Browsing by Author "Léniz Martelli, Javiera"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Deaths at home, area-based deprivation and the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic: An analysis of mortality data across four nations
    (2023) Léniz Martelli, Javiera; Davies, Joanna M.; Bone, Anna E.; Hocaoglu, Mevhibe; Verne, Julia; Barclay, Stephen; Murtagh, Fliss E. M.; Fraser, Lorna K.; Higginson, Irene J.; Sleeman, Katherine E.
    Background: The number and proportion of home deaths in the UK increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is not known whether these changes were experienced disproportionately by people from different socioeconomic groups. Aim: To examine the association between home death and socioeconomic position during the Covid-19 pandemic, and how this changed between 2019 and 2020. Design: Retrospective cohort study using population-based individual-level mortality data. Setting/participants: All registered deaths in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The proportion of home deaths between 28th March and 31st December 2020 was compared with the same period in 2019. We used Poisson regression models to evaluate the association between decedent’s area-based level of deprivation and risk of home death, as well as the interaction between deprivation and year of death, for each nation separately. Results: Between the 28th March and 31st December 2020, 409,718 deaths were recorded in England, 46,372 in Scotland, 26,410 in Wales and 13,404 in Northern Ireland. All four nations showed an increase in the adjusted proportion of home deaths between 2019 and 2020, ranging from 21 to 28%. This increase was lowest for people living in the most deprived areas in all nations, with evidence of a deprivation gradient in England. Conclusions: The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated a previously described socioeconomic inequality in place of death in the UK. Further research to understand the reasons for this change and if this inequality has been sustained is needed.
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    Evaluación de la implementación del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional en la vigilancia de fronteras para la prevención, control de epidemias y brotes en Latinoamérica y El Caribe: un análisis descriptivo
    (2024) Gutiérrez Verdugo, Francisco Andrés; Léniz Martelli, Javiera; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Salud Pública
    Este estudio ecológico descriptivo analiza la implementación del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI) en Latinoamérica y el Caribe, utilizando los puntajes del State Party Self Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR). Su objetivo es evaluar la capacidad de los países para responder a emergencias sanitarias, identificando fortalezas y debilidades clave. Los datos del SPAR clasifican las capacidades en tres niveles: insuficientes (rojo: 0-20), moderadas (amarillo: 21-60) y adecuadas (verde: 61-100). Se emplearon técnicas estadísticas descriptivas para comparar los puntajes entre países y detectar áreas críticas de mejora. Los resultados muestran una amplia variabilidad en la implementación del RSI, con algunos países destacando en gestión de emergencias y vigilancia, mientras que otros presentan deficiencias en coordinación multisectorial e igualdad de género en emergencias sanitarias. El estudio enfatiza la necesidad de fortalecer bioseguridad, gestión de emergencias y equidad de género a través de mayor financiación y capacitación. Asimismo, resalta la importancia de continuar con evaluaciones externas y cooperación internacional para mejorar la preparación regional ante crisis sanitarias. Esta investigación proporciona evidencia valiosa para reforzar la seguridad sanitaria en la región y garantizar respuestas más efectivas y equitativas ante futuras emergencias.
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    HPV vaginal self-sampling among women non-adherent to Papanicolaou screening in Chile
    (2013) Léniz Martelli, Javiera; Barriga Cosmelli, María Isabel; Lagos Lucero, Marcela; Ibáñez Cáceres, Carolina; Puschel Illanes, Klaus; Catterina Ferreccio
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    Opioid use in Latin America: Chronicle of a death foretold?
    (2024) León, Paula J.; Altermatt Couratier, Fernando René; Vega, Eduardo A.; Elgueta, María F.; Léniz Martelli, Javiera
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    Past trends and future projections of palliative care needs in Chile: analysis of routinely available death registry and population data
    (2024) Léniz Martelli, Javiera; Domínguez, Angélica; Bone, Anna E.; Etkind, Simon; Pérez Cruz, Pedro; Sleeman, Katherine E.
    The number of people with palliative care needs is projected to increase globally. Chile has recently introduced legislation for universal access to palliative care services for patients with severe and terminal illnesses, including non-cancer conditions. We aimed to estimate the number of people afected by serious health-related suf‑fering and need for palliative care in Chile to 2050. We used data on all deaths registered in Chile between 1997-2019 and population estimates for 1997–2050. We used Poisson regression to model past trends in causes of death adjusted by age, sex and population estimates, to project the number of deaths for each cause from 2021 to 2050. We applied the Lancet Commission on Palliative Care and Pain Relief weights to these projections to identify decedents and non-decedents with palliative care needs. Population palliative care needs in Chile are projected to increase from 117 (95% CI 114 to 120) thousand people in 2021 to 209 (95% CI 198 to 223) thousand people in 2050, a 79% increase (IRR 1.79; 95% CI 1.78–1.80). This increase will be driven by non-cancer conditions, particularly dementia (IRR 2.9, 95% CI 2.85–2.95) and cardiovascular conditions (IRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.83–1.89). By 2050, 50% of those estimated to need palliative care will be non-decedents (not expected to die within a year). Chile will experience a large increase in palliative care needs, particularly for people with dementia and other non-cancer conditions. Improved availability of high-quality services, expanded clinician training and new sustainable models of care are urgently required to ensure universal access to palliative care. We aimed to estimate the number of people affected by serious health-related suffering and need for palliative care in Chile to 2050.