Browsing by Author "Valero, Paola"

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    Consequences of the exposome to gestational diabetes mellitus
    (2023) Rudge, Marilza V. C.; Alves, Fernanda C. B.; Hallur, Raghavendra L. S.; Oliveira, Rafael G.; Vega, Sofia; Reyes, David R. A.; Floriano, Juliana F.; Prudencio, Caroline B.; Garcia, Gabriela A.; Reis, Fabiana V. D. S.; Emanueli, Costanza; Fuentes, Gonzalo; Cornejo, Marcelo; Toledo, Fernando; Valenzuela-Hinrichsen, Andres; Guerra, Catalina; Grismaldo, Adriana; Valero, Paola; Barbosa, Angelica M. P.; Sobrevia, Luis
    The exposome is the cumulative measure of environmental influences and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan, including those from the environment, diet, behaviour, and endogenous processes. The exposome concept and the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the United Nations are the basis for understanding the aetiology and consequences of non-communicable diseases, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Pregnancy may be developed in an environment with adverse factors part of the immediate internal medium for fetus development and the external medium to which the pregnant woman is exposed. The placenta is the interface between maternal and fetal compartments and acts as a protective barrier or easing agent to transfer exposome from mother to fetus. Under and over-nutrition in utero, exposure to adverse environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, drugs, pharmaceuticals, lifestyle, air pollutants, and tobacco smoke plays a determinant role in the development of GDM. This phenomenon is worsened by metabolic stress postnatally, such as obesity which increases the risk of GDM and other diseases. Clinical risk factors for GDM development include its aetiology. It is proposed that knowledge-based interventions to change the potential interdependent ecto-exposome and endo-exposome could avoid the occurrence and consequences of GDM.
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    Functional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, fetoplacental unit, and neonate
    (ELSEVIER, 2023) Carvajal, Jorge; Casanello, Paola; Toso, Alberto; Farias, Marcelo; Carrasco-Negue, Karina; Araujo, Kenny; Valero, Paola; Fuenzalida, Javiera; Solari, Caterina; Sobrevia, Luis
    The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19 disease, characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, bilateral pneumonia, and organ failure. The consequences of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection for the pregnant woman, fetus, and neonate are controversial. Thus, it is required to determine whether there is viral and non -viral vertical transmission in COVID-19. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to functional alterations in asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women, the fetoplacental unit and the neonate. Several diseases of pregnancy, including COVID-19, affect the fetoplacental function, which causes in utero programming for young and adult diseases. A generalized inflammatory state and a higher risk of infection are seen in pregnant women with COVID-19. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension may increase the vulnerability of pregnant women to infection by SARS-CoV-2. Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 show specific mutations that seem to increase the capacity of the virus to infect the pregnant woman, likely due to increasing its interaction via the virus S protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. This review shows the literature addressing to what extent COVID-19 in pregnancy affects the pregnant woman, fetoplacental unit, and neonate. Prospective studies that are key in managing SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy are discussed.
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    Glycaemia dynamics in gestational diabetes mellitus
    (2022) Valero, Paola; Salas, Rodrigo; Pardo, Fabian; Cornejo, Marcelo; Fuentes, Gonzalo; Vega, Sofia; Grismaldo, Adriana; Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk; van der Beek, Eline M.; van Goor, Harry; Sobrevia, Luis
    Pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a disease of pregnancy characterised by maternal and fetal hyperglycaemia with hazardous consequences to the mother, the fetus, and the newborn. Maternal hyperglycaemia in GDM results in fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction. GDM-harmful effects result from chronic and short periods of hyperglycaemia. Thus, it is determinant to keep glycaemia within physiological ranges avoiding short but repetitive periods of hyper or hypoglycaemia. The variation of glycaemia over time is defined as 'glycaemia dynamics'. The latter concept regards with a variety of mechanisms and environmental conditions leading to blood glucose handling. In this review we summarized the different metrics for glycaemia dynamics derived from quantitative, plane distribution, amplitude, score values, variability estimation, and time series analysis. The potential application of the derived metrics from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the potential alterations of pregnancy outcome in GDM are discussed.
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    Role of dietary food intake patterns, anthropometric measures, and multiple biochemical markers in the development of pregnancy- specific urinary incontinence in gestational diabetes mellitus
    (2024) Costa, Sarah Maria Barneze; Hallur, Raghavendra Lakshmana Shetty; Postdoc, David Rafael Abreu Reyes; Postdoc, Juliana Ferreira Floriano; Carvalhaes, Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite; Nunes, Helio Rubens de Carvalho; Sobrevia, Luis; Valero, Paola; Barbosa, Angelica Mercia Pascon; Rudge, Marilza Cunha Vieira
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess maternal dietary food intake patterns, anthropometric measures, and multiple biochemical markers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence and to explore whether antedating gestational diabetes mellitus environment affects the pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence development in a cohort of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence. Methods: Maternal dietary information and anthropometric measurements were collected. At 24 wk of gestation, with a fasting venipuncture sample, current blood samples for biochemical markers of hormones, vita -mins, and minerals were analyzed. The groups were compared in terms of numerical variables using analysis of variance for independent samples followed by multiple comparisons. Results: Of the 900 pregnant women with complete data, pregnant women in the gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence group had higher body mass index during pregnancy, arm circumference, and triceps skinfold than the non-gestational diabetes mellitus continent and non-gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence groups, characterizing an obesogenic maternal environment. Regarding dietary food intake, significant increases in aromatic amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, dietary fiber, magnesium, zinc, and water were observed in pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence group compared with the non-gestational diabetes mellitus continent group. Serum vitamin C was reduced in the gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence group compared with the non-gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence group. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive strategy for gestational diabetes melli-tus women with pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence in terms of deviation in maternal adaptation trend-ing toward obesity and maternal micronutrients deficiencies. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Shortcomings, limitations and gaps in physiological roles of extracellular vesicles in obesity
    (2024) Valero, Paola; Silva, Katherin; Valenzuela-Hinrichsen, Andres; Vasquez, Antonia; Espinoza, Fernanda; Lira, Fernanda; Cornejo, Marcelo; Fuentes, Gonzalo; Gonzalez, Daniel; Moore-Carrasco, Rodrigo; van der Beek, Eline M.; Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk; van Goor, Harry; Grismaldo, Adriana; Sobrevia, Luis
    Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating communication between cells across species and kingdoms. The intercellular communication facilitated by EVs through autocrine and paracrine signalling mechanisms is essential for cell survival, maintaining normal metabolic functions and ensuring overall bodily homeostasis and health. Extracellular vesicles are present in various bodily fluids, such as pleural effusions, plasma, breast milk, amniotic fluid, semen and saliva. Additionally, the generation and release of EVs contribute to the removal of cellular waste. Patients with obesity exhibit a higher release and amount of circulating EVs than individuals with normal weight. This increased EV release in obesity might contribute to the inflammatory state characteristic of this metabolic condition, because higher levels of pro-inflammatory molecules are found within their cargo. However, interpreting results related to EV abundance, cargo and biological actions can be complicated by several factors; these include variations in cell sources, a wide age range (from children to the elderly), a mix of females and males, medication use and health status, a range of body weights (from normal weight to morbid obesity) and differences between in vitro assays using cell lines versus primary cultures. This article addresses the shortcomings, limitations and gaps in knowledge, providing a framework for enhancing our understanding of the physiological effects of EVs on obesity. image