Browsing by Author "Reininger, Taly"

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    Front-Line Social Workers’ Practices Under the Political and Sanitary Crisis in Chile
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022) Reininger, Taly; Muñoz Arce, Gianinna; Villalobos, Cristóbal; Wyman San Martin, Ignacio Andres
    In October 2019, mass civil protests erupted in Chile questioning the country’s vast and historically rooted inequalities and injustices. These protests, which sought structural changes to Chile’s neoliberal ethos, were abruptly brought to a halt by the arrival of COVID-19 in March 2020. The political, social, and economic impacts of the pandemic have only intensified the country’s historic inequalities and injustices, hitting hardest in areas with higher levels of vulnerability. Increased unemployment, food insecurity, violence, and mental health crises are only a few of the many issues social workers face in the current context. Furthermore, social distancing measures and forced quarantines have caused social programs to rapidly alter strategies to meet the needs of service users, requiring front-line professionals to adapt quickly. To examine and analyse these rapid changes in the delivery of social programs as well as their impact on front-line professionals, a mixed-methods study was undertaken that included the application of an online survey and follow-up interviews with front-line social workers. We found that social workers reported greater workloads and employment precarity within the current context, that programs were changed to meet the immediate tangible needs of individuals and families, and that changes were primarily designed in a nonparticipatory and centralised manner. This chapter analyses the study’s results and discusses the challenges social work faces in the current and future context.
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    Los encuentros públicos en la implementación de programas sociales en Chile: discusiones y prospectivas de un campo en formación
    (Universidad de Chile, 2024) Reininger, Taly; Muñoz Arce, Gianinna; Duboy, Mitzi; Irarrazabal, Francisca; Villalobos, Cristóbal; Vásquez, Myriam
    Los encuentros públicos –los encuentros entre implementadores y usuarias/os de los programas del Estado- son clave en la implementación de la política social. Este artículo se propone examinar las características de los encuentros públicos que ocurren en la implementación de programas sociales en un contexto con alta penetración del neoliberalismo como el chileno. En este contexto, se identifican tres dimensiones que dan forma al encuentro público: i) la predisposición al encuentro público marcada por la desconfianza, producto de las experiencias de humillación en interacciones previas con el Estado; ii) un sentido del encuentro público relacionado con el grado de vulnerabilidad que afecta a las/os usuarias/os de los programas sociales; y iii) el rol del afecto como mecanismo que permea los encuentros públicos, tanto en un sentido de disciplinamiento como de producción de subjetividades críticas. De esta forma, se identifican patrones culturales y una arquitectura institucional neoliberal como elementos transversales que moldean los encuentros públicos en los programas sociales en Chile. A partir de ello, se propone una reflexión sobre la necesidad de fortalecer el rol del Estado, para que las condiciones de implementación permitan el desarrollo de vínculos entre implementadores/as y usuarios/as basados en la autonomía y el reconocimiento mutuo.
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    ‘Oponerse sin perder el puesto’: tensiones y resistencias profesionales en la implementación de programas sociales en Chile
    (2022) Muñoz Arce, Gianinna; Duboy Luengo, Mitzi; Villalobos Dintrans, Cristóbal; Reininger, Taly
    En este artículo se analizan las tensiones que enfrentan y las resistencias que ejercen las/os profesionales de primera línea en la implementación de programas sociales en Chile. Se discute conceptualmente la noción de resistencia profesional propuesta en la literatura, y a partir de los hallazgos de la primera fase de un estudio mixto secuencial –informado por 69 entrevistas cualitativas-, se identifican las principales prácticas de resistencia en el contexto chileno, las que operan principalmente en el dominio de la micropolítica. A partir de estos hallazgos, se problematizan los vínculos entre resistencia y precariedad, y desde una perspectiva histórico-contextual, se discuten las configuraciones de las resistencias profesionales en un país con alta penetración del neoliberalismo como Chile.
