FIS Tesis doctorado

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An extensive study of models beyond the standard model
(2020) Maturana Ávila, Ivania; Díaz, Marco A.; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Física
El presente trabajo se centró en el estudio fenomenológico de tres modelos que son extensiones del actual Modelo Estandar: El Inert Higgs Doublet Model, el Scotogenic Model and el Singlet + Triplet Scotogenic Model. La motivación de estudiar estos modelos se basa en que pueden explicar algunas de las preguntas existentes en física hoy en día; todos ellos presentan una particula que será candidato a materia oscura y los últimos dos proponen un mecanismo para dar masa a al menos dos neutrinos. En todos los modelos hemos considerado la generación de la abudancia de materia oscura en un escenario de freeze-out y la partícula candidata a materia oscura será un escalar massivo debilmente interactuante (WIMP definido por su nombre en inglés). El primer trabajo está relacionado con estudiar las principales diferencias entre el Inert Higgs Doiblet Model and el Scotogenic Model. Hemos realizado un estudio profundo de la materia oscura en ambos, investigando puntos que sobrevivan a las cotas mas fuertes en física y en los actuales experimentos y también considerando que estos resultados pueden explicar la densidad de materia oscura en el Universo en su totalidad. Estudiando una señal específica en el Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), investigamos los parámetros que contribuirán a obtener diferentes valores para la sección eficaz en ambos modelos. En el segundo trabajo, hemos reexaminado el Singlet + Triplet Scotogenic Model el cual generaliza la idea introducida en el Scotogenic model simple, haciendo su fenomenología viable y mucho mas rica. Relalizamos un estudio fenomenológico detallado de la materia oscura escalar, actualizando las cotas actuales de los experimentos. Investigamos la detección directa de dark matter y la detección indirecta vía rayos gamma. Además, realizamos un estudio en colisionadores el cual tendrá relevantes implicaciones para las futuras búsquedas a alta luminosidad del Large Hadron Collider (LHC definido por su nombre en inglés).
Aspects of quantum gravity in AdS3/CFT2
(2019) Reyes Raffo, Ignacio Andrés; Erdmenger, Johanna; Koch, Benjamin; Bañados, Máximo; Ströhmer, Raimund; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
The quest for finding a unifying theory for both quantum theory and gravity lies at the heart of much of the research in high energy physics. Although recent years have witnessed spectacular experimental confirmation of our expectations from Quantum Field Theory and General Relativity, the question of unification remains as a major open problem. In this context, the perturbative aspects of quantum black holes represent arguably the best of our knowledge of how to proceed in this pursue. In this thesis we investigate certain aspects of quantum gravity in 2 + 1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS3), and its connection to Conformal field theories in 1 + 1 dimensions (CFT2), via the AdS/CFT correspondence. We study the thermodynamics properties of higher spin black holes. By focusing on the spin-4 case, we show that black holes carrying higher spin charges display a rich phase diagram in the grand canonical ensemble, including phase transitions of the Hawking-Page type, first order inter-black hole transitions, and a second order critical point. We investigate recent proposals on the connection between bulk codimension-1 volumes and computational complexity in the CFT. Using Tensor Networks we provide concrete evidence of why these bulk volumes are related to the number of gates in a quantum circuit, and exhibit their topological properties. We provide a novel formula to compute this complexity directly in terms of entanglement entropies, using techniques from Kinematic space. We then move in a slightly different direction, and study the quantum properties of black holes via de Functional Renormalisation Group prescription coming from Asymptotic safety. We avoid the arbitrary scale setting by restricting to a narrower window in parameter space, where only Newton’s coupling and the cosmological constant are allowed to vary. By one assumption on the properties of Newton’s coupling, we find black hole solutions explicitly. We explore their thermodynamical properties, and discover that very large black holes exhibit very unusual features.The quest for finding a unifying theory for both quantum theory and gravity lies at the heart of much of the research in high energy physics. Although recent years have witnessed spectacular experimental confirmation of our expectations from Quantum Field Theory and General Relativity, the question of