Browsing by Author "Jordan, Miguel"

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    Adventitious root initiation in adult and juvenile cuttings of Guindilia trinervis, an endemic plant of Chile suitable for biodiesel production
    (2010) Jordan, Miguel; Prehn, Doris; Gebauer, Marlene; Neumann, Jorge; Margot Parada, Gloria; Velozo, Juan; San Martin, Ricardo
    Guindilia trinervis is a native Chilean shrub that bears seeds with a high content of oil suitable for biodiesel production. It was tested for its capacity to form roots in cuttings of juvenile and adult plants in ex vitro as well as in vitro conditions. Variables such as type of cutting, exogenous application of IBA(1) and time of collection were studied. For adult plants, the best ex vitro rooting (79 %) was obtained with distal polynodal cuttings collected in late summer and treated with 100 mg L-1 IBA, but rooting was also achieved in the presence of water alone (up to 69 %). Juvenile plants displayed the best rooting (84 %) with single node cuttings and 50 mg L-1 IBA, as well as in the presence of Seradix (72 %). This treatment also showed the highest number of roots per explant. In vitro rooting of shoot tips took place on modified MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 IBA yielding roots up to 82 %, compared to nodal sections that rooted scantily. Rooted material could be acclimated and adapted well to greenhouse and nursery conditions. Controls of adult and juvenile cuttings treated with water exhibited spontaneous rooting in most of the treatments. Cuttings from adult plants harvested in late summer rooted better than those harvested in winter. Spring cuttings collected during flowering and fructification did not root. Results indicate that by means of adventitious root initiation G. trinervis can be effectively propagated by distal cuttings, collected in summer or winter. This may allow large-scale production of plant material with desired traits.
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    Direct and indirect in vitro organogensis of Leucocoryne purpurea (Alliaceae) a chilean ornamental geophyte
    (SEJANI PUBL, 2008) Escobar, Luis H.; Jordan, Miguel; Olate, Eduardo; Barrales, Luis; Gebauer, Marlene
    In vitro shoot induction from callus and direct bulbil formation from shoots were obtained in Leucocoryne purpurea, an endemic vulnerable Chilean species. Basal leaf portions, bulb basal plate and root tips from in vitro gown plants were used as explants. Only bulb basal plate explants displayed morphogenic responses. Callus, shoot and bulbils developed on MS basal medium in the presence of various growth regulator combinations. Callus formation from bulb basal explants ranged between 40 to 100%; the highest response was observed in the presence of 4.5 or 13.6 mu M 2,4-D alone or 4.5 mu M 2,4-D in combination with 0.5 mu M BA after 4 months. Picloram alone or in combination with 2iP or BAP also supported callus initiation. Indirect shoot formation from callus occurred only after a further culture period of 2 months in MS medium containing 0.5 or 2.3 mu M TDZ. Basal bulb plate explants cultured in the presence of TDZ alone (0.5 and 2.3 RM, respectively) exhibited direct shoot formation within 90 days. After subculture in the presence of 0.5 mu M TDZ each single shoot formed new shoots (3 to 4) and new bulbils. However higher TDZ levels, up to 2.3 mu M, produced shoots with roots only, inhibiting bulbil formation, and the 4.5 mu M TDZ concentration caused necrosis.
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    Efficient in vitro multiplication of Aechmea 'Little Harv' and Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch
    (2006) Cueva, Augusta; Espinosa, Carlos; Jordan, Miguel
    In vitro plant regeneration of Aechmea 'Little Harv' and Tillandsia cyanea, (Bromeliaceae), two endangered and important ornamental bromeliads native to Ecuador was achieved from seedling explants. T cyanea seedlings germinated or underwent indirect shoot organogenesis from callus when cultivated in a Murashige and Skoog (1962) nutrient medium in the presence of various levels of NAA (0.5 or 1.0 mg 1(-1)) in combination with BAP (0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg 1(-1)), plus 40 mg 1(-1) adenine. A. 'Little Harv' seed explants formed adventitious shoots without callus initiation. In both plants, the best shoot regeneration (approx. 9-10 shoots/explant) was obtained using 10 mg 1(-1) NAA and 0.1 mg 1(-1) BAP, in combination with adenine, but other growth regulator combinations were also successful. In the case of Aechmea, the addition of IAA instead of NAA was less efficient (2 shoots/explant). In addition to shoot formation 1 mg 1(-1) NAA and 0.1 mg 1(-1) induced callus on approx. 30% of T cyanea and 8% of A. 'Little Harv' explants. Isolated shoots formed roots after subculture in growth regulator-free media.
