980s, based on developing natural-resource intensive activities in the primary sector has led to significant increases in water demand. Decoupling of economic growth from water demands is, thus, a priority so as to not limit future economic growth and social development. In this chapter an overview of the water sector in the national economy and growth is presented. Then the economic value of water resources is covered, analyzing its apparent productivity, as well as the water-energy-food nexus. Finally, some conclusions are presented.
Effect of Water Content on Physical Properties of Potato Chips
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) Pedreschi Plasencia, Franco; Moyano, Pedro
The objective of this research was to study the effect of violent drying during immer-sion frying on the texture, color, oil content and distribution, and porosity of potatochips. Some potato slices were blanched in hot water at 85°C for 3.5 min and weredeep fried in sunﬂower oil at 120°, 150°, and 180°C. A model based on a variablediffusion coefﬁ cient during the frying process was used to model water loss. Theeffective moisture diffusion coefﬁcient increased with frying time and temperature.Oil uptake was high even for short frying times (high moisture content), suggestingthat oil wetting is an important mechanism of oil uptake during frying. The normalizedmaximum force (MF*) parameter was used in modeling textural changes in the potatoslices during frying in both stages: (a) the initial tissue-softening stage and (b) thelater crust-development process. Higher temperatures accelerated both processes;however, neither the temperature nor the pretreatment had a signiﬁcant effect (P > 0.05)on the ﬁnal texture of the fried potato chips. The potato chip color-difference param-eter (ΔE) tends to increase sharply as the moisture loss increases with frying time.Porosity increased abruptly as result of violent drying during frying of blanched potatoslices at 180 ° C.
Effectiveness of polypropylene fibers on impact and shrinkage cracking behavior of adobe mixes
(2019) Araya Letelier, Gerardo Andrés; Antico, Federico Carlos; Concha Riedel, José; Glade, Andres; Wiener, María J.
Earth has been used as construction material for thousands of years and still at present earthen shelters are widely inhabited due to their comfort and low environmental impacts. Despite their advantages, earthen materials are brittle and their performance can be enhanced with the addition of fibers. This study addresses the use of different dosages of micro-polypropylene fibers in adobe mixes. The results show that adobe mechanical damage performance is sensitive to the dosage of polypropylene fibers increasing impact strength and reducing drying shrinkage cracking.
Evaluation of Multipurpose Reservoir Operating Policies at Basin and Electric Power System Scale
(Springer, Cham, 2025) Durán Flores, Antonia Ignacia Paz; Favereau Monti, Marcel Joseph; Lorca Gálvez, Álvaro Hugo; Vicuña Díaz, Sebastián; Melo Contreras, Óscar; Negrete Pincetic, Matías Alejandro
The impacts of climate change such as hydrological droughts have motivated significant changes in reservoir management strategies. The operation of multipurpose reservoirs is vital for efficiently utilizing stored water resources, serving various needs such as electricity generation and agricultural irrigation. Despite substantial efforts to support decision-making within each economic sector, there is a notable lack of comprehensive integration across these sectors in concurrent analyses. To address this gap, we propose an integrated approach that combines a large-scale hydrothermal scheduling model with a basin-scale water resources model to comprehensively analyze the operations of both the power and agricultural systems. This approach enables the assessment of operational policies for multipurpose reservoirs and their performance at both local and regional scales under diverse hydrological scenarios. An essential modification analyzed here is the prioritization of water allocation to agricultural users. We rigorously evaluate the impacts of this modification across various hydrological conditions, using a prominent Chilean basin as a case study. Applying this methodology to Laja Lake, the largest Chilean multipurpose reservoir with significant hydroelectric capacity and extensive agricultural areas, we analyze the situation in 2025 and find that hydrological variations directly affect both the electrical and agricultural aspects of performance. During drought conditions, there is a noticeable increase in thermal generation, costs, emission intensity, and water deficits. Furthermore, the adjusted policy reveals intricate trade-offs between emissions from the power sector and agricultural water deficits. In drier scenarios, improving agricultural reliability incurs minimal additional operational costs and reduces power sector emissions, supporting the adoption of a policy aligned with net-zero objectives.
