Publicaciones académicas

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https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/7
Esta colección incluye artículos de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.

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Browsing Publicaciones académicas by browse.metadata.categoria "Ciencias de la tierra"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 66
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    A Case Study on Fog/Low Stratus Occurrence at Las Lomitas, Atacama Desert (Chile) as a Water Source for Biological Soil Crusts
    (2018) Lehnert, Lukas W.; Thies, Boris; Trachte, Katja; Achilles, Sebastian; Osses, Pablo; Baumann, Karen; Schmidt, Jakob; Samolov, Elena; Jung, Patrick; Leinweber, Peter; Karsten, Ulf; Buedel, Burkhard; Bendix, Joerg
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    Adaptación al cambio climático y gestión de riesgos naturales: buscando síntesis en la planificación urbana
    (2016) Barton, Jonathan R.; Irarrázaval Irarrázaval, Felipe; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    El aluvión del 9 agosto 2015 en Alto Patache, región de Tarapacá, Desierto de Atacama
    (2017) Orellana, Héctor; García, Juan Luis; Ramírez, Carla; Zanetta Colombo, Nicolás Camilo
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    An Overview of Applications, Toxicology and Separation Methods of Lithium
    (2025) Moreno-Virgen, María del Rosario; Escalera-Velasco, Blanca Paloma; Reynel-Ávila, Hilda Elizabeth; González-Ponce, Herson Antonio; Videla Leiva, Álvaro Rodrigo; Morandé Thompson, Arturo Ignacio; Ludovico-Marques, Marco; Sogari, Noemi; Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián
    Lithium has emerged as a critical element in contemporary society. It has been classified as an indispensable feedstock in the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries for electric mobility, portable electronics, and stationary energy storage systems, which are essential for the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources. This metal also has other industrial applications and is projected to support future developments in semiconductor and aerospace technology. However, the exponential growth in global Li demand driven by energy transition and technological innovation requires a resilient and sustainable supply chain where both technological and environmental challenges should be addressed. This review discusses and analyzes some of current challenges associated with the Li supply chain given a particular emphasis on its separation methods. First, statistics of the Li market and its applications are provided, including the main sources from which to recover Li and the environmental impact associated with conventional Li extraction techniques from mineral ores and salar brines. Different separation methods (e.g., solvent extraction, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane technology) to recover Li from different sources are reviewed. Recent advances and developments in these separation strategies are described, including a brief analysis of their main limitations and capabilities. The importance and potential of recycling strategies for end-of-life batteries and industrial residues are also highlighted. A perspective on the gaps to be resolved with the aim of consolidating the Li supply chain to support the energy transition agenda is provided in this review.
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    Assessing the Effect of Glacier Runoff Changes on Basin Runoff and Agricultural Production in the Indus, Amu Darya, and Tarim Interior Basins
    (2025) Calvo Gallardo, Rubén Ignacio; Lambert, Fabrice; Álamos Correa, Nicolás; Urquiza, Anahí
    Climate change is leading to a substantial reduction in glacier mass, and it is anticipated that during this century, the peak water contribution of glaciers to runoff will occur in major glacierized basins around the world. Glacier runoff is a crucial source of water in mountain basins, and a decrease in its contribution can affect agricultural production. In this study, we modeled the agricultural sector's response to changes in glacier runoff in the Asian basins of Amu Darya, Tarim Interior, and Indus, using the Global Change Analysis Model, which was driven by surface runoff derived from the Xanthos hydrological model and the Open Global Glacier Model. Our findings indicate that under SSP5-8.5, there is an increase in accessible water during the Peak-Water Glacier Runoff compared to the Historical Glacier Runoff scenario. However, accessible water under SSP58.5 falls below the Historical Glacier Runoff scenario in the last decades of the 21st century. The initial increase in accessible water drives the GCAM agricultural model to increase the production of oil crops, root tubers, sugar crops, and fruits, but only temporarily until peak glacier runoff occurrence. In Pakistan, we observe the adaptive response of neighboring basins (increased production) to a reduction in crop production in the Amu Darya and Indus and vice versa. Our results support the argument that policymakers should implement a holistic long-term perspective, in which the apparent positive economic effect of the temporary increase in accessible water is balanced with the threat to intergenerational access to freshwater and ecosystem conservation.
