3.18 Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal

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Browsing 3.18 Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal by Subject "09 Industria, innovación e infraestructura"

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    Nitrogen supply affects seed yield and quality in tomato plants
    (2022) Sánchez Molina, Javier; Contreras E., Samuel; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
    Nitrogen fertilization is one of the main practices in agriculture and its effects on yield and quality of most commodity products are widely known. However, the nitrogen response in seed production is still not well understood, even in important species such as tomato. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization on tomato seed yield and quality. Tomato, cv. Moneymaker, plants were grown in pots with a soilless media and fertigated with one of three nutrient solutions differing in its N concentration: 5, 15, and 25 mM. Yield and quality were measured for both fruit and seed. Fruit weight decreased and soluble solids increased significantly with increasing N fertilization. Seed weight also decreased with increasing N fertilization. Most common seed quality attributes such as standard germination and germination index did not vary significantly among treatments. Physiological dormancy was observed in all treatments and was evidenced by faster germination in evaluations made at 8 months than at 5 months after harvest. The 25 mM treatment exhibited reduced dormancy; however, this effect was much less than the after-ripening time. Also, the same treatment showed greater longevity. Although the results indicated that higher nitrogen fertilization had an impact on seed quality attributes such as dormancy and longevity, the effect was only observed in most restrictive tests and did not have an influence on most common seed quality attributes. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization in tomato seed production could aim at higher yields without a significant decrease in seed quality.
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    Sweet Cherry dynamics in the absorption and mobility of Calcium and Boron under different boron soil conditions, applied at different times and organs
    (2024) Arredondo Reyes, Gerardo Alejandro; Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia María; Nario Mouat, María Adriana; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales
    Intensive agriculture is characterized by the extensive use of inputs, causing great pressure on the environment. Fertilizer consumption has exponentially increased worldwide, causing serious environmental problems. Fertilization can also affect the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and plant systems. Calcium (Ca) and Boron (B) are essential nutrients for plants. Ca and B deficiencies reduce the quality and fruit set of sweet cherry trees. Several studies have shown the advantages of foliar and soil Ca and B applications in fruit trees; however, there is little information on the distribution of both elements in the plant, which is an important issue when nutritional corrections are needed. This study aimed to determine the effect of foliar Ca application on fruits using a commercial formula of Ca 30 after full bloom, and B absorption, mobility, and distribution in sweet cherry trees, using 10 B applied to the flowers and soil, at different times and under two levels of soil B availability. Three experiments were conducted using sweet cherry trees. In a commercial orchard of Bing, Sweetheart, and Regina cultivars (cv.) with Ca and the second and third in Regina cv. under open-air conditions in the experimental field. In the last experiment, in the previous two seasons, the plants were managed under two soil B availability conditions (deficient and adequate). The experiments consisted of the application of 10 B solution to the flowers and soil at different times and under both soil B conditions. Ca application showed differences between cultivars in terms of firmness in Sweetheart and Regina, but not in Bing. The Ca concentration in fruit tissues only showed an effect in Regina cv. Higher 10 B absorption was observed when 10 B was applied to the soil at full bloom than when it was applied before leaf senescence. Boron was mobilized to all the tissues, but mainly to the leaves. Nevertheless, the fruit presented no differences in 10 B excess for both application timings. Irrespective of soil B conditions, 10 B applied to the soil at full bloom was absorbed and mobilized to different tissues. In conclusion, Ca exhibited different responses in each cultivar. B was absorbed and mobilized regardless of time and organ application. However, the B applied in full bloom was absorbed in greater quantities than that applied before leaf fall.