Browsing by Author "Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia"

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    La terapia musical y sus implicaciones en la neurorrehabilitación en pacientes con ictus y con demencia
    (2021) Molina-Ampuero, K.; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Fredes-Roa, C.; Toloza-Ramírez, David
    Introduction: Neurorehabilitation therapy is crucial to improving functionality in patients with stroke or with such neurodegenerative diseases as dementia. In recent years, music therapy (i.e., the use of music for therapeutic purposes) has been described as an alternative tool that significantly improves motor and cognitive functions in patients with stroke or dementia. However, it has not yet been routinely implemented in clinical practice. Therefore, there is a need to review the current evidence on the positive effects of music therapy in rehabilitation and the changes it causes in the brain, particularly in patients with stroke or dementia. Methods: We conducted a literature review in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, and included studies published between 2010 and 2019 on the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Results: A total of 29 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this literature review. The studies selected confirm that music therapy has a positive impact on such cognitive domains as memory, attention, and language in patients with aphasia due to stroke or dementia. This therapy increases neural connectivity and cortical thickness in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, and even in the insular cortex. Conclusion: Music therapy causes structural changes in the brain that have a favourable impact on cognition. In patients with stroke, these improvements occur during both acute and chronic stages. In the case of dementia, in contrast, the effects of music therapy are only observed in patients with mild to moderate dementia.
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    Neuropsychological differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia: A systematic review
    (2024) Julio-Ramos. T.; Mora-Castelleto, V.; Foncea González, Camila Paz; Adames-Valencia, C.; Cigarroa, I.; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Toloza-Ramírez, D.
    Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) reports heterogeneity of neuropsychological symptoms misleading the differential diagnosis with other forms of dementia, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). About 50% of DLB patients are misdiagnosed as AD cases. Likewise, the diagnosis of both diseases is mainly based on clinical characteristics. However, differentiating AD of those with DLB based on neuropsychological symptoms and anatomical and functional brain changes remains challenging. Aim: To establish the main neuropsychological, anatomical, and functional similarities and differences in patients with AD and DLB. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases, published between January 2000 and July 2022. Results: Forty-one articles were included in this systematic review for critical analysis. Our results suggest that the cognitive key domains to consider in the differential diagnosis are memory, executive function, attention, visuospatial/visuoconstructive skills, and verbal fluency (both semantic and phonological). The stage and severity of both diseases would be essential for differential diagnosis. On the other hand, the anatomical and functional changes suggest a similar atrophy pattern between AD and DLB in the frontal, parietal, temporal, hippocampal, and precuneus regions. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis between AD and DLB is challenging in clinical practice. Therefore, our results suggest exploring cognitive linguistic markers along with correlating these markers with anatomical and functional brain changes.© 2024 Sociedad Española de NeurologíaIntroducción: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) reporta heterogeneidad de síntomas neuropsicológicos. Esto conduce a errores diagnósticos con otras formas de demencia, como la demencia por cuerpos de Lewy (DPCL). De hecho, alrededor del 50% de los pacientes con DPCL son confundidos como casos de EA. Si bien el diagnóstico de ambos cuadros se basa principalmente en aspectos clínicos, continúa siendo un desafío su diferenciación en base a los síntomas neuropsicológicos y los patrones de atrofia cortical. Objetivo: Establecer las principales similitudes y diferencias neuropsicológicas y de atrofia cortical en pacientes con EA y DPCL. Metodología: La presente revisión sistemática siguió los lineamientos establecidos en la declaración PRISMA, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. La búsqueda estuvo limitada a estudios observacionales analíticos de pruebas diagnósticas, publicados en idioma inglés entre enero de 2000 y julio de 2022. Resultados: La búsqueda dio como resultado 41 artículos finales. Del total de los artículos identificados se sugiere que los elementos neuropsicológicos clave para el diagnóstico diferencial entre EA y DPCL son la memoria, la función ejecutiva, la atención, las habilidades visuoespaciales/visuoconstructivas y la fluidez verbal (semántica y fonológica), siendo el estadio y el grado de severidad de cada cuadro críticos en el proceso diagnóstico. Los resultados además sugieren un patrón de cambios anatomofuncionales similar entre EA y DPCL en las áreas frontal, parietal, temporal, hipocampal y precuneus. Conclusión: El diagnóstico diferencial entre EA y DPCL es un desafío en la práctica clínica, por lo que esta revisión se propone explorar marcadores cognitivos con énfasis en los indicadores lingüísticos además de los cambios anatómicos y funcionales de las áreas cerebrales.
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    Neuropsychological differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia: A systematic review
    (2024) Julio-Ramos. T.; Mora-Castelleto, V.; Foncea González, Camila Paz; Adames-Valencia, C.; Cigarroa, I.; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Toloza-Ramírez, D.
    Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) reports heterogeneity of neuropsychological symptoms misleading the differential diagnosis with other forms of dementia, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). About 50% of DLB patients are misdiagnosed as AD cases. Likewise, the diagnosis of both diseases is mainly based on clinical characteristics. However, differentiating AD of those with DLB based on neuropsychological symptoms and anatomical and functional brain changes remains challenging. Aim: To establish the main neuropsychological, anatomical, and functional similarities and differences in patients with AD and DLB. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases, published between January 2000 and July 2022. Results: Forty-one articles were included in this systematic review for critical analysis. Our results suggest that the cognitive key domains to consider in the differential diagnosis are memory, executive function, attention, visuospatial/visuoconstructive skills, and verbal fluency (both semantic and phonological). The stage and severity of both diseases would be essential for differential diagnosis. On the other hand, the anatomical and functional changes suggest a similar atrophy pattern between AD and DLB in the frontal, parietal, temporal, hippocampal, and precuneus regions. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis between AD and DLB is challenging in clinical practice. Therefore, our results suggest exploring cognitive linguistic markers along with correlating these markers with anatomical and functional brain changes.© 2024 Sociedad Española de NeurologíaIntroducción: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) reporta heterogeneidad de síntomas neuropsicológicos. Esto conduce a errores diagnósticos con otras formas de demencia, como la demencia por cuerpos de Lewy (DPCL). De hecho, alrededor del 50% de los pacientes con DPCL son confundidos como casos de EA. Si bien el diagnóstico de ambos cuadros se basa principalmente en aspectos clínicos, continúa siendo un desafío su diferenciación en base a los síntomas neuropsicológicos y los patrones de atrofia cortical. Objetivo: Establecer las principales similitudes y diferencias neuropsicológicas y de atrofia cortical en pacientes con EA y DPCL. Metodología: La presente revisión sistemática siguió los lineamientos establecidos en la declaración PRISMA, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. La búsqueda estuvo limitada a estudios observacionales analíticos de pruebas diagnósticas, publicados en idioma inglés entre enero de 2000 y julio de 2022. Resultados: La búsqueda dio como resultado 41 artículos finales. Del total de los artículos identificados se sugiere que los elementos neuropsicológicos clave para el diagnóstico diferencial entre EA y DPCL son la memoria, la función ejecutiva, la atención, las habilidades visuoespaciales/visuoconstructivas y la fluidez verbal (semántica y fonológica), siendo el estadio y el grado de severidad de cada cuadro críticos en el proceso diagnóstico. Los resultados además sugieren un patrón de cambios anatomofuncionales similar entre EA y DPCL en las áreas frontal, parietal, temporal, hipocampal y precuneus. Conclusión: El diagnóstico diferencial entre EA y DPCL es un desafío en la práctica clínica, por lo que esta revisión se propone explorar marcadores cognitivos con énfasis en los indicadores lingüísticos además de los cambios anatómicos y funcionales de las áreas cerebrales.
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    Neuropsychological profiles and neural correlates in typical and atypical variants of Alzheimer disease: A systematic qualitative review
    (2022) Fredes-Roa, C.; Gutiérrez-Barría, F.; Ramírez-Bruna, C.; Cigarroa, Igor; Martella, D.; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction: Neuropsychological symptoms and cortical atrophy patterns show similarities between typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and its variants. Thus, correct diagnosis is difficult, leading to errors in the therapeutic process. Indeed, the challenge in cognitive neuroscience focuses on identifying key features of cognitive-linguistic profiles and improving the knowledge of neural correlates for accurate differential diagnosis between the heterogeneous profiles of typical and atypical AD. Aim: This systematic review aims to describe different AD profiles, considering their neuropsychological symptoms and neural correlates. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, published between 2011 and 2021. Results: Thirty-one articles were included in this systematic review for critical analysis. Results suggest significant declines in episodic and working memory and executive function. Likewise, in all groups, verbal fluency and visuospatial/visuoconstructive skills declined. However, these symptoms overlap between typical AD, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, posterior cortical atrophy, behavioural/dysexecutive or frontal variant AD, and corticobasal syndrome. On the other hand, the neural correlate showed a pattern of atrophy in frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas, even compromising the cuneus and precuneus. Conclusion: Spontaneous language and semantic and phonological verbal fluency could be an important biomarker for differential diagnosis between typical AD and its atypical variants. Likewise, clinical assessment should consider using advanced neuroimaging techniques to establish early associations between brain dysfunction and neuropsychological performance, with particular attention to brain areas such as the cuneus and precuneus.