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    ASSESSMENT OF FAST SPECTRAL WAVE TRANSFER METHODOLOGIES FROM DEEP TO SHALLOW WATERS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENERGY RESOURCE QUANTIFICATION IN THE CHILEAN COAST
    (2014) Domínguez, Juan Carlos; Cienfuegos, Rodrigo; Catalán, Patricio; Zamorano, Luis; Lucero, Felipe
    Alternative wave transfer methodologies from deep to shallow water that aim at reducing the computational time in cases where the full propagation of a large number of wave climates is often prohibitive are defined and tested against full spectral propagation using complex measured wave climates. A proposed method is presented in this work which is able to accurately reproduce the shape transformation of directional spectra while significantly reducing the computational time. Another transfer method is also validated, which can achieve relatively good results when there is no spectral information and only statistical wave parameters (e.g. significant wave height, peak period and mean wave direction) are available. Finally, an application of the proposed method in the framework of energy resource quantification in Chile is presented.
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    Características geomorfológicas : : área litoral : Iquique-Caleta Molle.
    (1991) Velozo Figueroa, Luis; Sanchez Martinez, Marcela
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    Climate Change and the Integrity of Science
    (2010) Gleick, P. H.; Castilla, Juan Carlos
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    Climate-scale modelling of suspended sediment load in an Alpine catchment debris flow (Rio Cordon-northeastern Italy)
    (2018) Diodato, Nazzareno; Mao, Luca; Borrelli, Pasquale; Panagos, Panos; Fiorillo, Francesco; Bellocchi, Gianni
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    Clinical features of 17 patients with familial non medullary thyroid carcinoma
    (2007) Mosso G. L.; Velasco S.; Cardona B.; Fardella C.; González G.; López J.M.; Rodríguez J.A.; Arteaga E.; Salazar I.; Solar A.; González H.; Cruz F.; Mosso G. L.; NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
    Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma can have familial aggregation. Aim: To compare retrospectively familial non medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) with sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with thyroid carcinoma. An index case was defined as a subject with the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with one or more first degree relatives with the same type of cancer. Seventeen such patients were identified and were compared with 352 subjects with PTC. Results: The most common affected relatives were sisters. Patients with FNMTC were younger than those with PTC. No differences were observed in gender, single or multiple foci, thyroid capsule involvement, surgical border involvement, number of affected lymph nodes and coexistence of follicular hyperplasia. Patients with FNMTC had smaller tumors and had a nine times more common association with lymphocytic thyroiditis. Five patients with FNMTC had local recurrence during 4.8 years of follow up. Conclusions: Patients with FNMTC commonly have an associated chronic thyroiditis, are younger and have smaller tumors than patients with PTC.
