Publicaciones académicas

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Esta colección incluye artículos de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.

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A Deep Learning Algorithm to Detect Proximal Humerus Fractures on Radiographs
(2025) Sperling, John William; Yang, Linjun; Girod, Miguel M. ; Saniei, Sami; Kaji, Elizabeth S. ; Grove, Austin F. ; Khela, Monty; De Marinis Acle, Rodrigo Ignacio; Sanchez Sotelo, Joaquin
Background Proximal humerus fractures are one of the most common fractures in the elderly. Management of these injuries varies depending on the fracture pattern. It has become recognized that agreement is poor when these fractures are classified according to most traditional schemes. Deep learning (DL) offers the promise to improve recognition of specific fracture patterns. A first, necessary step in the development of DL pipelines to automatically classify fractures into specific patterns is to automatically detect that the proximal humerus is actually fractured, so that a fracture pattern DL classifier is not applied to non-fracture x-rays (normal, arthritic, and other). The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and trustworthy DL approach to detect proximal humerus fractures on radiographs.MethodsAfter obtaining a patient cohort and reviewing and labeling their associated shoulder images, radiographs of fractured (n=996) and non-fractured (n=607) proximal humerus were used for this study. For model training, a random search was performed to fine-tune and determine the training hyper-parameters. All radiographs were split into six sets. The first five sets were used for model development using five-fold cross-validation, and the sixth set was used for internal model testing. The best-performing model was determined using the F1 score on the sixth set and was further validated using an external test set of 116 separate additional radiographs obtained after proximal humerus fractures. Saliency maps were generated for visual understanding of the DL model.ResultsThe best-performing model from the five-fold cross-validation achieved an accuracy of 0.972 and an F1 score of 0.969 on the hold-out test set. When further validated using the external test set of 116 radiographs of fractured proximal humeri, the model achieved an accuracy/sensitivity of 0.966, misclassifying only 4 of the 116 fractures. The saliency maps showed that the model focused on the perimeter of the humeral head, including the greater tuberosity and the surgical neck, when detecting the fracture.ConclusionThe DL algorithm developed in this study displayed robust and trustworthy performance when detecting the presence of a proximal humerus fracture on radiographs. This algorithm could be implemented in busy emergency department practices so that proximal humerus radiographs with a high probability of fracture can be flagged for dedicated review. Additionally, this algorithm provides the first step to further develop other AI tools to better understand and manage proximal humerus fractures.
A Review of Metadata and Deep Learning Strategies for Skin Lesion Classification
(2025) Pedro Perez, Alma Alheli; Romero Jofre, Pamela Ignacia; Soledad Vidaurre; Navarrete Dechent, Cristian Patricio; Mery Quiroz, Domingo Arturo
American Territories
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Fell Contreras Stephanie
© 2025 World Scientific Publishing Company.In this paper, we revisit a variational principle introduced by Padmanabhan for describing gravitation using a field action composed solely of a boundary term. We demonstrate that this procedure can also be applied to derive Maxwell's and Yang-Mills equations.
Analyzing the relationship between the level of BIM maturity and the value generated in construction projects in Colombia
(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2025) Gimenez De Benavides Zulay Mercedes; Hernandez, Hector; Londono, Juan P. Leyva; Bedoya, Paula A. Castro; Garcia-Lopez, Nelly P.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is widely advocated for its potential benefits in construction projects. However, a gap remains in understanding how higher levels of BIM maturity could significantly influence the value generated in both project processes and outcomes. Previous studies and industry practices have neither aligned these concepts nor explored value attributes in a more comprehensive manner, considering value in a broader sense beyond costs and schedules, which has resulted in constrained outcomes. This study addresses this gap by employing the Arup BIM Maturity Model, which evaluates projects and their disciplines across six levels, alongside the Value Analysis Model, designed to measure value using numerical indicators. The main objective is to explore the potential relationship between BIM maturity and value generation in construction projects. A qualitative approach was adopted, including semi-structured face-to-face or online interviews with 30 professionals involved in projects with varying levels of BIM implementation in Colombia, focusing on factors such as experience, adoption levels, projects disciplines and perceived value impacts. The findings reveal significant correlations between BIM maturity categories and value generation outcomes, particularly in project, architecture, and mechanical disciplines, while lower correlations were observed in the electrical, plumbing, and structural categories. The BIM Champion role emerged as a critical driver of value, supported by Employer Information Requirements, BIM Design Data Review, and the BIM Execution Plan. High BIM maturity scores were noted in 3D Coordination and LOD practices, with lower scores in 4D, 5D, and links to engineering tools. Positive relationships were identified between BIM maturity and value attributes such as information flow, cost, and time. These results highlight opportunities to enhance BIM adoption in Colombia, offering empirical evidence of the relationship between BIM maturity levels and value generation. This research fills a gap in the literature on the practical application of BIM Maturity Models, providing actionable insights for AEC practitioners to optimize BIM adoption and maximize its benefits. By strategically leveraging BIM, this study contributes to improved project outcomes and establishes a foundation for future research in this domain.