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    Perfiles cognitivos-lingüísticos en personas mayores con Deterioro Cognitivo Leve, Demencia Vascular, Demencia con Cuerpos de Lewy y Enfermedad de Parkinson
    (2022) Malpu-Wiederhold, Caterine; Farias Ulloa, Camila Belén; Cigarroa, Igor; Martella, Diana; Foncea González, Camila Paz; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction: There is a wide heterogeneity of neuropsychological symptoms reported in pathological ageing. Current research has focused on patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. However, still no detailed knowledge of the cognitive-linguistic profiles in patients whit Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and other forms of dementia. Objective: To characterize cognitive and linguistic profiles in older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, published between 2000 and 2020. Results: 49 articles were included in this literature review for critical analysis. Older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease shows a significant decline in the following cognitive domains: memory, executive function, attention, and visuospatial/visuoconstructive skills. However, linguistic symptoms are also reported, especially the deficit in verbal fluency (semantic and phonological) and syntactic-grammatical and discursive skills. Conclusion: This literature review characterized cognitive-linguistic profiles in older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease. These profiles could be helpful in clinical practice to improve early neuropsychological assessment processes and even determine differential diagnoses between these clinical conditions.
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    Right hemisphere engagement in language abilities in older adults: indication of compensation rather than decline
    (2025) Solomons, Daniel; Rodríguez Fernández, María; Mery Muñoz, Francisco Javier; Arraño Carrasco, Leonardo Marcelo; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias; Sahli Costabal, Francisco; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia
    Introduction: Structural brain changes during aging have been used as specific markers to distinguish normal aging from dementia. Changes in specific cognitive abilities such as episodic memory, processing speed, and executive functions, are observed in healthy aging. Limited evidence reports changes in linguistic functions alongside structural and functional brain changes. This study investigates correlations between language performance, gray matter volume (GMV), and neural activity in language regions, adjusted for demographic factors, in healthy older adults. Methods: Twenty-seven right-handed participants aged 60–87 were evaluated for overall linguistic performance using the Spanish version of ScreeLing (SCL) test and phonemic fluency and semantic verbal fluency tasks (PF and SF). Participants also underwent an MRI session during which they performed a functional MRI language task. T1-weighted MRI scans were used to measure GMV in specific language-related regions and assess language lateralization. Correlational analyses were conducted between language scores, GMV, years of education, age, sex, and fMRI lateralization. Results: In the right hemisphere (RH), significant positive correlations were found between SCL scores and GMV in the orbital inferior frontal gyrus (r = 0.5402; p = 0.0044) and the superior temporal gyrus (r = 0.516; p = 0.007). Furthermore, SCL and Phonemic fluency positively correlated with years of education, indicating that higher education enhances speech performance. No significant correlations were found in the left hemisphere (LH). Age, sex, and fMRI lateralization did not significantly correlate with specific linguistic scores. Discussion: These results challenge the current view of the role of the right hemisphere in language performance as increased GMV in specific right hemisphere language regions is associated with better language performance, highlighting the role of the right hemisphere in supporting language skills during healthy aging.
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    Semantic and phonological processing in adults and healthy older adults: An FMRI study
    (2023) Toloza-Ramirez, David; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Solomons, Daniel; Santibanez, Rodrigo; Arraño Carrasco, Leonardo Marcelo; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia
    Semantic and phonological processing (SP and PP, respectively) are described within the dorsal and ventral stream model. Studies have related both types of processing to specific brain areas; however, neuroimaging findings suggest that no exclusive brain areas exist for SP and PP. Overt and covert task paradigms in fMRI have been proposed to examine language processing. However, cognitive processing differs in both paradigms, generating different patterns of neural activity. Covert paradigms do not change language lateralization and provide essential information for understanding language networks. Bilateral activation in frontal areas for SP and PP has been reported as a response to lower task performance in older adults. However, understanding the activation pattern for SP and PP in healthy adults and older adults is still challenging. Therefore, this study aims to determine phonological and semantic auditory processing using a receptive modality task in healthy adults and older people.
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    The potential use of crossed cerebro-cerebellar activation to evaluate language reorganization: A case study of recurrent malignant glioma
    (2023) Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Toloza-Ramirez, David; Arraño Carrasco Leonardo Marcelo; Mery Muñoz, Francisco Javier; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia
    Background: The crossed cerebro-cerebellar (CCC) language activation guides the determination of language dominance because it is generally undisturbed by a lesion localized in supratentorial language areas. Limited evidence suggests brain plasticity could underly language recovery after tumor resection surgery. A recent study revealed two patterns of language reorganization; however, language lateralization was determined after visual inspection of a single task (phonemic fluency). Aim: To describe eventual changes of language lateralization as part of a reorganization in a tumor brain patient with recurrent malignant glioma.