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    Deformation and magma transport in a crystallizing plutonic complex, Coastal Batholith, central Chile
    (2015) Webber, J.; Klepeis, K.; Webb, L.; Cembrano, José; Morata, D.; Mora, G.; Arancibia Hernández, Gloria Cecilia
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    Détection de courants marins côtiers à partir de séquences vidéo
    (2014) Larnier, Stanislas; Almar, Rafael; Cienfuegos, Rodrigo; Lejay, Antoine; Dhersin, Jean-Stéphane
    Les courants marins à proximité d’une côte contrôlent le transport de sédiment et son évolution. Or leur estimation par des instruments sur site est difficile et coûteuse. Les systèmes de télédétection reposant sur des observations constituent une alternative prometteuse lorsque la mousse dérivante laissée après le passage de vagues déferlantes est visible. Pourtant, seules quelques méthodes ont été proposées à ce jour dans la littérature.Dans cet article, nous décrivons deux nouvelles méthodes : l’une basée sur les images vidéos considérées dans leur globalité et l’autre basée sur des timestacks le long de la côte. La première approche est une extension de la méthode Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). La seconde approche produit une estimation de la composante parallèle à la côte des courants de surface en utilisant la transformée de Radon sur des séries temporelles de données en une dimension. Cette dernière nécessite moins de données.Les vidéos utilisées dans cet article proviennent d’une campagne menée sur la zone de l’embouchure de Mataquito dans la région de Maule au Chili. Elles font partie d’une étude sur l’évolution côtière de la zone de Mataquito après le tsunami chilien de 2010. Une comparaison a été également réalisée avec les mesures d’un courantomètre prises lors de la campagne du Truc Vert de 2008 en Aquitaine, France. Elle a eu lieu lors d’une tempête qui a provoqué l’évolution d’une barre sableuse.
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    Dilatation and shearing in tectono-volcanic systems from poro-elasto-plastic models set in the Southern Andes Volcanic Zone context, inferences on geofluid flow
    (2022) Gerbault, Muriel; Saez, Felipe; Ruz Ginouves, Javiera; Cembrano, José; Iturrieta, Pablo; Hurtado, Daniel; Hassani, Riad; Browning, John
    Geothermal fields near volcanic complexes and active crustal-scale fault zones require an understanding of the mechanical interactions that control variations in pore fluid pressure at a crustal scale. Crustal faults can trigger and modify fluid flow depending mostly on their geometry and mechanical properties. In turn, fluid flow reduces normal stresses causing either shearing or dilation through the rock mass, concomitant with hydraulic fracturing or seismic fault reactivation. The Southern Andes Volcanic Zone (SAVZ) documents widespread geofluid migration through the crust within a bulk regional transpressive regime. We address here the key role of dilatational domains potentially hosting geothermal fluids, in close relation to shear zones, by using elasto-plastic and poro-elasto-plastic models. First we define models considering Drucker-Prager elasto-plasticity, that account for either: 1) an inflating magmatic cavity or 2) a dextral slipping fault zone ca. 4 km apart, to assess the rheological conditions leading to brittle failure of the bedrock around the fault zone and the cavity, respectively. This setup is applied to the San-Pedro Tatara volcanic complex in the SAVZ. Parametric tests of Young’s moduli and frictional strength provide not only the conditions for macro-scale shear failure, but also shows the development of diffuse domains of dilatational strain in the intervening bedrock. Both void opening and/or volumetric cracking may lead to an increase in porosity and/or permeability, allowing over-pressurized geofluids to migrate within these domains. Our results (Ruz Ginouves et al., JVGR, 2021) show that generally, shallow magma chambers (~< 4 km) and fault zones must be close enough to trigger bedrock failure of the other counterpart (< 4 km), unless the magma chamber is deeper than 10 km, the magma overpressure is high or the regional strength is very low. We argue that alternating strike-slip faulting and magmatic overpressure promote a variety of stress fields that may explain observations of transient fluid pathways on seemingly independent timescales along the Andean margin. To gain further insights into these processes, we develop a numerical scheme to quantify stress and fluid flow with a coupled poro-mechanical approach implemented using Python’s Opensource FEM library FeniCS. Benchmarks are first presented to validate our poro-elasto-plastic approach. Then a synthetic setup shows how fluids get channelized around a fault zone several days after an imposed fault slip motion. Preliminary results are discussed in comparison to a high enthalpy geothermal system associated with another volcanic complex in the SAVZ.
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    Eco-hydrological Functions in Forested Catchments of Southern Chile
    (2020) Frene, C.; Dorner, J.; Zuniga, F.; Cuevas, J. G.; Alfaro, F. D.; Armesto, Juan J.