Browsing by Author "Labarca Encina, Rafael"

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    Fondo para la mejora y la innovación de la docencia
    (2023) Ruz Ruz, Cristián Daniel; Rueda, Eduardo J.; Labarca Encina, Rafael; Hormazabal Reed, Ximena Alejandra; Alvarez Aguilera, Carolina Soledad; Calvo, Cristián ; Ramírez Venegas, Cecilia; Mourgues Álvarez, Claudio Enrique; Diaz Alvarez, Pamela Alejandra; Gómez Zaccarelli, Florencia Sofía; González Oneto, Humberto; Grass, Milena; Avello Saez, Daniela Margot; Huerta, Felipe A.; Badillo Tello, Aurora; Estrada Fuentes, Barbara Lucia Paz; Rojas Guerrero, Mabel Natalia; Rojas Bruna, Carlos Eduardo; Bergamini Ladrón de Guevara, Kay Joaquín; Marques Rosa, Maria De La Luz; Ayala Arancibia, Pamela; Pena Rincon, Pilar Alejandra; Strasser Salinas, Katherine; Hecht Marchant, Romy Stephanie; Farías Cancino, Angélica Margarita; Flores Espinoza, Claudia Carolina; Marchant Araya, María Paola; Rivera Mercado, Solange; Rojas Sobarzo, Loreto Ester; Espinosa Repenning, Alejandra Andrea; Massone Moya, Francisca Beatriz; Centro de Desarrollo Docente UC (Chile)
    El Fondo para la Mejora y la Innovación de la Docencia (FONDEDOC) tiene por objetivo apoyar, facilitar y visibilizar proyectos, investigaciones, propuestas o soluciones de innovación, que den respuesta a una necesidad o problema en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.A continuación, conocerás los 30 proyectos ganadores del año 2023, y el desarrollo de sus propuestas de innovación.
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    Plants and early hunter-gatherers at Taguatagua 3: Microfossil evidence from stone tools at a late Pleistocene lake shore site in central Chile
    (2025) Godoy Aguirre, Carolina Soledad; Labarca Encina, Rafael; Blanco, José F.; Frugone Álvarez, Matías; Alcolea, Marta
    The early occupation of wetlands and lake shores in South America was crucial for the subsistence of human groups during the late Pleistocene. However, the interaction of these early hunter-gatherers and plant resources remains one of the least understood aspects of these occupations. In this context, the Taguatagua 3 site (TT-3) in central Chile (ca. 12,500 cal bp) provides one of the few records to explore plant use in early subsistence strategies. In this study, we analysed the microfossils adhering to the earliest stone tools recovered from the site, revealing a broad diversity of taxa, including grasses, sedges, floating plants, tubers and roots, palms and woody plants from sclerophyllous (tough leaved, mostly evergreen) and Andean forests. Additionally, the presence of ochre pigment (ferric oxide) on several of the tools suggests mineral uses that need further research. These findings support the interpretation of a short-term campsite, where megafauna hunting or scavenging as well as small fauna consumption coexisted with use of plants and the management of local resources, albeit with evidence of exchange or mobility on a large scale, particularly towards the Andean forests. Overall, the evidence shows that individual tools were used for several different purposes, demonstrating the versatility of a limited stone toolkit for processing animal and plant products, and pigments. Thus, TT-3 provides a comprehensive view of the social and ecological dynamics and subsistence strategies of the first settlers of the wetlands of central Chile during the late Pleistocene. Finally, this study shows the need for more integrated analyses of macro- and microbotanical remains from early South American contexts.
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    Written in bones: palaeoclimate histotaphonomic history inferred from a complete Megatherium skeleton preserved in the Atacama Desert
    (2025) Straulino Mainou, Luisa; Correa‐Lau, Jacqueline; Labarca Encina, Rafael; Villavicencio, Natalia A.; Standen, Vivien G.; Monsalve, Susana; Ugalde, Paula C.; Sedov, Sergey; Pi Puig, Teresa; Loredo‐Jasso, Alan Ulises; Caro, Francisco J.; Jarpa, Gabriela M.; Hernández‐Michaud, Patricia; Latorre H., Claudio; Santoro, Calogero M.
    A nearly complete and relatively well-preserved skeleton of the giant ground sloth Megatherium sp. in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert reveals how climate related taphonomic processes drastically transformed these remains over time. The individual, semi-exposed in situ by wind erosion, was found in late Pleistocene palaeowetland sediments that formed during the Central Andean Pluvial Event. Several radiocarbon dates on bone bioapatite and car bonate tufas date the specimen to c. 16500calyrBP. Physi cal, organic, and inorganic traces were identified using histotaphonomic, mineralogical, and microscopic analyses (optical, scanning electron and petrographic microscopy, x-ray diffraction and FTIR-ATR). Surficial bones with rounded, polished surfaces due to wind erosion are well pre served, while buried bones are poorly preserved and structu rally weak due to an early phase of bioerosion, which was followed by desiccation revealed by micro-cracks. Iron and manganese were deposited under anoxic conditions, followed by carbonates such as sparite and micrites, which formed due to a drier context, resulting in the encrustation of these bones by halite and calcium sulfates in hyperarid conditions that continue to this day. These observations imply that the ground sloth lived in a much wetter environment compared to today and its remains were subsequently affected by anae robic wet cycles, an oxidizing sedimentary environment, and later an oxidizing hyperarid climate. In summary, the unra velled histotaphonomy is written in small fractions of bones which emerge as new proxies for understanding the complex palaeoclimatic history of the Atacama Desert.