Browsing by Author "Valle, Patricio"

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    Extubation failure after cardiac surgery in children with Down syndrome
    (2023) Salgado, Fernanda; Larios, Guillermo; Valenzuela, Gonzalo; Amstein, Rodolfo; Valle, Patricio; Valderrama, Paulo
    Extubation failure (EF) after cardiac surgery is associated with poorer outcomes. Approximately 50% of children with Down syndrome (DS) have congenital heart disease. Our primary aim was to describe the frequency of EF and identify risk factors for its occurrence in a population of patients with DS after cardiac surgery. Secondary aims were to describe complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates. This report was a retrospective case-control study and was carried out in a national reference congenital heart disease repair center of Chile. This study includes all infants 0-12 months old with DS who were admitted to pediatric intensive care unit after cardiac surgery between January 2010 and November 2020. Patients with EF (cases) were matched 1:1 with children who did not fail their extubation (controls) using the following criteria: age at surgery, sex, and type of congenital heart disease. Overall, 27/226 (11.3%) failed their first extubation. In the first analysis, before matching of cases and controls was made, we found association between EF and younger age (3.8 months vs 5 months; p = 0.003) and presence of coarctation of the aorta (p = 0.005). In the case-control univariate analysis, we found association between an increased cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) (p = 0.03; OR 5 (95% CI 1.6-16.7) for a CTR > 0.59) and marked hypotonia (27% vs 0%; p = 0.01) with the risk of EF. No differences were found in ventilatory management.Conclusions: In pediatric patients with DS, EF after cardiac surgery is associated with younger age, presence of aortic coarctation, higher CTR reflecting the degree of cardiomegaly and hypotonia. Recognition of these factors may be helpful when planning extubation for these patients.
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    Monitoring of anticoagulant treatment with Unfractionated Heparin in pediatrics
    (2022) Aguirre, Noemi; Rivera, Carolina; Munoz, Gonzalo; Valle, Patricio; Panes, Olga; Zuniga, Pamela
    Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the most widely used anticoagulant in hospitalized patients. The therapeutic range (TR) was defined in adults according to the prolongation of the activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). However, the recommendation is to maintain a therapeutic range with anti-factor Xa assay (antiFXa). As this technique is more complex to perform and less available, it is recommended to make local correlation curves of aPTT with antiFXa. Objective: to determine the correlation between the values of aPTT and antiFXa in patients treated with UFH. Patients and Method: 52 patients between 2 days to 14 years of age hospitalized in the Pediatric Critical Patient Unit were recruited. They received treatment with UFH in continuous infusion for at least 24 hours. aPTT and antiFXa tests were performed according to the moment of anticoagulation. To evaluate the concordance of the levels of aPTT with those of antiFXa, the Kappa statistical coefficient of Landis and Koch was used. Results: 105 samples were collected from 52 patients. The overall concordance was 0.452 (moderate correlation). In patients aged < 1 month (n = 40), a considerable correlation was evident (r = 0.617); in those from 1 month to < 6 months (n = 18) and 6 months -< 12 months with aPTT < 120 seconds (n = 11), also showed a considerable correlation (r = 0.636 and 0.615, respec-tively), while in those aged > 12 months (n = 37) with aPTT < 120 seconds, a moderate correlation was evident (r = 0.454). Conclusion: In our population, there is a moderate correlation between the values of aPTT and antiFXa.
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    Traqueostomía en niños: experiencia de 10 años en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos
    (Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria, 2021) Oyarzún Aguirre, Ignacio; Conejero Müller, María José; Adasme, Rodrigo; Pérez, Carolina; Segall, Dafne; Vulletin, Fernando; Oyarzún Andrade, María Angélica; Valle, Patricio
    La indicación de traqueostomía en pediatría ha cambiado en los últimos 30 años, desde indicaciones agudas y transitorias por obstrucción de la vía aérea a indicaciones programadas y de uso crónico por necesidad de ventilación mecánica (VM) crónica. Objetivo: describir la indicación de traqueostomía y morbilidad asociada al procedimiento, en una cohorte de una década. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo. Revisión de fichas de egresos hospitalarios (2005-2015) en menores de 15 años traqueostomizados durante su estadía, en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital universitario. Se evaluaron variables demográficas y clínicas pre y post traqueostomía, estadía en unidad de intensivo, edad al momento de traqueostomía, indicación de ésta, complicaciones precoces (< 7 días), complicaciones tardías (> 7 días), y mortalidad. Resultados: Se consignaron 59 pacientes traqueostomizados, 36 (59%) de ellos menores de 6 meses y 60% en varones. El 39% tuvo una genopatía confirmada o en estudio y el 42% una cardiopatía congénita. Las principales indicaciones fueron compromiso de vía aérea (58%) y VM crónica (42%). En el subgrupo de vía aérea, las principales causas fueron estenosis subglótica, parálisis cordal y traqueobroncomalacia, mientras que en el subgrupo de VM crónica las principales indicaciones fueron displasia broncopulmonar y daño pulmonar crónico. No encontramos mortalidad asociada a traqueostomía. El 89% fue egresado con traqueostomía y el 59% con VM crónica. Los pacientes de menor edad presentaron mayor probabilidad de alta con traqueostomía y aquellos con mayor número de fallas de extubación previo a traqueostomía, presentaron mayor tasa de egreso con VM. Conclusiones: La traqueostomía es un procedimiento seguro en niños, siendo las causas preponderantes la patología de vía aérea y necesidad de VM crónica. La mayoría de los niños traqueostomizados egresó con traqueostomía y VM crónica. Los niños de menor edad, weaning difícil, genopatía confirmada o sospecha, o con necesidad especiales en salud tienen mayor riesgo de necesitar traqueostomía y VM crónica.