Browsing by Author "Wildschut, Tim"

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    Pancultural Nostalgia in Action: Prevalence, Triggers, and Psychological Functions of Nostalgia Across Cultures
    (2024) Hepper, Erica G.; Sedikides, Constantine; Wildschut, Tim; Cheung, Wing Yee; Abakoumkin, Georgios; Arikan, Gizem; Aveyard, Mark; Baldursson, Einar B.; Bialobrzeska, Olga; Bouamama, Sana; Bouzaouech, Imed; Brambilla, Marco; Burger, Axel M.; Chen, Sylvia Xiaohua; Cisek, Sylwia; Demassosso, Didier; Estevan-Reina, Lucia; Gutierrez, Roberto Gonzalez; Gu, Li; Guerra, Rita; Hansen, Nina; Kamble, Shanmukh; Kusumi, Takashi; Mangelinckx, Camille; Nourkova, Veronika V.; Pinna, Elena; Rantasila, Aino; Ritchie, Timothy D.; Salikhova, Albina B.; Stephan, Elena; Sterian, Mihaela; Tong, Yuk-yue; Van Even, Suzanne; Viana, Normando Jose Queiroz; Vingerhoets, Ad; von Hippel, Courtney; Zatsepin, Artem S.; Zengel, Bettina
    Nostalgia is a social, self-relevant, and bittersweet (although mostly positive) emotion that arises when reflecting on fond past memories and serves key psychological functions. The majority of evidence concerning the prevalence, triggers, and functions of nostalgia has been amassed in samples from a handful of largely Western cultures. If nostalgia is a fundamental psychological resource, it should perform similar functions across cultures, although its operational dynamics may be shaped by culture. This study (N = 2,606) examined dispositional nostalgia, self-reported triggers of nostalgia, and functions of experimentally induced nostalgia in young adults across 28 countries and a special administrative region of China (i.e., Hong Kong). Results indicated that nostalgia is frequently experienced across cultures, albeit better valued in more-developed countries (i.e., higher national wealth and life-expectancy). Nostalgia is triggered by psychological threats (especially in warmer countries), sensory stimuli (especially in more-developed countries), and social gatherings (especially in less-developed countries). The positive or negative affect prompted by experimentally induced nostalgia varied by country, but was mild overall. More importantly, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory increased social connectedness, self-continuity, and meaning in life across cultures. In less-developed countries, recalling an ordinary memory also conferred some of these functions, reducing the effect size of nostalgia. Finally, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory augmented state satisfaction with life in countries with lower quality of living (i.e., lower life-expectancy and life-satisfaction). Overall, findings confirm the relevance of nostalgia across a wide range of cultures and indicate cultural nuances in its functioning.
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    Pancultural Nostalgia: Prototypical Conceptions Across Cultures
    (2014) Hepper, Erica G.; Wildschut, Tim; Sedikides, Constantine; Ritchie, Timothy D.; Yung, Yiu-Fai; Hansen, Nina; Abakoumkin, Georgios; Arikan, Gizem; Cisek, Sylwia Z.; Demassosso, Didier B.; Gebauer, Jochen E.; Gerber, J. P.; Gonzalez, Roberto; Kusumi, Takashi; Misra, Girishwar; Rusu, Mihaela; Ryan, Oisin; Stephan, Elena; Vingerhoets, Ad J. J.; Zhou, Xinyue
    Nostalgia is a frequently experienced complex emotion, understood by laypersons in the United Kingdom and United States of America to (a) refer prototypically to fond, self-relevant, social memories and (b) be more pleasant (e.g., happy, warm) than unpleasant (e.g., sad, regretful). This research examined whether people across cultures conceive of nostalgia in the same way. Students in 18 countries across 5 continents (N = 1,704) rated the prototypicality of 35 features of nostalgia. The samples showed high levels of agreement on the rank-order of features. In all countries, participants rated previously identified central (vs. peripheral) features as more prototypical of nostalgia, and showed greater interindividual agreement regarding central (vs. peripheral) features. Cluster analyses revealed subtle variation among groups of countries with respect to the strength of these pancultural patterns. All except African countries manifested the same factor structure of nostalgia features. Additional exemplars generated by participants in an open-ended format did not entail elaboration of the existing set of 35 features. Findings identified key points of cross-cultural agreement regarding conceptions of nostalgia, supporting the notion that nostalgia is a pancultural emotion.
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    REPLY TO KOMATSU ET AL.: From local social mindfulness to global sustainability efforts?