Beyond Technologies of Observation. Accepting Uncertainty in Disaster Risk Management
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Gil Ureta Magdalena Sofia
This short essay examines the current role of technologies of observation in disaster risk management, highlighting the limitations of relying solely on these systems to address extreme natural hazards. While advances in observation and prediction tools, such as seismographs, weather satellites, and early warning systems, have improved societies' capacity to anticipate and mitigate disasters, these technologies are not without challenges. Complex socio-technical systems remain prone to failures, and are difficult to interpret. Overall, uncertainty often prevails during emergencies. Using examples from Chile and Spain, this paper argues that the focus of disaster management should shift from the enhancement of technological precision to empowering decision-makers and communities to act effectively under conditions of uncertainty. I propose focusing on improving situational assessments, by emphasizing the importance of interpretation, translation, and even improvisation.
Body and Experience in Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Luc Nancy: Towards an Existential Philosophy of ExcessCuerpo y experiencia en Merleau-Ponty y Jean-Luc Nancy: hacia una filosofía existencial del exceso
(Springer Nature, 2025) Morales Guzman Paulina Alejandra
© 2025 Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.This paper seeks to show a thought of excess as a common and central element in the philosophies of Merleau-Ponty and Nancy, aiming to present an ontological affinity between them. This will be done on the basis of the proposals that both authors develop around the body and experience, particularly in their problematization of subjectivity and being, with a view to thinking them in an existential and relational dimension.
Capital hits bottom: deep-sea mining representations as a resource frontierEl capital toca fondo: representaciones de la minería en aguas profundas como frontera de recursos
(Springer Nature, 2025) Rodriguez Leiva Sebastian Igor
© 2025, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California. All rights reserved.This article aims to analyze the central discourses present in narratives about deep-sea mining, to understand what representations are being constituted of the ocean floor and its minerals. With a methodology based on qualitative content analysis applied to grey literature, including media and social networks published in the period from June 2021 to June 2024, the results show that the themes of blue economy, governance and biodiversity are connected to resource frontier dynamics such as the need to exploit other sources, govern resources and present the ocean floor as a zone of opportunity. Although it is recognized that some issues may be missing, the sample illustrates the characteristics of the most dominant and recurrent positions on deep-sea mining. These findings allow to nurture the conceptual discussion and open questions about the creation of new extraction spaces at a global level.
Características de un liderazgo universitario
(Springer Nature, 2025) Sanchez Diaz, Ignacio
© 2025 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. All rights reserved.This article explores the intersection of decoloniality and the metaphor of the Cannibal-Caliban as a means to reimagine cultural terrors in the poetry collection “Lobo” (2018) by Chilean poet Thomas Harris. Drawing on the works of intellectuals engaged with the decolonial network, it examines the dismantling of coloniality and the proposition of an alternative epistemic framework based on interculturality. The untamed territory, symbolizing the historical struggle against Western European hegemony, is framed within the concept of civilbarbarism, reflecting the disputes of subjectivities in Latin American society. Through the Cannibal/ Caliban metaphor, this article offers a glimpse of new cultural subjectivities through a poetics that challenges and complicates Western discourses.
Cartografía de lo sagrado en Fervor de Buenos Aires, de Jorge Luis Borges
(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2025) Onell Henriquez Roberto Andres
© 2025, Central University Marta Abreu de las Villas. All rights reserved.Introduction: The general objective is to describe the semantic-discursive conditions that enable alternations between prepositional phrases headed by con and morphosyntactic constructions such as adverbialized adjectives in-mente, past participles, and gerunds. Methods: This research follows a dual approach: descriptive-empirical and theoretical-analytical. It is framed within the qualitative paradigm, with an emphasis on the analytical description and interpretation of data. Results: The alternations are explained by the requirement of nominal selection, favoring the +abstract feature of the lexical root of nouns accompanying SP-con, the pattern related to the nominal semantics of prepositional terms, and the modalizing function shared by prepositional phrases and their morphological correlates. Conclusions: Prepositional phrases headed by con can alternate with morphological correlates, such as-mente adverbs, participles, and gerunds, while maintaining implicit semantic congruence. This alternation contributes to a meaning that falls within the scope of modality.