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    Pandemic and Social Work in Chile: Precarity, Precariousness and the Quest for Resistance in an Uncertain World
    (2022) Reininger, Taly; Munoz-Arce, Gianinna; Villalobos, Cristobal; Torres, Carla Morales; Campillo, Claudia
    In Chile, the Covid-19 pandemic overlapped with a socio-political crisis that arose in response to the neoliberal model imposed during Pinochet's dictatorship. Social workers have been key to addressing the multiple vulnerabilities the population has faced during the political uprising and pandemic. From a critical perspective that analyses precarity, precariousness and resistance as a continuum, this article examines SWs' employment and intervention conditions during the pandemic and the resistances that have emerged in this context. Drawing upon a mixed sequential study that included an online survey (N = 872) and forty-two semi-structured (online) interviews, we identified that precarity and precariousness affecting professional interventions have persisted. However, findings indicate that (i) younger and less educated frontline SWs were most affected by worsening employment conditions; (ii) the shift towards tele-intervention has not only led to transformations in professional roles but also in the emergence of new surveillance mechanisms and (iii) new types of professional resistances emerged that have been identified as individual and spontaneous but nevertheless explicit in nature. We conclude that the pandemic and the on-going political crisis present social work with an opportunity to advocate for dignified working conditions as well as changing the historical subordinate position of the profession.
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    Parental involvement in municipal schools in Chile: Why do parents choose to get involved?
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2017) Reininger, Taly; Santana Lopez, Alejandra
    Utilizing Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler's (1995, 2005) theoretical framework on parental involvement, this study examined a cross-sectional sample of 516 parents of children in the first and fourth grade in municipal schools in Chile. The research sought to examine the association between parental motivational beliefs, parental perceptions of invitations for involvement, and parental perceived life context, and parental at-home and at-school involvement when controlling for child, parent, and household characteristics. Results from this study indicate that child invitations for involvement, parental sense of self-efficacy, income, and child's grade level are significantly associated with parental at home and at school involvement. Time and energy was also significantly associated with parental at school involvement. Understanding the importance of parental involvement as a protective factor in children's mental health, the article concludes with reflections on the findings for school-based mental health interventions. Specifically, the conclusions explore how to integrate family involvement initiatives and increase parental involvement, taking into account parental motivations for involvement in an international setting.
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    Possibilities for new social work professional resistance in Chile: times of social change?
    (2022) Reininger, Taly; Munoz-Arce, Gianinna; Villalobos, Cristobal
    In the current unscrupulous neoliberal climate, social workers are increasingly confronted with ethical and political tensions that clash with the profession's commitments to human rights and social justice. However, despite neoliberalism's global reach, the scholarship on social work professional resistance has been largely limited to the Global North. Taking into consideration this absence in the literature, this article seeks to explore the possibilities for professional resistance in the Global South, specifically, in Chile, a country in which neoliberalism was forcefully imposed and that has experienced an exponential growth in social movements over the past two decades. The following article explores the structural and material conditions that have historically shaped social work resistances, arguing that the current social and political climate, specifically, the constitutional process under way, presents a space from which new resistances are possible and necessary in order to challenge neoliberal hegemony.
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    Trabajo no reconocido, trabajo “sucio”, trabajo precario: condiciones de implementación de programas sociales en la coyuntura del cambio constitucional en Chile
    (2023) Muñoz Arce, Gianinna; Villalobos Dintrans, Cristóbal; Reininger, Taly; Duboy Luengo, Mitzi
    En este artículo analizamos la manera en que los programas sociales del Estado –componentes centrales para la realización de los derechos fundamentales– se han venido implementando bajo el esquema de terciarización posibilitado por la Constitu-ción de 1980, lo que se ha traducido en una precarización de las condiciones de trabajo de quienes los implementan en primera línea. A partir de los resultados de un estudio mixto secuencial exploratorio, sostenemos que sin condiciones de operación dig-nas para las/os trabajadores que implementan estos programas sociales, difícilmente se podrán garantizar dichos derechos. El trabajo “impago” y el trabajo emocional “sucio”, que aparecen como parte de los hallazgos, configuran una suerte de “fatiga neoliberal” que genera resistencias por parte de las/os imple-mentadores, daña de manera importante a las/os usuarios de los programas y limita la capacidad de la sociedad para promover derechos sociales. Analizamos algunos artículos incluidos en el texto constitucional que fue rechazado en el plebiscito del pasa-do 4 de septiembre de 2022; y exploramos posibilidades y limi-taciones de dicha propuesta en lo que refiere a las condiciones de implementación de los programas sociales, con el propósito de aportar más ampliamente al debate sobre derechos funda-mentales en Chile, en tiempos de incertidumbre respecto de un eventual cambio constitucional.