unification remains as a major open problem. In this context, the perturbative aspects of quantum black holes represent arguably the best of our knowledge of how to proceed in this pursue. In this thesis we investigate certain aspects of quantum gravity in 2 + 1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS3), and its connection to Conformal field theories in 1 + 1 dimensions (CFT2), via the AdS/CFT correspondence. We study the thermodynamics properties of higher spin black holes. By focusing on the spin-4 case, we show that black holes carrying higher spin charges display a rich phase diagram in the grand canonical ensemble, including phase transitions of the Hawking-Page type, first order inter-black hole transitions, and a second order critical point. We investigate recent proposals on the connection between bulk codimension-1 volumes and computational complexity in the CFT. Using Tensor Networks we provide concrete evidence of why these bulk volumes are related to the number of gates in a quantum circuit, and exhibit their topological properties. We provide a novel formula to compute this complexity directly in terms of entanglement entropies, using techniques from Kinematic space. We then move in a slightly different direction, and study the quantum properties of black holes via de Functional Renormalisation Group prescription coming from Asymptotic safety. We avoid the arbitrary scale setting by restricting to a narrower window in parameter space, where only Newton’s coupling and the cosmological constant are allowed to vary. By one assumption on the properties of Newton’s coupling, we find black hole solutions explicitly. We explore their thermodynamical properties, and discover that very large black holes exhibit very unusual features.The quest for finding a unifying theory for both quantum theory and gravity lies at the heart of much of the research in high energy physics. Although recent years have witnessed spectacular experimental confirmation of our expectations from Quantum Field Theory and General Relativity, the question of unification remains as a major open problem. In this context, the perturbative aspects of quantum black holes represent arguably the best of our knowledge of how to proceed in this pursue. In this thesis we investigate certain aspects of quantum gravity in 2 + 1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS3), and its connection to Conformal field theories in 1 + 1 dimensions (CFT2), via the AdS/CFT correspondence. We study the thermodynamics properties of higher spin black holes. By focusing on the spin-4 case, we show that black holes carrying higher spin charges display a rich phase diagram in the grand canonical ensemble, including phase transitions of the Hawking-Page type, first order inter-black hole transitions, and a second order critical point. We investigate recent proposals on the connection between bulk codimension-1 volumes and computational complexity in the CFT. Using Tensor Networks we provide concrete evidence of why these bulk volumes are related to the number of gates in a quantum circuit, and exhibit their topological properties. We provide a novel formula to compute this complexity directly in terms of entanglement entropies, using techniques from Kinematic space. We then move in a slightly different direction, and study the quantum properties of black holes via de Functional Renormalisation Group prescription coming from Asymptotic safety. We avoid the arbitrary scale setting by restricting to a narrower window in parameter space, where only Newton’s coupling and the cosmological constant are allowed to vary. By one assumption on the properties of Newton’s coupling, we find black hole solutions explicitly. We explore their thermodynamical properties, and discover that very large black holes exhibit very unusual features.
Black holes in scale-dependent frameworks.
(2019) Rincón, Ángel; Koch, Benjamin; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
In the present thesis, we investigate the scale–dependence of some well known black hole solutions in 2+1 dimensions at the level of the effective action in the presence of a cosmological constant or an electrical source. We promote the classical parameters of the theory, {G0,(· · ·)0}, to scale–dependent couplings, {Gk,(· · ·)k} and then we solve the corresponding effective Einstein field equations. To close the system of equations we impose the null energy condition. This last condition (valid in arbitrary dimension) provides a differential equation which, after solving it, allows to obtain in a simple way the specific form of the gravitational coupling. Furthermore, perfect-fluid like parameters are induced via the scale-dependent gravitational coupling. Finally, to exemplify the effect of the running of the couplings