Chile at risk: the silent spread of Aedes aegypti and the need for proactive research investment
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Rojas Alvarez Carolina Andrea
The built environment directly impacts human health and well-being, yet most green certification systems prioritize energy efficiency over occupant health. The WELL Building Standard (WELL), launched in 2014, addresses this gap by focusing on the health and comfort of building users. Despite its growing importance, limited academic research systematically examines its global implementation. This study will fill this research gap by analyzing 1559 WELL-certified projects worldwide using the WELL database. The results reveal that 50% of certifications are concentrated in China and the United States, while regions such as Africa and Latin America show minimal adoption. Most projects are office buildings (83%), with fewer in education, healthcare and residential sectors. Additionally, most certified projects have achieved Gold or Platinum levels, and there has been a notable increase in certifications since the COVID-19 pandemic. By identifying geographic and typological disparities, this research provides a global overview of WELL adoption and offers insights for practitioners and policymakers seeking to promote health-focused building practices.
Chilean and Mapuche poetry: Networks, ghettos and rages in the first decade of the 21st centuryPOESÍA CHILENA Y MAPUCHE: REDES, GUETOS Y RABIAS EN LA PRIMERA DÉCADA DEL SIGLO XXI
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Miranda Herrera Paula Andrea
This paper examines the nominal realisations of activities in Mandarin Chinese history texts from a Systemic Functional Linguistic perspective, focusing specifically on texts that recount historical activities. Drawing on a distinction between experiential metaphors (i.e. metaphorical realisations of figures) and activity entities, the study investigates how these two resources function within text-wide language patterns. The analysis is conducted from a metafunctional perspective, exploring how the two resources interact with textual, interpersonal, and ideational meanings in the text. The findings reveal that both resources exhibit important characteristics across metafunctions. Textually, they present and presume meanings similarly in higher-level Themes, but differently in troughs and higher-level News. Interpersonally, they interact differently with evaluative resources. Ideationally, they function similarly in their relation to figures and sequences of figures within the unfolding text. These findings contrast with their distinctive metafunctional orientations (textual vs. ideational) previously recognised from a grammatical perspective. (c) 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Climatic Profile and Drought Characteristics in Chile
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Meza Dabancens Francisco Javier
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.From a climatic perspective,Chile Chile is a country of extremes. From the driest desert on Earth to Patagonia, communities and ecosystems have adapted to different climates and to enduring periods of persisting drought. With mounting evidence of global change processes, it is still unclear how these regimes will evolve in the future, and what are the challenges that water managers will need to manage droughts. This chapter describes the major climatic regimes in the country, highlighting the variability and uncertainties pertaining to the occurrence of droughts. Climate change projections will be discussed and its impact on droughts.
Collaborative health resources management model
(IEOM Society, 2021) Gutierrez, Janus, Amaru Leonhardt; Tabilo, Macarena Paz Navarro; Klapp Belmar Mathias Alberto
© IEOM Society Inweternational.In Chile, rural population faces long access times to specialized health services, as these tend to be concentrated in regional capitals. Against this background, the present study proposes the establishment of a Collaborative Health Resources Management Model, based on the practice of sharing hospital resources between medical centers, allowing daily transfers of doctors and medical equipment within a hospital network. The objective is to meet local demand and increase rural accessibility to healthcare, in terms of reducing patient transfers between hospitals and access times. To compare the current and proposed scenarios, an Integer Optimization Model with a Network Structure is formulated. The case study is focused on urology specialty in Zona del Reloncaví, a rural area located in southern Chile, on which it is concluded that allowing the mobility of hospital resources, specifically doctors and equipment, is optimal, as the average number of patient transfers and the average access time are reduced by 95.6% and 83%, respectively. By applying this model, hospitals are able to stretch their limited capital budgets by jointly purchasing equipment, providing network-wide access to resources needed for expanding healthcare accessibility.
