Publicaciones académicas

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Esta colección incluye artículos de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.

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Advances in seed mucilage: Chemical characterization, functional properties, extraction, and applications in edible coatings for meat preservation
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Tobar Espinoza, Bernardo David; Pérez C., José Ricardo
Seed mucilage represents a diverse group of plant-derived biopolymers with significant potential in food preservation applications due to their unique functional properties and natural origin. The preservation of refrigerated meat products faces significant challenges due to lipid oxidation and microbial growth, which degrade quality and shorten shelf life. Seed mucilage-based edible coatings provide an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic preservatives. This review examines advanced mucilage extraction techniques, including ultrasound and microwave-assisted methods, and emerging approaches utilizing deep eutectic solvents. It also explores cutting-edge analytical methods for mucilage characterization, such as FTIR, NMR, HPLC, and electron microscopy, offering insights into its chemical structure and functional properties. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between mucilage's molecular structure and its functional attributes, including water retention, gel formation, bioadhesion, and encapsulation of bioactive compounds like essential oils and antimicrobial agents. Recent research demonstrates that seed mucilage-derived coatings can extend the shelf life of refrigerated meat by reducing lipid oxidation, inhibiting microbial growth, and maintaining sensory and nutritional qualities. The bioadhesive and barrier properties of mucilage enhance the controlled release of active ingredients, effectively retarding spoilage. This review highlights the potential of seed mucilage as a natural, cost-effective, and sustainable solution to meat preservation challenges, addressing the growing demand for environmentally responsible packaging while ensuring product quality and safety.
Analysis of 4,164 type 1 diabetes antibody profiles in a chilean health centreMarcadores inmunológicos de diabetes tipo 1: Análisis de 4.164 perfiles en un centro de salud de Chile
(Academic Press, 2021) VERA F.; RODRÍGUEZ D.; QUIROGA T.; JOFRÉ P.; GRASSI B.; POLLAK F.; LAGOS R.
© 2021 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Background: Previous studies have assessed the role of Type 1 diabetes (DM1) antibodies as predictors of the natural history of disease. Aim: To determine the frequency and combinations of positivity for DM1 antibodies in patients with DM1 and the relationship between antibody positivity and the age of the patient. To explore the relationship between history of insulin therapy or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of the disease with antibody positivity in a subsample. Material and Methods: Data was gathered from every sample processed for DM1 antibodies in our laboratory between January 2015 and September 2019. Medical records from 84 patients who tested positive for at least one antibody were revised to study the relationship between insulin therapy or DKA at the onset of the disease with antibody positivity. Results: Forty percent of DM1 antibody tests were positive. Among positive tests, 1, 2, 3 or 4 DM1 antibodies were detected in 48%, 33%, 17% and 3% of cases, respectively. The likelihood of testing positive was inversely related with age for ICA, GAD, IA-2, ZnT8 and directly proportional for IAA (β = -0,012; -0,013; -0,014; -0,009; 0,005 respectively). An association between DKA at the onset of the disease and IA-2 positivity was observed (Odds ratio (OR) 5.38 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.79 - 16.16, P < 0.01). No association was found between IAA positivity and history of insulin therapy (OR 2.25 95%CI 0.63 - 7.90, P = 0.2403). Conclusions: The results obtained from this study represent a novel local profile of DM1 antibody data, highlighting a relationship between antibody positivity and age.
Association of hyperglycemia with the length of stay in hospitalized patientsPrevalencia de hiperglicemia y su relación con el tiempo de estadía en un hospital terciario
(Academic Press, 2021) Grassi B.; Maiz A.; Álvarez P.; Kara F.; Strodthoff K.