Experimental Analysis of Helix Aspersa Shell as Cementitious Material
(Springer, 2024) Campos-Cortes, María José; Brescia-Norambuena, Leonardo; Retamoso, Claudia; Escalona Burgos, Néstor Guillermo
The high environmental impact of the cement industry demands the study of new cementitious materials. Often supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash or silica fume are used; however, the depletion of raw materials encourages the assessment of new sources. Due to the high calcium content of snail shells, this research explored the use of crushed powder of Helix Aspersa to replace cement, evaluating its use at different percentages of replacement in weight (0, 5, and 10%), calcination temperature (0, 450, and 900 °C) and water-cementitious materials ratios (0.35, 0.40, and 0.45). The results included analysing setting time, compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, and shrinkage. Results indicated that snail shells (i) create an expansion during the first days (~15%), reaching similar values at 28 days, (ii) decrease the water absorption at calcination temperatures ≥450 °C, and (iii) slightly reduce the flexural strength (~16% in average) and compressive strength (~10% in average). As the main decrement of the responses is at a low w/cm ratio, it is expected that calcined snail shells offer the opportunity to save cement and pollution from the construction industry.
Experimental and Numerical Assessment of the In-Plane Behaviour of PG-RM Walls with Openings
(Springer, 2025) Vargas Carvajal, Laura Andrea; Sandoval Mandujano, Cristian; Bertolesi, Elisa; Tarque, Nicola; Calderón, Sebastián
This paper investigates how openings affect the in-plane response of partially grouted masonry (PG-RM) walls. The effect of the openings was assessed regarding shear capacity and failure mode through the cyclic test of four façadetype walls constructed with different opening sizes and with and without asymmetry. The results show that the shear capacity decreases with the opening’s height or width increment. It is also observed that geometric asymmetry generates differences between the lateral resistances of both in-plane loading directions. In addition, a two-dimensional finite element macro model using Abaqus was validated against the experimental results. The numerical strategy implemented satisfactorily represented the shear strength and failure mode of the tested walls. Considering the high complexity of representing the PG-RM behaviour, the proposed model is suitable for reproducing the PG-RM walls’ shear resistance and could be subsequently used further to investigate the effect of openings with different configurations.
Facing the impacts of COVID-19 in construction. The case of Chile
(Routledge, 2023) Serpell Bley, Alfredo Federico
The COVID-19 crisis has impacted all activities, both economic and social, in most countries. The construction industry, characterized by its intensive use of labor, has been particularly affected, receiving various negative impacts and having to seek different actions to face them. The aim of this work is to describe how the Chilean construction industry was affected by COVID-19 and how this pandemic has been faced both at the institutional level and at the level of each company to protect the health of workers and maintain the activity working productively. This description has been carried out by means of a literature review of local publications and reports. An analysis of these actions is included. Additionally, and according to available institutional studies, the effects of COVID-19 are reviewed in three important dimensions: the economic impacts of the pandemic, contractual impacts in the construction industry, and actions implemented to face the impacts of COVID-19. The information presented in this work can be used by the construction sectors of other countries as lessons learned as follows: a) to promote the industrialization in construction to reduce the exposition of people at the site; b) to increase the use of technology to supervise workers and help protect them; c) to disseminate good practices for handling the pandemic and apply new business models to maintain the operation; d) to accelerate the digital transformation of the industry to facilitate teleworking for many of its activities; e) to work collaboratively with suppliers; and f) to have contracts with greater clarity regarding the consequences resulting from a pandemic like COVID-19.
Food Hydrocolloid Edible Films and Coatings
(Nova Publishers, 2010) Aguilera Radic, José Miguel; Pedreschi Plasencia, Franco Wilfredo; Acevedo, C.; Enrione, J.; Osorio, F.; Skurtys, O.; Hollingworth, Clarence S.
