Browsing by Author "Pestle, William"

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    Animales e intercambio: análisis arqueofaunístico de la Aldea San Salvador, período formativo (3000-1000 ap), región de Antofagasta, norte de Chile
    (2024) Calás, Elisa; Labarca Encina, Rafael Osvaldo; Gallardo Ibáñez, Francisco; Pestle, William
    Este trabajo se centra en los conjuntos arqueofaunísticos del sitio Aldea San Salvador, adscrito al Período Formativo Medio (ca. 2300-2200 cal a.p.), ubicado en la terraza sur del río San Salvador, un afluente del río Loa, a aproximadamente 1.300 msnm y a más de 100 km de la costa.La muestra de vertebrados está dominada por peces marinos, principalmente lenguado y jurel, en comparación con los camélidos (fundamentalmente guanaco), roedores y aves. El conjunto conquiológico está compuesto mayormente por taxones marinos, posiblemente utilizados como ornamentos.Más allá de su indudable importancia en la alimentación, destacamos el papel de los animales en las redes de intercambio, ya que estos no solo actuaban como facilitadores de transacciones, sino que también eran objeto de intercambio en sí mismos. De este modo, habrían contribuido al acceso a bienes y conocimientos provenientes de lugares distantes, lo que pudo haber favorecido la diferenciación social entre los habitantes de la aldea.
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    The ways of fish beyond the sea: fish circulation and consumption in the Atacama desert, northern Chile, during the Formative period (500 cal BC-700 cal AD.)
    (2019) Ballester, Benjamin; Calas, Elisa; Labarca, Rafael; Pestle, William; Gallardo, Francisco; Castillo, Claudia; Pimentel, Gonzalo; Oyarzo, Cristobal
    Along the Atacama Desert coast, fish has always been a staple food and by the Formative period (500 cal B.C.-700 cal A.D.) it had become a product in high demand by the inhabitants of the inland valleys, oases and ravines of the desert. In this paper we explore the technologies used in coastal fishing activities, the diverse species caught, and fish processing and preserving techniques. We further examine the circulation routes of the product through the desert and associated strategies, the agents involved in transporting it and consumption levels in inland villages. Our study employs a multivariate analysis that includes evidence from zooarchaeology, stable isotope analysis of deceased individuals, and the composition of human coprolites, all of which were recovered from domestic waste, funerary contexts, and rest stops associated with the circulation routes running between the coast and the inland desert regions. Our results suggest that in this ancient social context, food was not only used to quell hunger, but through its associated economic cycles of production, circulation and consumption, was part of a complex and extended web of social relations. Within that network, food functioned as material culture, and as such enabled social distinctions to emerge within local groups and cultural negotiations to be conducted among different localities. Fish circulation and consumption played an active role in the reproduction of a social structure characterized by dose and firm ties between marine hunter-fisher-gatherers and agropastoral communities, despite their long distance from each other.