3.18 Tesis doctorado

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Browsing 3.18 Tesis doctorado by Subject "09 Industry, innovation and infrastructure"

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    Polyploidy induction in blueberries for the development of a new cultivar
    (2024) Jarpa-Tauler, Gabriela; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales
    La creciente competencia en el mercado internacional de arándanos que enfrenta Chile, junto con el cambio climático, exige la adopción de cultivares mejor adaptados que produzcan frutos de mayor calidad, firmeza y durabilidad en postcosecha. Esta tesis se centra en el mejoramiento genético de especies frutales mediante la poliploidización, con el objetivo de desarrollar nuevos cultivares de arándano highbush con ploidía aumentada. Los resultados indican que la aplicación de 1 mg/L de zeatina favorece la regeneración de brotes a partir de explantes de hojas y microtallos de los cultivares 'Biloxi', 'Legacy' y 'Duke' in vitro. Además, la combinación de 0,1% de colchicina y 1 mg/L de zeatina en medio sólido in vitro induce poliploidía en dichos explantes, logrando la producción exitosa de 10 octoploides y 8 mixoploides. La citometría de flujo se confirma como el método más confiable para identificar la poliploidía, resaltando las limitaciones de las características anatómicas para la detección preliminar. Los hallazgos respaldan la inducción de poliploidización como una técnica viable para generar variabilidad en arándanos. Sin embargo, es esencial evaluar estos mutantes en el futuro para asegurar los beneficios económicos potenciales derivados del incremento de ploidía.
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    Sweet Cherry dynamics in the absorption and mobility of Calcium and Boron under different boron soil conditions, applied at different times and organs
    (2024) Arredondo Reyes, Gerardo Alejandro; Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia María; Nario Mouat, María Adriana; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales
    Intensive agriculture is characterized by the extensive use of inputs, causing great pressure on the environment. Fertilizer consumption has exponentially increased worldwide, causing serious environmental problems. Fertilization can also affect the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and plant systems. Calcium (Ca) and Boron (B) are essential nutrients for plants. Ca and B deficiencies reduce the quality and fruit set of sweet cherry trees. Several studies have shown the advantages of foliar and soil Ca and B applications in fruit trees; however, there is little information on the distribution of both elements in the plant, which is an important issue when nutritional corrections are needed. This study aimed to determine the effect of foliar Ca application on fruits using a commercial formula of Ca 30 after full bloom, and B absorption, mobility, and distribution in sweet cherry trees, using 10 B applied to the flowers and soil, at different times and under two levels of soil B availability. Three experiments were conducted using sweet cherry trees. In a commercial orchard of Bing, Sweetheart, and Regina cultivars (cv.) with Ca and the second and third in Regina cv. under open-air conditions in the experimental field. In the last experiment, in the previous two seasons, the plants were managed under two soil B availability conditions (deficient and adequate). The experiments consisted of the application of 10 B solution to the flowers and soil at different times and under both soil B conditions. Ca application showed differences between cultivars in terms of firmness in Sweetheart and Regina, but not in Bing. The Ca concentration in fruit tissues only showed an effect in Regina cv. Higher 10 B absorption was observed when 10 B was applied to the soil at full bloom than when it was applied before leaf senescence. Boron was mobilized to all the tissues, but mainly to the leaves. Nevertheless, the fruit presented no differences in 10 B excess for both application timings. Irrespective of soil B conditions, 10 B applied to the soil at full bloom was absorbed and mobilized to different tissues. In conclusion, Ca exhibited different responses in each cultivar. B was absorbed and mobilized regardless of time and organ application. However, the B applied in full bloom was absorbed in greater quantities than that applied before leaf fall.