COLONIALIDAD Y LA METÁFORA DEL CANIBAL/CALIBAN: REIMAGINANDO LOS TERRORES CULTURALES EN EL POEMARIO LOBO DE THOMAS HARRIS
(Springer Nature, 2025) Escobar Gonzalez, Rocio
© 2025 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. All rights reserved.This article explores the intersection of decoloniality and the metaphor of the Cannibal-Caliban as a means to reimagine cultural terrors in the poetry collection “Lobo” (2018) by Chilean poet Thomas Harris. Drawing on the works of intellectuals engaged with the decolonial network, it examines the dismantling of coloniality and the proposition of an alternative epistemic framework based on interculturality. The untamed territory, symbolizing the historical struggle against Western European hegemony, is framed within the concept of civilbarbarism, reflecting the disputes of subjectivities in Latin American society. Through the Cannibal/ Caliban metaphor, this article offers a glimpse of new cultural subjectivities through a poetics that challenges and complicates Western discourses.
Cost-effectiveness of screening, decolonisation and isolation strategies for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitals: a sex-stratified mathematical modelling study
(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2025) Allel, Kasim; Garcia, Patricia; Peters, Anne; Munita, Jose; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Yakob, Laith
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) impose the greatest burden among critical bacterial pathogens. Evidence for sex differences among antibiotic resistant bacterial infections is increasing but a focus on policy implications is needed. We assessed impact of CRE/MRSA on excess length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission, and mortality by sex from a retrospective cohort study (n = 873) of patients in three Chilean hospitals, 2018-2021. Methods We used inverse-probability weighting combined with descriptive, logistic, and competing-risks analyses. We developed a sex-stratified deterministic compartmental model to analyse hospital transmission dynamics and the cost-effectiveness of nine interventions. We compared interventions based on the incremental costeffectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained and estimated net benefits. Findings The adjusted odds of women acquiring CRE and MRSA were 0.44 (0.28-0.70; p = 0.0013) and 0.73 (95% CI = 0.48-1.01; p = 0.050), respectively. Competing-risk models indicated higher mortality rates among women, compared to men. Mathematical model projections showed that pre-emptive isolation across all newly admitted high-risk men was the most cost-effective intervention (ICER = $1366/QALY and $1083/QALY for CRE and MRSA, respectively). Chromogenic agar coupled with MRSA decolonisation was the second most cost-effective intervention ($2099/QALY), followed by screening plus isolation or pre-emptive isolation strategies (ICER ranged between $2411/QALY and $4216/QALY across CRE and MRSA models). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that strategies were ICER < willingness-to-pay in 80% of simulations, except for testing plus digestive decolonisation for CRE. At a 20% national hospital coverage at least $12.2 million could be saved. Interpretation Our model suggests that targeted infection control strategies would effectively address rising CRE and MRSA infections. Maximising health-economic gains may be achieved by focusing on control measures for men as primary drivers for transmission, thereby reducing the disproportionate disease burden borne by women. Copyright (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Decentered Universality: Towards Reciprocal Dialogues in Center/Periphery Writing
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Alvarado Lincopi Claudio Andres
This epilogue to the "Indigenous Printing and Editorial Cultures: Memory, Media, and Collaboration between and beyond indigeneity and anthropology" In-Focus Issue offers a critical reflection on Indigenous editorial practices and their implications for rethinking global frameworks of knowledge production. Drawing on scriptural genealogies such as Guaman Poma's and the Mapuche publishing tradition, the text challenges the notion that Indigenous writing is a recent or anthropologically mediated phenomenon. In dialogue with the articles in the dossier, it advocates for transforming center-periphery relations and building more reciprocal and horizontal intellectual circuits. From a Latin American perspective, it calls for the recognition of Indigenous intellectual sovereignty and its potential to contribute to a decentered universality-one where collaboration does not reinforce hierarchies but enablesnew forms of critical knowledge co-production., Este ep & iacute;logo al dossier "Indigenous Printing and Editorial Cultures: Memory, Media, and Collaboration between and beyond indigeneity and anthropology" propone una reflexi & oacute;n cr & iacute;tica sobre las pr & aacute;cticas editoriales ind & iacute;genas y sus implicancias para repensar los marcos globales de producci & oacute;n de conocimiento. A partir de genealog & iacute;as escriturales como la de Guaman Poma y la tradici & oacute;n editorial mapuche, se cuestiona la idea de que la escritura ind & iacute;gena es un fen & oacute;meno reciente o dependiente de la mediaci & oacute;n antropol & oacute;gica. En di & aacute;logo con los art & iacute;culos del dossier, el texto aboga por una transformaci & oacute;n de las relaciones centro-periferia y por la construcci & oacute;n de circuitos intelectuales m & aacute;s horizontales y rec & iacute;procos. Desde una perspectiva latinoamericana, se plantea la necesidad de reconocer la potencia intelectual ind & iacute;gena y su capacidad para contribuir a una universalidad descentralizada, en la que la colaboraci & oacute;n no reproduzca jerarqu & iacute;as, sino que habilite nuevas formas de co-producci & oacute;n cr & iacute;tica del conocimiento.
