Browsing by Author "Xu, Peng"

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    Daily intakes of copper, zinc and arsenic in drinking water by population of Shanghai, China
    (ELSEVIER, 2006) Xu, Peng; Huang, Shengbiao; Wang, Zijian; Lagos, Gustavo
    Daily intakes of metals in drinking water are of extreme importance in risk assessment to human health. Some papers focused on this topic, but most of them did not consider the effect of age, gender and work location on daily intakes of metals in drinking water. The objective of present paper is to estimate the levels of Cu, Zn and As ingestion in drinking water in Shanghai, China and the effect of age, gender and work location on daily intakes of these metals. It was also the first time that such a detailed investigation on daily intakes of metals in drinking water was carried out in China in recent years. Drink/Sample (D/S) method was used to estimate the daily intakes of Cu, Zn and As in drinking water. The mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and As in drinking water were 10.8 mu g/l, 0.29 mg/I and 0.91 mu g/l, which were lower than U.S. EPA's Drinking Water Equivalent Level (DWEL) and WHO guideline values. The average daily intakes of Cu, Zn and As in drinking water was 21.12 mu g/d, 0.65 mg/d, and 1.83 mu g/d, which were on average 0.01%, 1.1% and 1.5% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee. There was a significant difference in daily intake of Zn for different work locations (P = 0.04). But no other significant differences in daily intakes of metals in drinking water were found according to age, gender and work location. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Summer exposure assessment of Cu and Zn in drinking water in Shanghai, China
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2006) Xu, Peng; Lagos, Gustavo; Huang, Shengbiao; Wang, Zijian
    Daily exposures to chemicals in drinking water are of importance in risk assessment to human health. However, exposure assessment of chemicals in drinking water has seldom been performed in China. Until now, no such a detailed exposure assessment was reported in China. The aim of the present paper is to describe the scenes of daily exposure to Cu and Zn in drinking water by the population of Shanghai, China in the summer of 2003. A total of 163 volunteers and/or homes were selected to be statistically representative of the population of Shanghai, China. The Modified Consumption Habit Exposure Model (CHEM) method combined with the measurement of metals concentrations in stagnant water and actual ingested water was used to describe the daily exposure. The Consumption Habit Exposure Model method results showed that water consumption ranged from 1.7 to 2.2 L/day, varied with different age, gender and work location groups. Chemical results showed that the average Cu and Zn concentrations in stagnant water were much higher than those in actual ingested water (13.5 mu g/L and 1.55 mg/L vs. 10.8 mu g/L and 0.29 mg/L). Exposure assessment results also showed that volunteers had the highest exposure from the time of after breakfast to before dinner, and had the lowest exposure during the 15 minutes before sleeping. It was also showed that there were few volunteers directly exposed to stagnant water, although six hours stagnant time can be reached in most of the homes in Shanghai in the morning. The mean daily exposures to Cu and Zn were 0.36 mu g/kg/day and 0.01 mg/kg/day. Daily intakes of Cu and Zn from drinking water by Shanghai people were 1.8% and 4.4% of the World Health Organization recommendations for minimum total intakes of Cu and Zn for adults, respectively.
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    Winter exposure assessment of copper, zinc and arsenic in drinking water of inhabitants in Beijing, China
    (INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD, 2011) Huang, Shengbiao; Xu, Peng; Lagos, Gustavo E.; Wang, Zijian
    Human exposure to Cu, Zn and As from drinking water in Beijing, China was estimated in winter. Cu, Zn and As were detected at 6.1, 400 and 0.6 mu g/L on average in stagnant water, significantly different from those in the actually ingested boiled tap water, 5.1, 130 and 2.4 mu g/L, respectively. Daily intake of Cu, Zn and As from drinking water was 0.8%, 7.7% and 28.5% of the minimum for adults recommended by WHO and varied among different age groups, as the highest occurred in the 64-year-old group, followed by the 20-64-year-old group.