on the properties of the scale-dependent black hole solutions, we show a few concrete examples.In the present thesis, we investigate the scale–dependence of some well known black hole solutions in 2+1 dimensions at the level of the effective action in the presence of a cosmological constant or an electrical source. We promote the classical parameters of the theory, {G0,(· · ·)0}, to scale–dependent couplings, {Gk,(· · ·)k} and then we solve the corresponding effective Einstein field equations. To close the system of equations we impose the null energy condition. This last condition (valid in arbitrary dimension) provides a differential equation which, after solving it, allows to obtain in a simple way the specific form of the gravitational coupling. Furthermore, perfect-fluid like parameters are induced via the scale-dependent gravitational coupling. Finally, to exemplify the effect of the running of the couplings on the properties of the scale-dependent black hole solutions, we show a few concrete examples.In the present thesis, we investigate the scale–dependence of some well known black hole solutions in 2+1 dimensions at the level of the effective action in the presence of a cosmological constant or an electrical source. We promote the classical parameters of the theory, {G0,(· · ·)0}, to scale–dependent couplings, {Gk,(· · ·)k} and then we solve the corresponding effective Einstein field equations. To close the system of equations we impose the null energy condition. This last condition (valid in arbitrary dimension) provides a differential equation which, after solving it, allows to obtain in a simple way the specific form of the gravitational coupling. Furthermore, perfect-fluid like parameters are induced via the scale-dependent gravitational coupling. Finally, to exemplify the effect of the running of the couplings on the properties of the scale-dependent black hole solutions, we show a few concrete examples.In the present thesis, we investigate the scale–dependence of some well known black hole solutions in 2+1 dimensions at the level of the effective action in the presence of a cosmological constant or an electrical source. We promote the classical parameters of the theory, {G0,(· · ·)0}, to scale–dependent couplings, {Gk,(· · ·)k} and then we solve the corresponding effective Einstein field equations. To close the system of equations we impose the null energy condition. This last condition (valid in arbitrary dimension) provides a differential equation which, after solving it, allows to obtain in a simple way the specific form of the gravitational coupling. Furthermore, perfect-fluid like parameters are induced via the scale-dependent gravitational coupling. Finally, to exemplify the effect of the running of the couplings on the properties of the scale-dependent black hole solutions, we show a few concrete examples.
Outflows from tungsten conical wire arrays. Characterization and applications
(2024) Muñoz-Cordovez, Gonzalo; Veloso Espinosa, Felipe Eduardo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
A tungsten conical wire array is used as load in the Llampudken pulsed power generator(∼400 kA in ∼350 ns) to study the outflows produced by it. At pressures of 10 −4 Torrthe dynamics of the wire array is probe by UV/XUV imaging and laser schlieren andinterferometry. These diagnostics show the expulsion of a dense plasma jet (n e = 3 × 10 24m −3 ) of a couple of centimeters in the axial direction above the anode. This plasma jet havevelocities between 10 4 − 10 5 m/s and its dimensionless parameters are computed in orderto compare the experimentally produced plasma jet with the astronomically producedones. At pressures that varies from 10 −5 Torr to 10 −2 Torr the upwards axial emission ofcharged particles is study using negatively biased Faraday cups. At 10 −5 Torr only ionsare detected by the cups but from 10 −4 Torr to 10 −2 Torr the detection of both electronsand ions moving together in the same direction is observed due to the ionization of thebackground gas. Velocity computed for the electrons and ions is in the order of 10 6 m/simplying MeV ions. Finally, the interaction of these outflows with stationary targets isstudy by placing silicon targets at different heights above the conical wire array. Resultsshow that visible damage over the target was observed from 10 cm to 21 cm above thearray where two main damages are appreciated. For targets located closer to the arraymainly micro-pores are observed but for targets located farther from the array stripes-likeformations are appreciated. These damages indicate that the silicon target boiled and wasfastly heated by the conical wire array outflows. Detail measurements of these outflowsand the damages produced on the silicon targets are shown an discussed in this thesis.