© 2021 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Background: Hyperglycemia during hospital stay is associated with adverse outcomes. Aim: To characterize the frequency of hyperglycemia in a tertiary hospital and to correlate it with length of hospital stay (LOS). Material and Methods: Review of medical records of hospitalized patients. Demographic data and laboratory data, previous diabetes mellitus (DM) history, current main diagnosis, unit of hospitalization and the two highest capillary blood glucose values from the analyzed period were recorded for each patient. LOS was obtained from electronic clinical records. Results: 210 subjects, aged 60 ± 19 years (104 women) were included. 113 patients (54%) developed hyperglycemia ≥ 140 mg/L. Thirty one percent of these had a previous history of diabetes and 29% had stress hyperglycemia (SHG). Patients with a history of DM had a higher average blood glucose than those with SHG (238.9 and 178.2 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.01) and a greater percentage of cases with a blood glucose above 180 mg/dL (72 and 40.0%, respectively, p < 0.01). Hospital LOS was significantly longer in patients with hyperglycemia ≥ 140 mg/dL as compared with those with normoglycemia (29.3 and 12.8 days, respectively, p < 0.01). This association remained significant when introduced in a linear regression analysis including diagnosis, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hospitalization unit (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Hyperglycemia during hospitalization affects more than half of hospitalized patients and is associated with a longer length of stay.
Effects of intra-set rest on morphological variables, maximal strength and jump performance in university studentsEfectos del descanso intra-serie sobre variables morfológicas, fuerza máxima y saltabilidad en estudiantes universitarios
(Academic Press, 2021) Aravena-Sagardia P.; García-Sandoval A.; Valdés-Badilla P.; Barramuño M.; Herrera-Valenzuela T.; Herrera-Valenzuela T.; Branco B.H.M.; Guzmán-Muñoz E.; Vega E.C.; López-Fuenzalida A.; Vega E.C.
© 2021, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.The appropriate dosage of resistance training could promote physical and physiological adaptations and decrease injuries. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the different intra-set rest after eight weeks of resistance training on morphological variables, maximal strength, and jump performance in physically active university students. Twenty-five students (15 men and 10 women) were randomized by sex and distributed in Control Group (CG) (n=8) with rest only at the end of the series; Experimental Group 1 (EG1) (n=9) with an intra-set rest of 30 s, and Experimental Group 2 (EG2) (n=8) with four intra-set rest of 10 s. Morphological variables [body weight, bipedal height, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and muscle mass], maximum upper body strength (bench press and military press), lower body strength [parallel squat (45°) and deadlift], as well as countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured. All three groups obtained a significant increase (p<0.01) in body weight and BMI, as well as an essential reduction (p<0.01) of fat mass. Muscle mass increased significantly (p<0.01) for both CG and EG1. Maximum upper-and lower-body strength increased considerably (p<0.05) across all three groups and for all exercises, while the CMJ notably increased for CG and EG1. There are no significant changes between the different intra-set rest, when using the same volume, intensity, and total recovery time during the exercise series (p>0.05); thereby, there is an equivalent increase in muscle mass, maximal strength, jump performance, and a fat mass reduction.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of esophageal cancerDisección endoscópica submucosa para el tratamiento del cáncer esofágico
(Academic Press, 2021) Ricardo Mejía M.; Enrique Norero M.; Rodrigo Muñoz C.; Allan Sharp P.; Josefina Sáez B.; Moreno D.; Enrique Norero M.; Marco Ceroni V.; Briones P.; Ignacio Obaid C.; Cristian Martínez B.; Rodrigo Muñoz C.; Constanza Godoy S.; Alfonso Díaz F.
© 2021, Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile. All rights reserved.Introduction: Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technique that allows en bloc resection of early lesions of the digestive tract. It has curative potential in selected patients and potential benefits over esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). Aim: To report the results of ESD for EC in a high-volume center in Chile. Materials and Method: Retrospective descriptive study of patients who underwent ESD for EC at our center. Results: A total of 10 patients were treated with ESD for EC between 2010 and 2020. Eighty percent were male patients, the average age was 72 years (63-84). En bloc resection was achieved in all cases and there were no complications or mortality. All of the dissections were classified as R0 and 90% met curative standards. The mean follow-up was 38 months (3.5-123). Overall survival was 90%. Cancer-specific survival was 100% and recurrence-free survival was 100%. Discus-sion: The rate of morbidity and mortality of esophagectomy is high. ESD would be a safer technique, which allows R0 resections and eventually curation in selected patients with EC limited to the mucosa or submucosa. Conclusion: This is the first report of ESD for the treatment of EC in our country, it shows excellent oncologic results and safety of the procedure, comparable to those reported in the larger series published to date.