In this chapter book, we present and discuss some aspects of hydrocolloid edible films and coating. The film-forming materials is presented and the physical properties (e.g. thickness, mechanical, optical and thermodynamic properties, water and gases barrier) of the film and coating are examined in detail. The main techniques used to form edible coatings as spray systems or immersion procedures are discussed as well as the solvent casting and the extrusion processes for the edible films. The main disadvantage of these techniques is the lost of quality of the edible coatings and films since there is no control over the shape, size and size distribution of the dispersed elements (e.g. additives, ingredients, etc.) in the support structure matrix is poor. Thus, microfluidic applications are presented and discussed to solve some of these problems and to improve film qualities.
Influence of Joint Reinforcement on the Shear Behavior of Masonry Panels: Experimental and Numerical Assessment
(Springer Nature, 2025) Calderón, Sebastián; Fredes Siervo, José Ignacio; Sandoval Mandujano, Cristián
In seismic-prone regions, providing shear reinforcement is crucial for controlling the damage to masonry structural elements. In this context, shearresistant behavior has been the focus of several investigations due to its complexity and importance to withstand seismic demands. Different studies have intended to understand more in-depth how shear reinforcement improves the performance of reinforced masonry; despite these efforts, many questions remain open. For instance, it has been observed that shear reinforcement starts interacting with masonry only after cracks are developed. However, the pre-cracking behavior of reinforced and unreinforced masonry walls somewhat differ. Furthermore, it has been proven that the behavior of masonry built with different unit types (i.e., multi-perforated clay bricks, hollow concrete blocks, and solid clay bricks) may exhibit significant variations, implying that masonry built with all unit types must be evaluated. Motivated by this knowledge gap, this study assesses the behavior of masonry panels about 0.8 × 0.8 m made of multi-perforated clay brick, with and without shear reinforcement, and subjected to diagonal compression. Ladder-type steel reinforcement was placed at the mortar bed-joints. The experimental results are complemented with numerical simulations (detailed micro-models) to extend the achieved understanding. The study concluded that the horizontal reinforcement ratio did not significantly influence the behavior of the panels based on the findings that shear strength, shear strain, and shear modulus did not exhibit significant differences. Also, the reinforcement started collaborating with masonry only after the shear strength was achieved when specimens were too damaged to gain higher stresses.
Influence of jute fibers to improve flexural toughness, impact resistance and drying shrinkage cracking in adobe mixes
(2019) Concha Riedel, José; Araya Letelier, Gerardo Andrés; Antico, Federico Carlos; Reidel Hanenstein, Ursula; Glade, Andres
Flexural toughness, impact resistance and shrinkage cracking performance of earthen materials can be improved with the addition of fibers. There are limited studies addressing these properties in fiber-mixed adobe. This study investigates the use of jute fibers, a natural one derived from plants, in adobe mixes, including a sensitivity analysis on dosage and lengths of incorporated fibers. The results show that fiber-reinforced adobe’s flexural toughness and shrinkage are sensitive to the dosage, whereas impact resistance is sensitive to both fiber dosage as well as fiber length.
Innovation in the Chilean Construction Industry: Public Policy Instruments
(Routledge, 2001) Serpell Bley, Alfredo
The Chilean construction industry has expanded considerably during the last decade. However, this expansion has not been accompanied by a similar development in the way construction companies and projects are managed. Fundamental changes are required to improve the levels of productivity and particularly of quality. As part of a research project on Total Quality Management (TQM) in construction, a survey was undertaken with 24 Chilean construction companies to explore current Chilean construction management practices. An additional objective of this survey was to evaluate the adequacy of construction management to introduce quality improvement processes in construction projects. This paper reports the main results obtained from the survey. It has been structured in three sections: general management characteristics of the industry, construction companies’ management practices and site management practices. The work described contributes in that it identifies the main management deficiencies currently present in the Chilean construction industry and provides important information to design appropriate management improvement strategies and actions to correct them.La construction chilienne a augmenté considérablement au cours de la dernière décennie. Cependant, cette expansion n’a pas été accompagnée d’un développement pareil de la gestion des entreprises et projets de construction. Des changements fondamentaux sont nécessaires pour améliorer les niveaux de productivité et particulièrement de qualité. Faisant part d’une recherche sur Maîtrise Complète de la Qualité (TQM, Total Quality Management) en construction, une enquête fût menée auprès de 24 entreprises de construction chiliennes, pour faire le point sur les pratiques actuelles dans l’administration de construction. Un objectif additionnel de cette enquête fût l’évaluation de la capacité de l’administration de construction pour y introduire des démarches d’amélioration de la qualité aux projets. Cet article montre les principaux résultats tirés de l’enquête. Il compte trois sections: Caractéristiques générates de la gestion dans la construction, pratiques de gestion des entreprises, et pratiques de gestion en chantier. Le travail décrit contribue à identifier les principaux dysfonctionnements actuels de la construction au Chili, et donne une importante information pour la mise en place de stratégies d’amélioration de l’administration, et actions pour leur correction.