Parametrización y aplicación de un potencial de muchos cuerpos y transferencia de carga para Fe y FeF2
(2017) Tangarife Franco, Edwin; Mejía López, José Félix; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Las simulaciones computacionales a nivel atómico juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo, diseño y optimización de materiales, así como en la comprensión de sus propiedades estructurales, físicas y químicas. Los mejores enfoques que actualmente existen para describir las interacciones atómicas se basan en las descripciones mecánico-cuánticas, pero son computacionalmente muy costosas y su aplicación generalmente se limita a situaciones en las que el número de átomos es pequeño. Para estudiar sistemas de mayor tamaño se utilizan descripciones empíricas como el potencial COMB (carga optimizada de muchos cuerpos) que describe la interacción de átomos cargados, tomando en cuenta la posible transferencia de carga. Esto es importante principalmente en el estudio de sistemas iónicos, como los óxidos y los halogenuros, cuando se quiere investigar sus notables propiedades como catalizadores, disolventes, refrigerantes, etc. En el caso particular del Fluoruro de Hierro (FeF2), un sistema iónico antiferromagnético, ha sido usado también para la investigación básica del fenómeno de exchange bias en acoplamiento con un ferromagneto como el hierro (Fe). Este fenómeno depende fuertemente de la estructura geométrica y magnética de la interfaz generada en el acoplamiento del FeF2 y el Fe, cuya información no es fácil de obtener desde medidas experimentales. A nivel atómico este acoplamiento puede modificar la distribución de carga de las superficies de cada uno de los materiales en contacto, así como también podría tener migración de átomos de la superficie Fe a la superficie de FeF2, generando una magnetización no compensada que es necesaria para obtener el efecto de anisotropía unidireccional responsable del fenómeno de exchange bias. Por lo tanto, para simular estos sistemas a través de Monte Carlo o simulaciones de dinámica molecular, es importante considerar la transferencia de carga en el potencial de interacción utilizado para describir el sistema. En este trabajo se propone una parametrización para el potencial COMB, aplicados a sistemas compuestos por Fluoruro de Hierro y Hierro metálico (FeF2/Fe). El potencial empírico toma en cuenta los efectos de la transferencia de carga y las interacciones de muchos cuerpos dependientes del ambiente químico local que experimentan los átomos. El potencial es parametrizado pormedio de propiedades experimentales reportadas y/o calculadas desde primeros principios de las fases estables para Fe y FeF2 como: energía de disociación para moléculas de Fluor neutra F2 e ionizada F2−1, parámetros de red para el estado fundamental Fe y FeF2 y constantes elásticas. Esta parametrización es probada con simulaciones de dinámica molecular sobre estructuras macroscópicas cristalinas, superficies, nanopartículas y agregados atómicos. Principalmente se realiza un detallado estudio de la interfaz de FeF2/Fe, mostrando que existe difusión atómica desde el material antiferromagnético (FeF2) hacia el material ferromagnético (Fe). El tamaño de la interfaz obtenida es de 1.4 nm y se observa una fase amorfa que es activada por el proceso de disminución de la temperatura desde 1500K hasta 10K.
The role of interacting stellar winds feeding Sagittarius A*.
(2019) Calderón Espinoza, Diego Nicolás; Cuadra, Jorge; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Astrofísica
The central parsec of the Milky Way is among the most enigmatic regions in the entire Galaxy. The existence of the central super-massive black hole, Sgr A*, and its proximity allow us to use it as a laboratory for understanding the astrophysics of galactic nuclei, in general. Although it is well known that this is a very hostile environment due to the presence of tens ofWolf-Rayet (WR) stars with strong outflows, the recent detection of cold gas (-104 K) has challenged our understanding of the gas dynamics and thermodynamics of the region. The so-called G2 source, the dusty sources in the IRS 13E cluster, as well as the disc-like structure in the immediate vicinity of Sgr A* are examples of such cold material. In this thesis, we present a detailed study of the formation of cold gas as a potential result of the collision of the many stellar winds, which are constantly taking place. The main aims of this study are: i) testing the hypothesis of G2 being a gaseous clump formed in a massive binary system, ii) constraining the initial properties and final fate of clumps formed in unstable wind interactions, iii) establishing whether it is possible or not for the system of WR stars orbiting Sgr A* to reach and remain in a steady state between the supplying and inflowing/outflowing material. We find that the properties and dynamics of the clumps produced in the known massive binaries are not consistent with G2’s, ruling out this hypothesis. Additionally, we perform adaptive-mesh refinement hydrodynamical simulations of idealised stellar wind collisions in order to characterise the clump formation process. The results show that clumps formed through thin-shell instabilities are not massive enough to impact significantly the state of the material enclosed within the inner parsec. Finally, the simulation of the complete system of WR stars orbiting Sgr A* shows that the natural outcome of its long-term evolution is the accumulation of material at its centre. Thus, we speculate that the WR stars and their outflows could explain all the phenomenology related to the activity of Sgr A* inferred from observations without the need of invoking external agents.

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