    (NATL ACAD SCIENCES, 2022) Van Doesum, Niels J.; Murphy, Ryan O.; Gallucci, Marcello; Aharonov Majar, Efrat; Athenstaedt, Ursula; Au, Wing Tung; Bai, Liying; Bohm, Robert; Bovina, Inna; Buchan, Nancy R.; Chen, Xiao Ping; Dumont, Kitty B.; Engelmann, Jan B.; Eriksson, Kimmo; Euh, Hyun; Fiedler, Susann; Friesen, Justin; Gachter, Simon; Garcia, Camilo; Gonzalez, Roberto; Graf, Sylvie; Growiec, Katarzyna; Guimond, Serge; Hrebickova, Martina; Immer Bernold, Elizabeth; Joireman, Jeff; Karagonlar, Gokhan; Kawakami, Kerry; Kiyonari, Toko; Kou, Yu; Kyrtsis, Alexandros Andreas; Lay, Siugmin; Leonardelli, Geoffrey J.; Li, Norman P.; Li, Yang; Maciejovsky, Boris; Manesi, Zoi; Mashuri, Ali; Mok, Aurelia; Moser, Karin S.; Motak, Ladislav; Netedu, Adrian; Platow, Michael J.; Raczka Winkler, Karolina; Folmer, Christopher P. Reinders; Reyna, Cecilia; Romano, Angelo; Shalvi, Shaul; Simao, Claudia; Stivers, Adam W.; Strimling, Pontus; Tsirbas, Yannis; Utz, Sonja; van der Meij, Leander; Waldzus, Sven; Wang, Yiwen; Weber, Bernd; Weisel, Ori; Wildschut, Tim; Winter, Fabian; Wu, Junhui; Yong, Jose C.; Van Lange, Paul A. M.
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    Wherefore art thou competitors? How situational affordances help differentiate among prosociality, individualism, and competition
    (2024) Liu, Yi; Stivers, Adam W.; Murphy, Ryan O.; Van Doesum, Niels J.; Joireman, Jeff; Gallucci, Marcello; Aharonov-Majar, Efrat; Athenstaedt, Ursula; Bai, Liying; Bohm, Robert; Buchan, Nancy R.; Chen, Xiao-Ping; Dumont, Kitty B.; Engelmann, Jan B.; Eriksson, Kimmo; Euh, Hyun; Fiedler, Susann; Friesen, Justin; Gachter, Simon; Garcia, Camilo; Gonzalez, Roberto; Graf, Sylvie; Growiec, Katarzyna; Hrebickova, Martina; Karagonlar, Gokhan; Kiyonari, Toko; Kou, Yu; Kuhlman, D. Michael; Lay Martínez, Siugmin Paz; Leonardelli, Geoffrey J.; Li, Norman P.; Li, Yang; Maciejovsky, Boris; Manesi, Zoi; Mashuri, Ali; Mok, Aurelia; Moser, Karin S.; Netedu, Adrian; Pammi, Chandrasekhar; Platow, Michael J.; Reinders Folmer, Christopher P.; Reyna, Cecilia; Simao, Claudia; Utz, Sonja; van der Meij, Leander; Waldzus, Sven; Wang, Yiwen; Weber, Bernd; Weisel, Ori; Wildschut, Tim; Winter, Fabian; Wu, Junhui; Yong, Jose C.; Van Lange, Paul A. M.
    The Triple Dominance Measure (choosing between prosocial, individualistic, and competitive options) and the Slider Measure ("sliding" between various orientations, for example, from individualistic to prosocial) are two widely used techniques to measure social value orientation, that is, the weight individuals assign to own and others' outcomes in interdependent situations. Surprisingly, there is only moderate correspondence between these measures, but it is unclear why and what the implications are for identifying individual differences in social value orientation. Using a dataset of 8021 participants from 31 countries and regions, this study revealed that the Slider Measure identified fewer competitors than the Triple Dominance Measure, accounting for approximately one-third of the non-correspondence between the two measures. This is (partially) because many of the Slider items do not afford a competitive option. In items where competition is combined with individualism, competitors tended to make the same choices as individualists. Futhermore, we demonstrated the uniqueness of competitors. Compared to prosocials and individualists, competitors exhibited lower levels of both social mindfulness and trust. Overall, the present work highlights the importance of situational affordances in measuring personality, the benefits of distinguishing between individualists and competitors, and the importance of utilizing a measure that distinguishes between these two proself orientations.