Browsing by Author "Muñoz, Yasna"

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    Aceite de canola: recomendaciones de ingesta para la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles
    (2025) Reyes, Beatriz; Valle, Consuelo; Muñoz, Yasna; Mercado, Lorena; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
    Antecedentes: El aceite de canola (AC), destaca por su perfil lipídico, alto en ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI) (~62%) y poliinsaturados (AGPI) (~29%), con bajo contenido de saturados (AGS) (~7%). Además, contiene compuestos bioactivos como fitoesteroles, tocoferoles y polifenoles, cuyo contenido varía según el método de extracción. La evidencia científica sugiere que su consumo podría ejercer efectos beneficiosos sobre parámetros cardiometabólicos e inflamatorios, contribuyendo a la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), lo que posiciona al AC como un alimento nutritivo y saludable, de interés en salud pública. Objetivo: Analizar críticamente la evidencia científica disponible sobre el rol preventivo del AC en ECNT. Resultados: El consumo de AC, en el contexto de una alimentación saludable, puede favorecer la prevención y el manejo de ECNT como la obesidad, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), hipertensión (HTA) y enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Diversos estudios han reportado mejoras en el perfil lipídico, reducción de peso corporal y grasa visceral, mejor control glicémico y disminución de la presión arterial. En el ámbito cardiovascular, su consumo se asocia con una menor mortalidad total y por causas cardiometabólicas, reforzando su rol como una opción saludable para la prevención de ECNT y ECV. Conclusión: El AC, por su contenido en AGMI y compuestos bioactivos, muestra efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud cardiovascular, metabólica e inflamatoria, y un posible papel en la prevención de ciertos tipos de cáncer. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios clínicos controlados en humanos para confirmar su impacto a largo plazo y establecer recomendaciones basadas en evidencia.
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    Dietary and Nutritional Interventions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pediatrics
    (2023) Farías, Camila; Cisternas, Camila; Gana Ansaldo, Juan Cristóbal; Alberti, Gigliola; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia; Videla, Luis A.; Mercado, Lorena; Muñoz, Yasna; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is pediatrics’ most common chronic liver disease. The incidence is high in children and adolescents with obesity, which is associated with an increased risk of disease progression. Currently, there is no effective drug therapy in pediatrics; therefore, lifestyle interventions remain the first line of treatment. This review aims to present an updated compilation of the scientific evidence for treating this pathology, including lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and dietary changes, highlighting specific nutritional strategies. The bibliographic review was carried out in different databases, including studies within the pediatric population where dietary and/or nutritional interventions were used to treat NAFLD. Main interventions include diets low in carbohydrates, free sugars, fructose, and lipids, in addition to healthy eating patterns and possible nutritional interventions with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), amino acids (cysteine, L-carnitine), cysteamine, vitamins, and probiotics (one strain or multi-strain). Lifestyle changes remain the main recommendation for children with NAFLD. Nevertheless, more studies are required to elucidate the effectiveness of specific nutrients and bioactive compounds in this population.
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    Vegetarian Diets and Their Effect on n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Status in Humans: Systematic Review
    (2025) Chamorro, Rodrigo; Tabilo, Claudia; Muñoz, Yasna; Núñez, Hilda; Hernández Rodas, María Catalina; Farías, Camila; Echeverría, Francisca; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
    Vegetarian diets limit the consumption of foods of animal origin to a variable extent, potentially leading to deficiencies in specific nutrients, particularly proteins and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from fish or seafood. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of vegetarian diets on n-6 and n-3 PUFA status in humans, with a focus on critical periods such as pregnancy and growth. Studies were included if they evaluated the relationship between vegetarian diets and PUFA status with clearly defined vegetarian diet types and PUFA measurement methods. Exclusion criteria included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and studies that included occasional meat or fish consumption. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Springer, and ScienceDirect databases, considering articles published up to 2023. A total of 45 studies were involved; the review found that vegetarian diets increased linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6, LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA) intake but resulted in significantly reduced concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA), particularly in vegan diets. DHA intake from microalgae oil was shown to effectively improve serum DHA status, particularly during pregnancy and lactation. The evidence included in this review is limited by variations in study designs, potential biases in dietary reporting, and inconsistencies in PUFA (especially intake) measurement methods. These findings highlight the need for strict dietary planning and supplementation strategies to mitigate deficiencies, particularly during critical developmental periods.