Impact of a Literacy Program on the Academic Performance of First-Year University Students in ChileImpact d’un programme d’alphabétisation sur la performance scolaire des étudiants de première année d’université au ChiliImpacto de un programa de lectoescritura en elrendimiento académico de estudiantes de primer año universitario en Chile
(Academic Press, 2021) Urzúa-Martínez S.; Urzúa-Martínez S.; Riquelme-Yáñez R.; Riquelme-Yáñez R.; Micin-Carvallo S.
© 2021In the last decade, higher education institutions have deployed a series of programs to teach reading and writing at this educational level; however, little is known about the effect of these initiatives on student academic performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of one of these iniciatives on the academic performance of first-year Psychology students studying at the regional branches of Concepción, Santiago, Puerto Montt and Valdivia from the San Sebastián University, in Chile. The program was designed so that it would associate learning with the production and analysis of texts typical of the students’ disciplinary field. To estimate the effect of the program, a sample of the work done by 644 students who entered the institution in 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. Through a multiple regression model, which incorporated sociode-mographic and socio-educational variables, previous academic performance, cognitive skills, study strategies and contextual variables, it was concluded that participation in the program had a positive and statistically significant effect on students’ academic performance. The findings confirm the importance of teaching reading and writing as a situated process, especially during the first years of university.
Implementación de la práctica basada en evidencia en el currículo de Enfermería
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Arechabala M.; Salamanca M.; Silva N.; Acuña M.; Aldunate P.
© 2018, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.In the last decade, the teaching of research in nursing curricula has focused on evidence-based practice. The objective of this article is to describe a model for implementing this practice in the undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education curriculum of a nursing school. In view of this, theoretical-clinical courses were selected, and both scholars and nurses from the clinical fields were trained to ensure the continuity of student learning. The contents and competences to be taught and evaluated at each level of training were established. To conclude, the School of Nursing at Pontifical Catholica University of Chile has managed to implement evidence-based care, with the development of skills in students and professionals, in order to provide evidence-based care and/or synthesize evidence so that it be used by other professionals.
Microaerobic conditions in anaerobic sludge promote changes in bacterial composition favouring biodegradation of polymeric siloxanes
(Academic Press, 2021) Ortiz-Ardila A.E.; Labatut R.; Díez B.; Celis C.; Jenicek P.
© The Royal Society of Chemistry.Volatile organic silicon compounds (VOSiC) are harmful pollutants to the biota and ecological dynamics as well as biogas-based energy conversion systems. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the source of VOSiCs in biogas, especially arising from the biochemical conversion of siloxane polymers such as polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS). The biodegradation of PDMS was evaluated under anaerobic/microaerobic conditions (PO2 = 0, 1, 3, 5%), using wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge as an inoculum and PDMS as a co-substrate (0, 50, 100, 500 ppm). On average, strictly anaerobic treatments produced significantly less methane than the 3 and 5% microaerated ones, which show the highest PMDS biodegradation at 50 ppm. Thauera sp. and Rhodococcus sp. related phylotypes were identified as the most abundant bacterial groups in microaerated treatments, and siloxane-related molecules were identified as remnants of PDMS catabolism. Our study demonstrates that microaeration promotes changes to the native bacterial community which favour the biological degradation of PDMS. This confirms that the presence of VOSiC (e.g., D4-D6) in biogas is not only due to its direct input in wastewaters, but also to the PDMS microbial catabolism. Microaerobic conditions enhance both PDMS and (subsequent) VOSiC degradation in the liquid phase, increasing the concentrations of D4 and D5 in biogas, and the production of less toxic siloxane-based derivatives in the liquid phase. This study suggests that microaeration of the anaerobic sludge can significantly decrease the concentration of PDMSs in the WWTP effluent. However, for WWTPs to become effective barriers for the emission of these ecotoxic contaminants to the environment, such a strategy needs to be coupled with an efficient biodegradation of VOSiCs from the biogas. This journal is
Neurology and COVID-19: Case series of neurological complications in 96 patients admitted at a university hospitalNeurología hospitalaria y COVID-19: serie de 96 pacientes evaluados en un hospital universitario
(Academic Press, 2021) Godoy-Santín J.; Aguilar C.; Gutiérrez D.; Miranda H.; Rubio P.S.; Mellado P.; Grau S.B.; Andresen M.; Godoy-Santín J.; Nuñez F.; Ramos B.; Lorena G.A.