Did St. Thomas Aquinas Endorse the View that the World Could Have Always Existed? A Reply to Wippel and Bukowski
(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2025) Irarrazaval Mainguyague Jose Luis
Regarding the topic of the eternity of the world, the following position is often attributed to St. Thomas Aquinas: that the world, in fact, had a beginning, but could have always existed. However, in none of Aquinas' texts can an explicit defense of the possibility of an eternal world be found. Nevertheless, at least two authors, John F. Wippel and Thomas Bukowski, offer a systematic defense in favor of such attribution. This paper argues for the opposite, namely, that it is inaccurate to attribute to Aquinas the claim that the world could have always existed. For this, the argumentation of the two aforementioned authors is reviewed step by step, and a counterargument for both is presented. The paper then turns to the distinction that Aquinas himself makes regarding the various senses of "possible" in article 14 of De potentia. This distinction is used to complement Giles of Rome's framework in order to provide greater clarity regarding Aquinas' precise stance on the possibility of an eternal world.
Diplomacia cultural, viajes y conocimiento histórico sobre China en América Latina. La obra de Olga Poblete desde los años treinta hasta la Guerra Fría
(Springer Nature, 2025) Montt Strabucchi, Maria
© 2025 Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. All rights reserved.This article examines the construction of knowledge about Asia and China in Chile through written accounts of travel to China. Using as a case study Olga Poblete’s essay on the history of Asia (1933), a travel book about the People’s Republic of China (1953) and a volume of essays on China’s cultural history (1955), the article argues that the travel to China contributed to the elaboration and circulation of historical knowledge about China in Chile. It explores how the circulation of ideas and individuals fostered the production of transnational knowledge and supported the development of Asian studies in Latin America from the 1930s through the Cold War. Furthermore, it proposes that such knowledge on China contributed to the formation of a historiographic field focused on Asia, reflecting on the role of travel in cultural diplomacy and knowledge production.
Embodiedness, Open-mindedness, and Eurocentrism: Diversifying Comparative and Cross-cultural Philosophy with Key Concepts of World Philosophies
(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2025) Rivera Espinoza Manuel Salvador
© 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Key Concepts in World Philosophies, edited by Sarah Flavel and Chiara Robbiano, offers a comprehensive exploration of philosophies beyond the Western canon, particularly from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This review essay examines the book’s chief thematic clusters: embodiedness, open-mindedness, and Eurocentrism. Through forty-five chapters, the book challenges traditional notions of philosophy by emphasizing the embodied nature of philosophical inquiry, advocating for open-mindedness and flexibility in approaching diverse perspectives, and critiquing Eurocentric biases. The book constitutes an invaluable resource for diversifying and decolonizing the teaching of comparative and cross-cultural philosophy.
Examining building deconstruction: Introducing a holistic index to evaluate the ease of disassembly
(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2025) Hernandez Lopez Hector Enrique; Diaz L.; Rodriguez-Grau G.
© 2025 Elsevier B.V.The construction industry faces significant environmental challenges, with 35 % of global construction and demolition waste ending up untreated in landfills and <9 % of materials reused worldwide. Industrialized and circular construction approaches hold promise for sustainability, especially by promoting building designs for easier disassembly and material recovery. However, assessing building deconstruction potential remains challenging, exacerbated by the interchangeable use of disassembly-related terms, leading to misunderstandings of deconstruction and its measurement. This study addresses these issues by proposing a Disassembly Ease Index (DEI) based on seventeen key variables identified through a comprehensive literature review. The DEI, tested in a case study, was found to be sensitive to factors such as connection types, required disassembly tools, and deconstruction methods, all of which significantly influence value retention options like reuse. The research not only clarifies deconstruction terminology and confirms the relationship between more industrialized, circular designs and greater disassembly efficiency but also offers a practical tool for assessing the deconstruction potential of buildings.

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