Interdisciplinary Implementation of the National Rural Development Policy in Local and Regional Strategic Planning Instruments in Chile
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Mollenhauer Gajardo Katherine Alexandra; Moreno D.; Orellana Ossandon Arturo Maximiliano
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.In ChileChile, the developmentInterdisciplinary and planningPlanning of rural territory has historically lagged behind urban planningUrban planning. The National Rural Development Policy (PNDR) has highlighted these gaps as well as introduced a new approach to rurality. However, there is evidence that this policy has had a low level of implementation in strategic planningPlanning instruments at the local level (community development plan, PLADECO) and regional level (regional development strategy, ERD) (Orellana et al., North Great Geography Journal, 31–49, 2020). Understanding this problem, the question arises of how to address the implementation of this national policy in local and regional planningPlanning instruments. In this context, the Office of Agricultural Studies and Policies (ODEPA) asked a group of researchers from the Governance and Territorial PlanningPlanning Core (NuGOT) of the Catholic University, to develop an innovative methodological strategy that would integrate traditional methods of planningPlanning and urban and territorial management with ethnographic methods applied to the designDesign of public servicesServices (Mollenhauer et al., II Interdisciplinary congress of research in architecture, design, city and territory (pp. 205–223), 2017). The presentation discusses how the components, methods, techniques and instruments that make up the toolkits (practical guides) become relevant tools for municipal officials, regional governments and consulting firms involved in the formulation of PLADECO`s and ERD’s to engage in public policy (Molokwane and Lukamba, The 3rd annual international conference on public administration and development alternatives (pp. 192–199), 2018) through the application of the criteria of the PNDR despite it being an indicative policy. It also discusses the interdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary, participatory and co-creative methodological process (Sanders and Simons, A social vision for value co-creation in design, 2009) from the designDesign of servicesServices and its contribution to urban planningUrban planning (Miettinen and Sarantou, Arts-based methods for decolonising participatory research (pp. 123–145), 2021) for the development of both toolkits and as a strategy to reduce uncertainty in the process of innovation in public servicesServices (LIP, 2017).
Introducción : la sociedad de consumo en contexto.
(RiL editores, 2015) Simone Polania, Rosa Liliana de
Irradiation kills microbes: can it do anything harmful to the food?
(Academic Press, 2020) Pedreschi, Franco; Mariotti Celis, María Salomé
Food irradiation is an efficient technology that can be used to ensure food safety by eliminating insects and pathogens to prolong the shelf life, among others. In most of the cases, the process could be applied to fresh or frozen products without affecting the nutritional value and sensory quality of treated foods. The scientific records about food irradiation confirm with a high degree of assurance that foods and food ingredients treated using this method are safe and fit for human consumption. Besides, irradiation can induce certain alterations that can modify both the chemical composition and the nutritional value of foods. These changes depend on the food composition, the irradiation dose, and factors such as temperature and presence or absence of oxygen in the irradiating environment. Currently, food irradiation is approved in more than 60 countries, and there has been a notable growth in production and trade of irradiated foods since 2010.

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