© 2021 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Background: There are multisystemic consequences secondary to SARSCoV- 2 infection. Aim: To characterize neurological complications in patients admitted due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Review of medical records of patients aged over 15 years with COVID-19 evaluated by the neurology team between April and August 2020 at a university hospital. Severity of the infection, referral reasons, neurological diagnoses and laboratory results were registered. The diagnoses were defined by consensus among the members of the hospital neurology group. Cerebrovascular and inflammatory diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system were defined as "probably associated" or "possibly associated" to COVID-19. Results: Ninety-six patients had at least 1 new neurological complication. 74% were admitted due to pneumonia and 20% due to a neurological disease. The most common reasons for neurological referral were impaired consciousness (39%), focal neurological deficit (24%), headache (9%) and seizures (5%). The most relevant neurological diagnoses were delirium in 48 patients, stroke in 24, critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy in 17, seizures in 14, brachial plexopathy in 3, compressive neuropathies in 5, encephalitis in 1, possible vasculitis in 1 and Guillain-Barré syndrome in 1. Stroke and epilepsy were associated with increased length of hospital stay, but without differences in mortality. Conclusions: The spectrum of neurological complications of COVID-19 is wide. There are clinical entities typical of critically ill patients and also diseases associated directly and indirectly with the SARS-CoV2 infection.
Pay attention to the students' epistemic barriers. A key for teaching Evidence Law¡Ponga atención en los obstáculos epistémicos de los estudiantes! Una clave para enseñar derecho probatorio
(Academic Press, 2019) Juan C.A.S.; Correa R.C.
© Universidad Austral de Chile.This essay proposes to teach the competence of "solving legal conflicts" in an undergraduate Evidence Law module using "legal problems", instead of cases or questions. Legal problems are didactic devices characterized by two elements. First, students are compelled to develop the skills to produce, organize and assess evidences that confirm or refute relevant facts in contexts analogous to judicial. Second, teachers are allowed to know the line of thought of their students, and consequently, by making epistemic barriers visible, to modify the student's thinking routines. The analysis places special emphasis on the concept of epistemic barrier and its difficulties.
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (McCune-Albright) with rare multiple epiphyseal lesions in association with aneurysmal bone cyst and pathologic fracture
(Academic Press, 2021) Burdiles A.; Marín R.; Klaber I.; Solar A.; Calderón M.; Jara F.; Kara F.; Bazáes D.
© 2021Fibrous dysplasia, including McCune-Albright syndrome, is a genetic, non-inheritable benign bone disorder that may involve a single or multiple bone, typically occurring in the diaphysis or the metaphysis of long bones. In very rare instances polyostotic fibrous dysplasia present involvement of the epiphysis in long bones. Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign, expansile, lytic bone lesions formed by cystic cavities containing blood, that may occur de novo or secondary to other lesions of bone, including fibrous dysplasia. We report a case of an 18-year-old female with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (McCune-Albright syndrome) with diaphyseal and unusual multiple foci of epiphyseal involvement of long bones as well as in the patella, and a simultaneous aneurysmal bone cyst of the left femoral neck with pathologic fracture. This is the first report of a simultaneous aneurysmal bone cyst in a patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (McCune-Albright syndrome) with involvement of diaphysis and epiphysis of long bones, highlighting that fibrous dysplasia should be included in the differential diagnosis of polyostotic tumors involving the diaphysis as well as the epiphysis. In patients with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia there should be an active search for lesions in the epiphysis.
Process Mining to Explore Variations in Endometrial Cancer Pathways from GP Referral to First Treatment
(Academic Press, 2021) Kurniati A.P.; Rojas E.; Zucker K.; Hall G.; Hogg D.; Johnson O.
The main challenge in the pathway analysis of cancer treatments is the complexity of the process. Process mining is one of the approaches that can be used to visualize and analyze these complex pathways. In this study, our purpose was to use process mining to explore variations in the treatment pathways of endometrial cancer. We extracted patient data from a hospital information system, created the process model, and analyzed the variations of the 62-day pathway from a General Practitioner referral to the first treatment in the hospital. We also analyzed the variations based on three different criteria: the type of the first treatment, the age at diagnosis, and the year of diagnosis. This approach should be of interest to others dealing with complex medical and healthcare processes.