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    Evaluation of guindilla oil (Guindilia trinervis Gillies ex Hook. et Arn.) for biodiesel production
    (2010) San Martin, Ricardo; de la Cerda, Teofilo; Uribe, Adolfo; Basilio, Paola; Jordan, Miguel; Prehn, Doris; Gebauer, Marlene
    Guindilla plants (Guindilia trinervis Gillies ex Hook. et Arn.) are small shrubs that grow wildly in the mountains of Central Chile in soils and climates not suitable for agriculture. Whole guindilla seeds contain 28-29% w/w oil. Cotyledons represent 45% w/w of the seed and contain 63-64% w/w oil. Main unsaturated fatty acids are oleic (63% w/w), linoleic (8% w/w) and gadoleinic (9.5% w/w), while main saturated fatty acids are palmitic (9.1% w/w) and stearic (3.1% w/w). The content of free fatty acids was 0.06%. Transesterification reactions yielded a biodiesel with ester content > 99%; cetane number 59; oxidative stability at 110 degrees C, 18.9 h; kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C, 4.867 mm(2)/s; cold filter plugging point, CFPP + 4 degrees C; sulfur content 1.0 mg/kg; sulfated ash < 0.01% p/p; acid value 0.024 mg KOH/g and phosphorous content (< 0.5 mg/kg). All values were within European and US specifications. The relatively high CFPP value limits the use of unblended guindilla biodiesel to high temperature weather locations. The high oxidative stability is probably due to the low content (8.8% w/w) of polyunsaturated acids (e. g. C18:2 + C18:3 + C20:2 + C20:3). Guindilla plants grow wildly with estimated yields of 1000 L oil/ha. Plant improvement programs could make these plants a viable alternative for biodiesel production. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Free radical scavengers from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) stapf plants cultivated in bioreactors by the temporary immersion (TIS) principle
    (2007) Tapia, Alejandro; Cheel, Jose; Theoduloz, Cristina; Rodriguez, Jaime; Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo; Gerth, Andre; Wilken, Dirk; Jordan, Miguel; Jimenez-Gonzalez, Elio; Gomez-Kosky, Rafael; Quiala Mendoza, Elisa
    The biomass production of Cynibopogon citratus shoots cultivated in bioreactors according to the temporary immersion (TIS) principle was assessed under different growth conditions. The effect of gassing with CO2-enriched air, reduced immersion frequency, vessel size and culture time on total phenolic and flavonoid content and free radical scavenging effect of the methanolic extracts was measured. From the TIS-culture of C citratus, seven compounds were isolated and identified as caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), neochlorogenic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid 3-O-beta-D-glUcoside (5), glutamic acid (6) and luteolin 6-C-fucopyranoside (7). The occurrence of compounds 1-7 and their variability in C citratus grown under different TIS conditions was determined by HPLC. The free radical scavenging effect of the methanolic extract and compounds was measured by the discoloration of the free radical 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The main metabolites in 6- and 8-week-old cultures, both in 5 and 10 1 vessels, were chlorogenic acid (2) (100-113 mg%) and neochlorogenic acid (3) (80119 mg%), while in the cultures with CO2-enriched air and reduced immersion frequency the main compound detected in the extracts was glutamic acid (6) (400 and 670 mg% for the green and white biomass and 619 and 630 mg% for the green and white biomass, respectively). The most active compounds, as free radical scavengers, in the DPPH discoloration assay were caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), neochlorogenic acid (3) and the flavonoid luteolin 6-C-fucopyranoside (7).
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    Free radical scavenging activity and secondary metabolites from in vitro cultures of Sanicula graveolens
    (2007) Cheel, Jose; Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo; Jordan, Miguel; Theoduloz, Cristina; Rodriguez, Jaime A.; Gerth, Andre; Wilken, Dirk
    An in vitro propagation system was developed to obtain shoot and root cultures from the Andean spice Sanicula graveolens (Apiaceae). Propagation of shoots, roots and plantlets was achieved by the temporary immersion system. The free radical scavenging effect of the methanol/water (7:3 v/v) extracts was determined by the discoloration of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Total phenolic, flavonoid, chlorogenic acid (CA) and quercetin 3-O-glucoside content in the samples was assessed by spectrophotometry and DAD-HPLC analysis, respectively. On a dry weight basis, the crude extracts showed total phenolic values ranging from 3.57 to 6.93%, with highest content for the root culture sample. Total flavonoid content ranged from 1.23 to 2.23% and was lower for the root culture. Chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid were identified by TLC in all samples. Highest free radical scavenging effect was observed for the root culture which also presented the highest CA content. Two of the shoot culture samples, with similar lC(50) values in the DPPH discoloration assay, also presented close quercetin-3-O-glucoside content.