Prophylactic Perioperative Terlipressin Therapy for Preventing Acute Kidney Injury in Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Academic Press, 2022) Kulkarni A.V.; Tevethia H.V.; Sharma M.; Reddy N.D.; Rao N.P.; Kumar K.; Candia R.; Arab J.P.; Premkumar M.; Menon B.; Rao G.V.
© 2021 Indian National Association for Study of the LiverBackground: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in the perioperative transplant period and is associated with poor outcomes. Few studies reported a reduction in AKI incidence with terlipressin therapy by counteracting the hemodynamic alterations occurring during liver transplantation. However, the effect of terlipressin on posttransplant outcomes has not been systematically reviewed. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed. Studies reporting the use of terlipressin in the perioperative period of living donor liver transplantation were included. We expressed the dichotomous outcomes as risk ratio (RR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) using the random effects model. The primary aim was to assess the posttransplant risk of AKI. The secondary aims were to assess the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), vasopressors, effect on hemodynamics, blood loss during surgery, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of nine studies reporting 711 patients (309 patients in the terlipressin group and 402 in the control group) were included for analysis. Terlipressin was administered for a mean duration of 53.44 ± 28.61 h postsurgery. The risk of AKI was lower with terlipressin (0.6 [95% CI, 0.44–0.8]; P = 0.001). However, on sensitivity analysis including only four randomized controlled trials (I2 = 0; P = 0.54), the risk of AKI was similar in both the groups (0.7 [0.43–1.09]; P = 0.11). The need for RRT was similar in both the groups (0.75 [0.35–1.56]; P = 0.44). Terlipressin therapy reduced the need for another vasopressor (0.34 [0.25–0.47]; P < 0.001) with a concomitant rise in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance by 3.2 mm Hg (1.64–4.7; P < 0.001) and 77.64 dyne cm−1.sec−5 (21.27–134; P = 0.007), respectively. Blood loss, duration of hospital/ICU stay, and mortality were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Perioperative terlipressin therapy has no clinically relevant benefit.
Resource control strategies inventory: Adaptation in Chilean preadolescentsInventaire des stratégies de contrôle des ressources: Adaptation en Préadolescentes ChiliensInventario de Estratégias de controle de recursos: Adaptação em Pré-adolescentes ChilenosInventario de estrategias de control de recursos: Validación en preadolescentes chilenos
(Academic Press, 2021) Chalco E.F.; Silva C.B.
© 2021 Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved.Resource Control Theory (Hawley, 1999) has been presented as an alternative theory for the study of preadolescent social behavior. However, there are no instruments to assess its proposals for the Spanish language. The study’s objective was to validate the Resource Control Resources Inventory for the Chilean preadolescent population. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used. 5th to 8th graders from two public schools from Santiago de Chile were part of the sample. Seven students were interviewed, and 180 were surveyed. After the translation and adaptation, the inventory showed an excellent fit to the factorial model, and the criterion validity showed similar results to those reported in recent literature.
The drought of 1886. Hydro-social networks, water appropriation and environmental conflict in the central and northern zone of ChileLa sequía de 1886. Redes hidro-sociales, apropiación del agua y conflicto ambiental en la Zona Centro y Norte de Chile
(Academic Press, 2021) Labra G.E.; Gayan P.C.
© 2021, Universidad Austral de Chile. All rights reserved.Drawing from environmental history, this paper studies the power relations that articulate the management of hydro-social networks in Chile. It analyzes the drought of 1886 as a key juncture for the purpose of examining the relationship between society and nature, in a context of State building and insertion of the country into global markets. During that year, different channels owners monopolized the exiguous available flows, protected in their individual rights of property on the water, without considering the arid socio-environmental context. This generated several conflicts over water distribution, in which the Chilean State had to intervene through its various provincial authorities. We argue that these conflicts were not consequence of the reduction of rainfall but of the way in which the Chilean ruling class, the State and its legislation understood the link between human beings and nature. In order to understand the principles that shaped this relationship, we examine different conflicts related to the management of hydro-social networks in the provinces of Atacama, Colchagua and Aconcagua.

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